Question 1

Donald, age 13, refuses to obey his parents and blames others for his mistakes, but he does not engage in vandalism or other criminal acts.If Donald were to be diagnosed with a mental disorder, it would likely be ____.

Accepted Answer

Donald's behavior is characteristic of oppositional defiant disorder, which involves frequent disobedience, argumentativeness, and often blaming others. This disorder does not involve criminal acts or more severe conduct problems.

Question 2

Milton gets into fights, steals, and has vandalized his school.Melissa has been apprehended for truancy many times, and she often runs away from home, uses drugs, and engages in prostitution.What can be said about these two teenagers?

Accepted Answer

Both Milton and Melissa exhibit a pattern of behavior that is consistent with conduct disorder, which is characterized by a disregard for rules and the rights of others. Oppositional defiant disorder is a milder form of conduct disorder, and temper dysregulation disorder with dysphoria is a condition characterized by severe, recurrent temper outbursts. Neither of these diagnoses fits the behaviors exhibited by Milton and Melissa.

Question 3

Sam is chronically getting in trouble at school.He fights with other boys, has destroyed school property, and cheats on his assignments.Sam also has been arrested by the local police for setting fires and stealing.Sam most likely would be diagnosed with ____.

Accepted Answer

Conduct disorder is characterized by aggressive behavior, destructive behavior, and rule-breaking. Sam's behavior of fighting with boys, destroying property, and cheating on assignments are all examples of rule-breaking behavior. His arrest for setting fires and stealing also fits into the pattern of conduct disorder. While antisocial personality disorder is a possible diagnosis for Sam in the future, he is too young to receive this diagnosis currently. Temper dysregulation disorder with dysphoria and oppositional defiant disorder do not fully fit Sam's behavior patterns.

Question 4

Which appears to be most effective for treatment of conduct disorders?

Accepted Answer

Early intervention is crucial for the treatment of conduct disorders. Once patterns of disruptive behavior are established, it can be more difficult to change them. Therefore, treatment should be implemented as early as possible. Choices A, C, and D are not evidence-based treatments for conduct disorders.

Question 5

The most commonly used class of drugs for treating ADHD are ____.

Accepted Answer

Stimulants, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine (Adderall), are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD. They work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which can improve attention and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Tranquilizers, antipsychotics, and narcotics are not typically used for treating ADHD.

Question 6

Which statement concerning oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)is true?

Accepted Answer

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) involves negativistic, argumentative, and hostile behavior but not serious violations of the rights of others. It is not characterized by violence and other antisocial behaviors. Symptoms of ODD often overlap with those of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ODD is a relatively new diagnostic category and may not be widely recognized around the world.

Question 7

Ever since Steve was a toddler her was irritable, difficult to please, and often engaged in long temper tantrums with his parents and other children.As a child Steve continues to have anger episodes and outbursts, which are particularly pronounced when he is tired, hungry, does not get his way, or is being teased by other children.Steve most likely would be diagnosed with ____.

Accepted Answer

Steve's symptoms of irritability, difficulty in pleasing, temper tantrums, and anger episodes are consistent with temper dysregulation disorder with dysphoria, which is characterized by severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally and/or behaviorally, that are out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation. These episodes are inconsistent with the developmental level, and the diagnosis requires that the onset of symptoms be before age ten. The other options do not fully capture Steve's symptomatology. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder typically involve behavior that violates the social norms or the rights of others, whereas in Steve, the outbursts are not directed towards others, but are rather a manifestation of his dysregulation. Pediatric bipolar disorder may present with irritability, but it is usually associated with mood changes (e.g., periods of elation or euphoria), which are not present in Steve's case.

Question 8

Milton is a child abuser.If he is typical of most people who abuse children, we would expect him to ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that a significant percentage of individuals who abuse children were themselves abused as children. Therefore, it is likely that Milton was also abused as a child. There is no evidence to suggest that he is psychotic or has a high school diploma or is over 30 years old.

Question 9

Which psychiatric disorder of childhood is characterized by chronic irritability and severe mood dysregulation as well as recurrent episodes of temper triggered by common stressors?

Accepted Answer

Temper dysregulation disorder with dysphoria (previously known as disruptive mood dysregulation disorder) is a psychiatric disorder of childhood characterized by chronic irritability and severe mood dysregulation as well as recurrent episodes of temper triggered by common stressors. Conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and antisocial personality disorder are not characterized by these specific symptoms.

Question 10

Which category of childhood disorders is characterized by academic functioning that is substantially below that expected in terms of a person's chronological age, measured intelligence, and age appropriate education?

Accepted Answer

Learning disability is a category of childhood disorders characterized by deficits in academic functioning that are substantially below what is expected for a person's age, measured intelligence, and educational background. These deficits are usually specific to certain areas such as reading, writing, or math, and cannot be explained by other factors such as sensory impairments, intellectual disability, or cultural differences. In contrast, intellectual disability (B) refers to a generalized impairment in cognitive functioning that affects all areas of development, while ADHD (C) and autism spectrum disorder (D) are neurological conditions that can affect academic and other areas of functioning but are not solely related to academic deficits.

Question 11

Leff and Crick (2010)assessed bullying among boys and girls.What did they find?

