Question 1

List four base triplets that are clearly responsible for punctuation (initiation,termination).

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Question 2

"Breaking the genetic code" has been referred to as one of the most significant scientific achievements in modern times.Describe (in outline or brief statement form)the procedures used to break the code.

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Question 3

A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the ________ position of the mRNA.

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Question 4

From the late 1950s to the mid-1960s,numerous experiments using in vitro cell-free systems provided information on the nature of the genetic code.Briefly outline significant experiments in the determination of the genetic code.

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Question 5

Describe the function of N-formylmethionine in prokaryotes.

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Question 6

Referring to the genetic code,what is meant by "wobble"?

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Question 7

Of the following three types of nucleic acids-DNA,mRNA,tRNA-which is most likely to contain modified bases?

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Question 8

There is some indication that the code is in some way ordered; a certain pattern exists.Describe an observation that supports this view.

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Question 9

Suppose that in the use of polynucleotide phosphorylase,nucleotides A and C are added in a ratio of 1A:5C.What is the probability that an AAA sequence will occur?

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Question 10

What is meant by the term heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)?

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Question 11

What is meant by punctuation in terms of the genetic code?

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Question 12

Describe a difference between the RNA polymerases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

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Question 13

What two experimental procedures allowed deciphering of the ordered triplet assignments of the genetic code?

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Question 14

The relationship between codon and anticodon can be characterized as involving ________.

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Question 15

In the context of molecular genetics,how does one reconcile the terms overlapping genes and nonoverlapping code?

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Question 16

The finding that virtually all organisms use the same genetic code provides the basis for declaring that the code is universal.Name at least two exceptions to such universality.

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Question 17

What is polycistronic mRNA?

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Question 18

Describe how the sigma subunit (factor)of E.coli RNA polymerase participates in transcription.

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Question 19

Regarding the efficient initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II,which specific "upstream" signals appear to be involved?

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Question 20

What is a nonsense mutation?

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Quiz 13: The Genetic Code and Transcription