Question 1

The conventional method of assessing dental fluorosis is which of the following?
A) Ramfjord Teeth
B) Dean's Fluorosis Classification
C) Community Fluorosis Index (CFI)
D) WHO basic oral health survey

Accepted Answer

The answer of The conventional method of assessing dental fluorosis...

Question 2

The Basic Screening Survey (BSS) is published by which of the following agencies?
A) National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS)
B) Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)
C) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
D) The Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Data Resource Center (DRC)

Accepted Answer

The ASTDD, a national nonprofit organization, represents state and territorial public health agency programs for oral health. The organization has developed and updated several resources that provide guidance on oral health surveillance, including a best practices report that provides a review of oral health assessment measures, methods, and standards.

Question 3

The Water Fluoridation Reporting System (WFRS) is which of the following?
A) An interactive Internet-based monitoring and surveillance program
B) A division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) that monitors water-producing facilities for compliance with federal regulations
C) A government agency where citizens can send their own water samples for evaluation of fluoride content
D) A regional supplier serving the western region of the United States

Accepted Answer

It is an interactive Internet-based monitoring and surveillance program available for use by state and tribal fluoridation managers. The WFRS allows these managers to update basic water system information directly over the Internet. The WFRS was also designed as a tool to assist states and tribes in monitoring the quality of fluoridation.

Question 4

An oral health surveillance system should contain, at a minimum, which of the following?
A) A core set of oral health measures that describes the status of important oral health conditions
B) Community walk-in health centers
C) A system of door-to-door canvassers to survey constituents
D) A network of computers for integrating data

Accepted Answer

An oral health surveillance system should contain a core set of oral health measures that describes the status of important oral health conditions to serve as benchmarks for assessing programs in achieving oral health improvements.

Question 5

The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was developed by which of the following organizations?
A) WHO
B) NIH
C) CDC
D) NIDCR

Accepted Answer

The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was developed by the WHO to assess periodontal status and is included in their Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods manual. The CPI is used for community surveillance (see Appendix F), and bleeding is one component.

Question 6

Endeavors in the United States to formulate a systematic approach for oral health data collection and reporting have resulted in which of the following?
A) The development of standard ways to monitor the national oral health objectives, an oral health needs assessment model, documentation of uniform methods to measure community oral health, a national data bank.
B) The development of standard ways to monitor the national oral health objectives, an oral health needs assessment model, documentation of uniform methods to measure community oral health.
C) An oral health needs assessment model, documentation of uniform methods to measure community oral health, a national data bank.
D) The development of standard ways to monitor the national oral health objectives, a national data bank.

Accepted Answer

Results of these endeavors include the development of standard ways to monitor the national health objectives, an oral health needs assessment model, and documentation of uniform methods to measure community oral health. Several resources have been developed to provide guidance to national, state, territorial, tribal, and local oral health programs for planning and implementing oral health surveillance systems.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)?
A) It was developed as a clinical scoring system.
B) It uses a dichotomous measure that requires a simple yes or no response.
C) It is designed to assess root surface caries rather than coronal caries in elderly populations.
D) It is not intended to be used in clinical practice.

Accepted Answer

The ICDAS assesses coronal and root surfaces with extended diagnostic criteria and definitions to evaluate specific stages of dental caries progression by including enamel carious lesions and dentinal carious lesions. The system is designed to evaluate changes in the stages of the caries processes, integrate assessments of risks, measure caries activity (e.g., progressing, arrested, or regressing), and link with oral health care options. Findings from assessments integrating ICDAS in population surveys could provide greater details about caries and be useful in monitoring dental caries in order to target prevention programs at the earliest stages of dental caries progression for individuals, groups, and communities.

Question 8

The Orofacial Pain Questionnaire and Orofacial Pain Examination in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) includes an extraoral examination to assess orofacial pain by palpating the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint region for tenderness and for measuring which of the following?
A) Occlusal vertical dimension
B) Maximal incisal opening, in millimeters
C) Leeway space
D) Working and balancing contacts

Accepted Answer

The maximal incisal opening, in millimeters, is measured during the extraoral examination. The Orofacial Pain Questionnaire assesses the frequency of experiences in the past 30 days with specific types of orofacial pain. Positive responses to questions about orofacial pain lead to quality-of-life questions.

Question 9

What is the difference between the df and DMF indexes?
A) The df index is intended for use in children before the age of exfoliation.
B) The df index does not include missing teeth because of the difficulty in distinguishing primary tooth loss as a result of dental caries from those lost by natural exfoliation.
C) The df index is for primary teeth, and the DMF index is for permanent teeth.
D) The df index is popular in Europe, and the DMF index is popular in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The df index is the sum of decayed (d) and filled (f) primary tooth surfaces (dfs) or teeth (dft). It does not include missing teeth because of the difficulty in distinguishing primary tooth loss as a result of dental caries from the teeth lost by natural exfoliation. For use in children before the age of exfoliation (<5 years), the dmf index can indicate the number of teeth or surfaces with a history of decay. Upper case letters (e.g., DMFT) signify permanent teeth; lower case letters (e.g., dft) signify primary teeth.

Question 10

For the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD) Basic Screening Survey (BSS), which of the following are considered to be untreated decay?
A) Incipient lesions halfway through enamel on radiographs
B) Lesions just into the dentin on radiographs
C) Sticky, stained, contiguous grooves and fissures
D) Cavitated lesions

Accepted Answer

For the ASTDD BSS, only cavitated lesions are considered to be untreated decay. This applies to pits and fissures as well as smooth surfaces.