Accepted Answer

Leff and Crick (2010) found that girls are more likely than boys to exhibit relational bullying, such as spreading rumors or excluding others from social activities. They also found that boys were more likely to engage in physical bullying, while girls were just as likely as boys to demonstrate direct forms of bullying like intimidation or controlling behavior. However, there is no evidence to suggest that girls are more socially competent than boys and therefore less likely to engage in bullying behavior.

Question 12

Ms.Ribner has several students in her class with neurodevelopmental disorder.The best help and support she can offer them is to ____.

Accepted Answer

The best help and support Ms.Ribner can offer her students with neurodevelopmental disorder is to teach them skills and develop their potential to the fullest extent possible. This will not only help them in their academics but also in their overall development. Remedial education may be required but it should not be the only focus. Improving their interpersonal skills and educating parents are important too, but teaching the students skills and developing their potential should be the primary goal.

Question 13

Kazdin, Whitley, and Marciano (2006)assert that the most important factor for a positive outcome in children with oppositional, aggressive, or antisocial behaviors is ____.

Accepted Answer

Kazdin, Whitley, and Marciano (2006) assert that the most important factor for a positive outcome in children with oppositional, aggressive, or antisocial behaviors is for parents and/or mentors to develop a therapeutic relationship with the children that involves empathy, warmth, and acceptance. This helps in building a positive and supportive environment for the child, which is crucial for behavioral change. Covert sensitization, giving children more control over their environment, and assertiveness training may also be helpful techniques, but they are not the most important factor identified by Kazdin et al. (2006).

Question 14

Schools that schedule recess for children would likely find that ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that recess is beneficial for children with ADHD as it can help reduce hyperactivity and inappropriate behaviors by providing a break from structured academic activities and allowing for physical activity and social interaction.

Question 15

Which statement about treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)is accurate?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, stimulant medication is prescribed to approximately 65% of youth ages 4-17 who have been diagnosed with ADHD. Option A is incorrect as stimulant medication actually increases attention span and can improve social behavior. Option B is also incorrect as the actual percentage of cases in which stimulant medication is prescribed is much higher. Option C is partially correct in that behavioral interventions can be effective in treating ADHD, but it is not necessarily far superior to drug therapy in effectiveness.

Question 16

Approximately ____% of students in the United States public schools have learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately ____% of students in the United...

Question 17

Which statement about conduct disorder (CD)is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Youths with CD who exhibit callous, unemotional personality traits with no remorse for their behavior may later develop into antisocial personality disorder in adulthood. This is supported by research indicating that individuals diagnosed with CD are at a higher risk for developing antisocial personality disorder later in life.

Question 18

In the United States, if academic progress is significantly compromised by a neurodevelopmental disorder, children ____.

Accepted Answer

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) guarantees children with neurodevelopmental disorders the right to free educational services from age 3 to 21. These children are entitled to a comprehensive evaluation of skills every 3 years and an annual individualized education plan to meet their unique academic needs.

Question 19

When treating delinquent youth, Dishion et al.(1999)caution that ____.

Accepted Answer

Dishion et al. caution that group interventions may increase substance abuse as well as antisocial and violent behavior in delinquent youth.

Question 20

Helen is administering an intelligence test to children to determine if they have a learning disability.She should be sure to ____.

Accepted Answer

Being aware of each student's linguistic and cultural background can help Helen avoid any cultural bias in the test and ensure that the test is fair for all students. Administering the test with several children at the same time and playing soft music may not necessarily help determine if they have a learning disability, and giving extra time only to some students may not be fair to others who may also need it.

Quiz 16: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Donald, age 13, refuses to obey his parents and blames others for his mistakes, but he does not engage in vandalism or other criminal acts.If Donald were to be diagnosed with a mental disorder, it would likely be ____.

Milton gets into fights, steals, and has vandalized his school.Melissa has been apprehended for truancy many times, and she often runs away from home, uses drugs, and engages in prostitution.What can be said about these two teenagers?

Sam is chronically getting in trouble at school.He fights with other boys, has destroyed school property, and cheats on his assignments.Sam also has been arrested by the local police for setting fires and stealing.Sam most likely would be diagnosed with ____.

Which appears to be most effective for treatment of conduct disorders?

The most commonly used class of drugs for treating ADHD are ____.

Which statement concerning oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is true?

Milton is a child abuser.If he is typical of most people who abuse children, we would expect him to ____.

Which psychiatric disorder of childhood is characterized by chronic irritability and severe mood dysregulation as well as recurrent episodes of temper triggered by common stressors?

Which category of childhood disorders is characterized by academic functioning that is substantially below that expected in terms of a person's chronological age, measured intelligence, and age appropriate education?

Leff and Crick (2010) assessed bullying among boys and girls.What did they find?

Ms.Ribner has several students in her class with neurodevelopmental disorder.The best help and support she can offer them is to ____.

Kazdin, Whitley, and Marciano (2006) assert that the most important factor for a positive outcome in children with oppositional, aggressive, or antisocial behaviors is ____.

Schools that schedule recess for children would likely find that ____.

Which statement about treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) is accurate?

Approximately ____% of students in the United States public schools have learning disabilities.

Which statement about conduct disorder (CD) is accurate?

In the United States, if academic progress is significantly compromised by a neurodevelopmental disorder, children ____.

When treating delinquent youth, Dishion et al.(1999) caution that ____.

Helen is administering an intelligence test to children to determine if they have a learning disability.She should be sure to ____.