Question 1

Which theoretical viewpoint is most closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are both considered to be founding figures of the humanistic psychology movement. This perspective emphasizes the uniqueness and potential of each individual, and focuses on personal growth and self-actualization. Therefore, the closest theoretical viewpoint associated with them is humanism.

Question 2

What do humanists believe governs people's behaviour

Accepted Answer

Humanists believe that people's behavior is governed by their self-concepts, which include their beliefs about themselves and their perceptions of their own abilities and worth. This perspective emphasizes personal growth, self-awareness, and the capacity for self-direction.

Question 3

What is NOT an area of specialization in applied psychology

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (A, B, and C) are areas of specialization within applied psychology, but cognitive psychology is not typically considered an area of specialization in this field. Cognitive psychology is a subfield of psychology that focuses on the study of mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory. While applied cognitive psychology exists as an area of research, it is not typically categorized as a specialization within applied psychology.

Question 4

Which type of psychology is the most prominent and widely practiced professional specialty in the field of applied psychology

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology is the most prominent and widely practiced professional specialty in the field of applied psychology. Clinical psychologists work with individuals to diagnose and treat mental illnesses and behavioral disorders. They also conduct research on various aspects of mental health and psychology. Schools, developmental and cognitive psychology are also important areas of study, but they are not as widely practiced as clinical psychology.

Question 5

Which group would be most likely to suggest that people can have complete control over their own destinies

Accepted Answer

Humanists believe that individuals have free will and can make choices to control their own destinies. They emphasize personal growth and self-actualization, and reject determinism and behaviorism. Psychoanalysts focus on the role of unconscious motivations and past experiences in shaping behavior, while behaviorists emphasize the importance of environmental stimuli in shaping behavior. Gestaltists focus on the organization of perceptual experience.

Question 6

Imagine that the editor of your local newspaper writes a column supporting a reduction in government intervention with more rights for individual citizens.The editor bases this argument on the assumption that people are rational beings who will fulfill their maximum potential as long as others do not infringe on their basic human needs.Which psychological perspective do this editor's views reflect

Accepted Answer

The editor's argument that people have the potential to fulfill their maximum potential reflects the humanistic perspective, which emphasizes individual growth and self-actualization. The belief that individuals should have more rights and less government intervention is also consistent with humanistic values of individual freedom and autonomy.

Question 7

Which school of psychology takes the most optimistic view of human nature

Accepted Answer

Humanism emphasizes the inherent goodness and potential of individuals, and focuses on personal growth and self-actualization. It views humans as inherently motivated to reach their full potential, rather than just responding to external stimuli or being controlled by unconscious forces. Therefore, humanism takes the most optimistic view of human nature compared to other schools of psychology such as structuralism, behaviorism, and functionalism.

Question 8

Who would be most likely to state that each person has a drive to grow and fulfil his or her potential

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who believed that humans have an innate drive to reach their full potential, which he called self-actualization. This belief is at the core of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which suggests that once basic physiological and safety needs are met, individuals will strive for higher level needs such as belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

Question 9

What was the dominant school of thought in psychology during the 1950s and 1960s

Accepted Answer

Behaviourism was the dominant school of thought in psychology during the 1950s and 1960s. This was a result of the influence of B.F. Skinner and John Watson, who emphasized the study of observable behaviors as the focus of psychology, rather than the study of internal mental processes. This approach had a significant impact on psychology during this time period.

Question 10

In addition to clinical psychologists,which other professionals also assess and treat psychological disorders

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, including prescribing medications. Nurses and occupational therapists may work with individuals with psychological disorders but do not typically assess or diagnose them. Teachers may refer students for assessments but do not typically provide treatment for psychological disorders.

Question 11

Who would have been most likely to say,"You think that you're in control of your own behaviour,but you're not truly in control"

Accepted Answer

B. F. Skinner was a behaviorist who believed that environmental factors and conditioning can largely control human behavior. He believed that humans do not have free will and are not fully in control of their own behavior.

Question 12

Which statement would NOT be made by a humanist

Accepted Answer

Humanists generally believe in the importance of environmental factors in shaping human behavior, so they would not make a statement that suggests behavior is solely dictated by environmental circumstances.

Question 13

Which organization was established in 1939 to advance psychology as a science in Canada,and continues to play a vital role in the field

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) was established in 1939 to advance psychology as a science in Canada and continues to play a vital role in the field. The other options (A, C, and D) are not recognized organizations in the field of psychology in Canada.

Question 14

Oliver is studying motivation in chimpanzees.His roommate believes that Oliver's research is only useful for understanding chimpanzees and cannot generalize to humans.Which perspective does Oliver's roommate apparently take

Accepted Answer

Oliver's roommate seems to take a perspective that emphasizes unique human characteristics and minimizes the relevance of research on other species to humans. This perspective is consistent with a humanistic approach, which emphasizes the importance of human-specific experiences such as self-awareness, free will, and personal growth.

Question 15

Which type of psychologist would NOT generalize from studies of animal subjects to human behaviour

Accepted Answer

Humanists believe that individuals are unique, and their behaviour cannot be generalized or predicted based on animal studies or any other group data. They focus on the study of individuals and their subjective experiences, rather than on the animal kingdom or objective data in general. Other types of psychologists, such as evolutionary psychologists, cognitive psychologists, and behaviourists, may use animal studies to make predictions about human behaviour.

Question 16

What has been humanism's most important contribution to psychology

Accepted Answer

The answer of What has been humanism's most important contribution...

Question 17

According to humanists,why are animal studies of little relevance to understanding humans

Accepted Answer

Humanists believe that animals lack a self-concept, which makes animal studies of little relevance to understanding humans. This is because human self-concept is a defining characteristic of human nature, and humanists argue that it is this self-concept that shapes our experiences and behaviors. Other choices are not necessarily true; for example, animals can develop mental disorders and can communicate their thoughts through non-verbal means.

Question 18

Who are two married African American psychologists who published work in 1947 on prejudice which was later cited in a landmark U.S.,Supreme Court decision outlawing segregation

Accepted Answer

Kenneth and Mamie Clark, a married couple and African American psychologists, published a study in 1947 that used dolls to study the effects of segregation and racism on African American children. Their study was later cited in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which outlawed segregation in public schools.

Question 19

Which branch of psychology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology that is concerned with diagnosing and treating psychological disorders. Clinical psychologists work with individuals to assess, diagnose, and treat their psychological issues. They also conduct research to develop and improve treatment approaches.

Question 20

Micha tends to be very passive and allows people to take advantage of him.What would a humanist most likely say about Micha

Accepted Answer

A humanist would focus on empowering the individual and helping them recognize their own potential for change. They would encourage Micha to develop a positive self-concept and self-esteem, which would help him become more assertive. Assertiveness training may also be helpful, but it would be secondary to addressing any underlying psychological barriers to self-acceptance and confidence. Option A is too simplistic and ignores the importance of internal factors like self-image, option B is too focused on analyzing past experiences rather than promoting growth, and option C makes unfounded assumptions about Micha's psychology.

Quiz 1: A: The Evolution of Psychology