Question 11

The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) gathers data in seven domains, including which of the following?
A) Knowledge, length of smoking, and second-hand smoke
B) Prevalence, access, and cessation
C) Tobacco policies, effectiveness, and cessation
D) Training, prevention, and intervention

Accepted Answer

The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) gathers data in seven domains: knowledge and attitudes of young people toward cigarette smoking, prevalence of cigarette smoking and other tobacco use among young people, role of the media and advertising in young people's use of cigarettes, access to cigarettes, tobacco-related school curriculum, environmental tobacco smoke, and cessation of cigarette smoking.

Question 12

Selection of a data collection method for a community oral health assessment should be based on information of interest, social and demographic factors of the population and the community, and which of the following?
A) Purpose of the assessment
B) Availability of funding
C) The wishes of the sponsoring organization or institution
D) Desired outcomes

Accepted Answer

The data collection method should be based on information of interest, social and demographic factors of the population and community, and purpose of the assessment (e.g., how the data collected are to be used after the assessment).

Question 13

The oral health indicator in the National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS) measures dental sealants by assessing the percentage of dental sealants on at least one permanent molar tooth in which of the following populations?
A) Third-grade students
B) Sixth-grade students
C) Adults aged 18 years and older
D) Adults aged 65 years and older

Accepted Answer

The oral health indicator for dental sealants assessment is the percentage of third-grade students with dental sealants on at least one permanent molar tooth.

Question 14

According to the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD) Basic Screening Survey (BSS) methods, untreated dental caries is generally detected:
A) by radiography.
B) by visual inspection.
C) with a laser caries detection device.
D) with an explorer.

Accepted Answer

Designed to minimize the time required and resources necessary for scoring, the BSS uses a basic screening approach in which a tongue blade, dental mirror, and appropriate lighting are used for visual detection via direct observation. Instruments for detection of caries are not used.

Question 15

Which of the following is a clinical data collection method for a community oral health assessment?
A) Self-administered questionnaire
B) Face-to-face personal interview
C) Basic screenings
D) Telephone interview

Accepted Answer

Basic screenings involve the use of direct observation to visually detect and identify gross dental and oral lesions in the oral cavity with a tongue blade, a dental mirror, and appropriate lighting. On the other hand, an epidemiologic examination entails the use of detailed visual-tactile assessment of the oral cavity with dental instruments and a light source. Basic screenings and epidemiologic examinations do not constitute a thorough clinical examination; they do not involve making a clinical diagnosis that would result in a treatment plan.

Question 16

Which of the following is a collaborative effort between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Oral Health, and the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)?
A) Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Data Resource Center (DRC)
B) National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS)
C) National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
D) National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Accepted Answer

The NOHSS is an important oral health data system. NOHSS is a collaborative effort between the CDC, Division of Oral Health, and ASTDD.

Question 17

The BSS criteria "Early dental care needed" indicates which of the following conditions?
A) Signs or symptoms that include pain but not swelling
B) Signs or symptoms that include pain and swelling
C) Signs that indicate pain, infection, and swelling
D) Caries unaccompanied by signs or symptoms

Accepted Answer

The three BSS categories of Urgency of Need are urgent need (pain, infection, or swelling); early dental care (caries without accompanying signs or symptoms); no obvious problem.

Question 18

Which of the following is true in regard to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI)?
A) Divides the teeth into quadrants for measurement
B) Has treatment-need codes for observed periodontal conditions
C) Measures bleeding
D) Assesses swelling, color, consistency, and bleeding

Accepted Answer

The CPI measures bleeding and divides the teeth into sextants for measurement. The treatment-need codes for observed conditions were eliminated from the original Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITNs) because they did not reflect contemporary theories of periodontal diseases. The Gingival Index (GI) is a core dental index that can be used to assess swelling, color, and consistency in addition to bleeding.

Question 19

Which of the following are indicators of an effective dental index?
A) Attribute, validity, specificity
B) Reliability, utility, sensitivity
C) Acceptability, universality, applicability
D) Specificity, sensitivity, reliability

Accepted Answer

Attributes of an effective dental index include validity, reliability, utility, sensitivity, acceptability, quantifiability, and clinical significance.

Question 20

A complete separation of oral health-related quality of life and health-related quality of life:
A) permits analysis of oral health versus general health factors.
B) allows dentistry to analyze its own contributions to health separate from medical contributions.
C) is necessary to understand the future of health care in the United States.
D) is not possible because oral health is one aspect of overall health.

Accepted Answer

It is not possible because oral health is one aspect of overall health. Thus, issues related to one's overall oral health-related quality of life are relevant to those related to health-related quality of life and vice versa.

Quiz 4: Measuring Oral Health Status and Progress

The conventional method of assessing dental fluorosis is which of the following?

The Basic Screening Survey (BSS) is published by which of the following agencies?

The Water Fluoridation Reporting System (WFRS) is which of the following?

An oral health surveillance system should contain, at a minimum, which of the following?

The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was developed by which of the following organizations?

Endeavors in the United States to formulate a systematic approach for oral health data collection and reporting have resulted in which of the following?

Which of the following is true of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) ?

What is the difference between the df and DMF indexes?

For the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD) Basic Screening Survey (BSS) , which of the following are considered to be untreated decay?

The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) gathers data in seven domains, including which of the following?

Selection of a data collection method for a community oral health assessment should be based on information of interest, social and demographic factors of the population and the community, and which of the following?

The oral health indicator in the National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS) measures dental sealants by assessing the percentage of dental sealants on at least one permanent molar tooth in which of the following populations?

According to the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD) Basic Screening Survey (BSS) methods, untreated dental caries is generally detected:

Which of the following is a clinical data collection method for a community oral health assessment?

Which of the following is a collaborative effort between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , Division of Oral Health, and the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD) ?

The BSS criteria "Early dental care needed" indicates which of the following conditions?

Which of the following is true in regard to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) ?

Which of the following are indicators of an effective dental index?

A complete separation of oral health-related quality of life and health-related quality of life: