Question 1

A proponent of Patterson's theory who is studying aggressive behavior would be LEAST likely to explore which of the following aspects of research subjects?

Accepted Answer

According to Patterson's theory, aggressive behavior is primarily learned through social interactions rather than being solely determined by genetics. Therefore, a proponent of this theory would be less likely to explore the role of heredity in aggressive behavior. Instead, they would focus on investigating social factors such as stressors, cultural influences, and parenting practices.

Question 2

D'Andre goes around his room and gives each of his classmates a cookie,but he gives two cookies to April and Mykal,who were the best behaved boy and girl this week.What rule is D'Andre following?

Accepted Answer

D'Andre is following the equity rule by giving two cookies to April and Mykal, who were the best behaved children. The equity rule states that rewards and resources should be distributed fairly based on each individual's contribution or merit. By giving two cookies to the best-behaved children, D'Andre is rewarding them for their positive behavior and contribution to the class.

Question 3

Contrary to what Piaget would think,Ben not only knew that Tracey broke the dollhouse,he knew why she did it.How old is Ben?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, children develop the ability to understand others' perspectives and intentions around the age of 4, which is when they start to develop theory of mind. Ben's understanding of Tracey's intentions suggests he is around this age.

Question 4

Helena wants to make sure her baby grows into a respectful person who cares for others and is guided by strong moral principles.To achieve this goal,Helena and her husband should practice a ________ orientation in their home.

Accepted Answer

A mutually responsive orientation involves parents and children responding to each other's needs and emotions, fostering an environment where respect, care, and moral principles are naturally developed.

Question 5

Which of the following will be the most effective indicator that a person will behave ethically at work?

Accepted Answer

Having a strong moral identity is the most effective indicator of ethical behavior at work. It means that the person has a sense of moral responsibility and is committed to acting in an ethical manner. Kohlberg's stages of moral development (options C and D) may provide some insight into a person's moral reasoning, but they do not necessarily guarantee ethical behavior. Power assertion (option A) is not related to ethical behavior but rather to the use of power to control others.

Question 6

A group of ten middle-aged adults are discussing a complex moral issue that is impacting the nation.How many of these people will likely base their opinion on postconventional reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Postconventional reasoning is relatively rare and typically develops in a minority of adults, often those who have reached a higher level of moral reasoning.

Question 7

A child who insists on giving every student in the class four cookies - even the ones who misbehaved for the substitute teacher - is practicing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The child is practicing the equality rule, where every student is given the same number of cookies regardless of their behavior or actions.

Question 8

Sasha is a group leader at a positive youth development program working with problem teens.Her primary focus is the impact of the environment on teens' behavior.Which of the program's "Five Cs" does Sasha focus on?

Accepted Answer

Sasha's primary focus on the impact of the environment on teens' behavior relates to the "Connection" component of the "Five Cs" framework, which emphasizes the importance of positive relationships and social support in youth development.

Question 9

The fact that babies exhibit physical aggression is evidence that such behavior is ________.

Accepted Answer

The fact that babies exhibit physical aggression, such as hitting and biting, at a very young age suggests that it is a natural behavior rather than a learned or reflexive one. While the behavior may be influenced by environment and learning later on, the initial displays of aggression in babies are thought to be innate.

Question 10

As director of a positive youth development program working with teens who have been expelled from school for violent behavior,what would be the main focus of your staff's activities?

Accepted Answer

The main focus of a positive youth development program should be to explore personal assets of each teen and ways to strengthen them. By focusing on strengths and building on them, it helps the teens to develop positive self-identity and self-efficacy. This approach also promotes their engagement in positive activities and behaviors. Teaching the legal consequences of violent behavior and providing academic tutoring are important components that can be included in the program, but they should not be the main focus. Coaching the teens' parents is also important, but it should be done in a way that supports the teens' positive development.

Question 11

Ms.Chao assigned Leon to be room monitor while she went to the office to take a phone call.Within a minute,the first grade class devolved into chaos.When Ms.Chao returned,what did Leon say warranted the most serious punishment?

Accepted Answer

Miguel biting another student is physical aggression and poses a safety threat to others, warranting the most serious punishment. The other actions, while still disruptive, do not pose the same level of threat.

Question 12

Which of the following people best reflects a spiritual perspective?

Accepted Answer

Martha's participation in yoga and meditation retreats is often associated with spiritual practices that focus on inner peace and personal growth, rather than organized religious practices.

Question 13

Which of the following children is likely to exhibit the most aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

Children around the age of 3 years old are in a developmental stage where they are learning to assert their independence and may exhibit more aggressive behaviors as they navigate social interactions and express frustration or desire for autonomy.

Question 14

Considering the bias that problem teenagers have in processing environmental cues,their aggressive behavior is actually ________.

Accepted Answer

The bias that problem teenagers have in processing environmental cues makes them more prone to perceive neutral or ambiguous stimuli as negative or threatening. This can lead to aggressive behavior, which is more defensive in nature as they might feel the need to protect themselves from perceived threats. Therefore, option C (defensive) is the best choice. The other options, such as prosocial (A), reciprocal (B), and empathic (D), do not fit the context of the question.

Question 15

Which of the following lists the concepts in the proper causal order?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following lists the concepts...

Question 16

Which of the following best reflects the concept of gene-environment correlation in aggressive youth?

Accepted Answer

Gene-environment correlation refers to the idea that genetic predispositions can influence how individuals shape and perceive their environment. In the context of aggressive youth, one example of gene-environment correlation is that aggressive children may incite power-based parenting, which in turn encourages further aggression in children. This demonstrates the interplay between genetic factors (aggressive tendencies) and environmental factors (certain parenting styles) that together affect the development of aggressive behavior. Choices A, B, and D do not accurately reflect the concept of gene-environment correlation in the context of aggressive youth.

Question 17

Once young children develop a theory of mind,their sense of morality and justice becomes more ________.

Accepted Answer

Once young children develop a theory of mind, they begin to understand that different people have different perspectives and beliefs. This can lead to a more relative sense of morality and justice as they understand that people may have different definitions of right and wrong.

Question 18

Kathleen is 75 years old and has been a Catholic all her life.Which of the following practices does she likely engage in most frequently?

Accepted Answer

Praying the rosary is a common daily practice for many devout Catholics, especially older generations, and can be done privately at home.

Question 19

Walter has never seen any value to being religious or spiritual,and he doesn't see the need to start now that he's in a senior housing facility.According to Erikson,Walter is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, as one reaches the late stages of life (65+ years), the final stage of "Ego Integrity vs Despair" comes into play. This stage involves reflecting on one's life and feeling a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction (ego integrity) or feeling a sense of regret and despair (despair). One factor that can contribute to feelings of despair is a lack of connection to spirituality or religion. Therefore, Walter's lack of interest in these areas puts him at risk for experiencing despair during this stage of life.

Question 20

Who is most likely to demonstrate aggressive behavior in high school?

Accepted Answer

European American teenagers are more likely to demonstrate aggressive behavior in high school due to cultural factors that emphasize individualism and competition.

Quiz 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development