Question 1

The dissociation theory of hypnosis states that,while hypnotized,a person's consciousness is divided between two streams of consciousness.One stream is in communication with the external world.What is the other stream called

Accepted Answer

The other stream of consciousness in dissociation theory is called the hidden observer. It is believed to be responsible for monitoring sensations, emotions, and experiences during hypnosis, even though the individual may not be aware of it consciously.

Question 2

Nancy is in a state that includes reduced heart rate,reduced consumption of oxygen,and an EEG pattern that includes alpha and theta waves.Which state is Nancy likely to be in

Accepted Answer

The state described is consistent with a meditative state, which often involves reduced physiological activity, lowered heart rate, and changes in brainwave activity such as the presence of alpha and theta waves. Hypnosis may also involve reduced physiological activity and changes in brainwave patterns, but it typically does not involve such pronounced reductions in heart rate or oxygen consumption. Slow-wave sleep involves different EEG patterns, including the presence of delta waves, and is typically accompanied by more profound reductions in physiological activity. Alcohol intoxication can also produce some of these physiological effects, but the EEG pattern would likely be different and may include delta or even beta waves.

Question 3

What do we call chemical substances that modify mental,emotional,or behavioural functioning

Accepted Answer

Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning are called psychoactive drugs. Stimulants (A) enhance brain activity and increase alertness, narcotics or opiates (C) are powerful painkillers that can cause drowsiness and euphoria, and hallucinogens (D) cause distortions in perception and can lead to hallucinations. However, psychoactive drugs encompass all of these categories and refer to any substance that affects brain function and alters behavior, mood, perception, or consciousness.

Question 4

Which of the altered states discussed in your text has been well established as an effective mild anesthetic treatment for both acute and chronic pain

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis has been well established as an effective mild anesthetic treatment for both acute and chronic pain, as it can help individuals relax and reduce their perception of pain.

Question 5

Danielle is walking to work,along a route that she knows very well.When she arrives at work she realizes that she didn't notice anything going on around her during most of her walk because she was thinking about various other things.Which theory of hypnosis suggests that hypnosis is like an extreme version of this experience

Accepted Answer

Hilgard's dissociation theory suggests that hypnosis involves a splitting of consciousness, where the person's attention is divided between an altered state of consciousness and ordinary awareness. This is similar to the experience Danielle had, where her attention was divided between her thoughts and her surroundings.

Question 6

Meditation refers to a group of practices.What are those practices designed to do

Accepted Answer

The practices of meditation are designed to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under voluntary control. This includes the ability to become more present in the moment, focus attention, and calm the mind. While some types of meditation may also have relaxation and subjective well-being benefits, these are not the primary focus of the practices. And although meditation can involve altered states of consciousness, it is not designed to produce a heightened state of suggestibility or simulate multiple streams of consciousness.

Question 7

Which theory of hypnosis suggests that hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness

Accepted Answer

The role-playing theory of hypnosis suggests that hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness, but rather a social interaction where the individual is playing a specific role as directed by the hypnotist. This theory is supported by the fact that individuals who are highly suggestible to hypnosis often have a greater tendency to comply with social demands and expectations.

Question 8

Which of the following is an accurate definition of hypnosis

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is a systematic procedure that typically involves relaxation techniques and suggestions that lead to a heightened state of suggestibility. In this state, people may be more open to accepting suggestions and making changes to their behaviors or thought patterns. It is often used as a therapeutic tool in psychology and medicine.

Question 9

What percentage of the population are considered to be exceptionally good hypnotic subjects

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that around 15% of the population are considered to be exceptionally good hypnotic subjects, while the majority of people can still be hypnotized to varying degrees. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 10

Which theory of dreaming suggests that the cortex constructs dreams in order to make sense out of neural impulses from subcortical areas of the brain

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis theory proposes that the cortex constructs dreams by synthesizing neural impulses generated from subcortical areas of the brain, such as the brainstem. This theory suggests that dreams are simply the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep.

Question 11

What are narcotics

Accepted Answer

Narcotics are drugs derived from opium that can relieve pain. They are also known as opioids and can be highly addictive. Some examples of narcotics are morphine, codeine, and heroin.

Question 12

Which of the following drugs is NOT a narcotic

Accepted Answer

Cocaine is not a narcotic. Narcotics are drugs that have an analgesic, or pain-relieving, effect and are classified as opioids or opiates. Morphine, heroin, and codeine are all opioids and therefore, narcotics.

Question 13

Some people have done bizarre or embarrassing things in public while hypnotized.What term is used to describe the increase in willingness to do such behaviours

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition refers to the decrease in inhibitions and increase in willingness to engage in behaviors that are typically considered inappropriate or unacceptable in social situations. This can occur while under hypnosis, leading to bizarre or embarrassing actions in public. Delusion refers to holding false beliefs, deindividuation refers to loss of personal identity in a group, and dissociation refers to a separation from reality or a sense of detachment from one's surroundings.

Question 14

Which theory of hypnosis is supported by the observation that age-regressed hypnotized individuals recall long-ago events in a vivid but incorrect manner

Accepted Answer

The role-playing theory suggests that hypnotized individuals act out a role and may recall events vividly but inaccurately, as they are influenced by the expectations of the hypnotic state.

Question 15

Both the discovery of insulin and refinements in the design of the sewing machine were inspired,in part,by dreams.Which theory of dreaming is supported by examples like this

Accepted Answer

The cognitive, problem-solving view of dreaming suggests that dreams serve a purpose in problem-solving and creativity by helping individuals work through unresolved issues and facilitating the formation of new ideas. The examples given of the discovery of insulin and refinements in the design of the sewing machine suggest that dreams played a role in problem-solving and idea formation for these individuals.

Question 16

What has been determined to be an effective treatment for insomnia

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for insomnia. This therapy helps individuals identify and change negative sleeping behaviours and thoughts, as well as establish a consistent sleep routine. Other options such as electroconvulsive shock therapy, hypnosis, and salt therapy have not been proven to be effective treatments for insomnia.

Question 17

What does Hilgard's dissociation theory suggest about hypnosis

Accepted Answer

Hilgard's dissociation theory suggests that hypnosis involves a dissociation, or splitting, of consciousness into separate components. This supports the idea that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness, rather than simply a form of role-playing or meditation.

Question 18

At the end of a session of hypnosis,a hypnotherapist may tell the client that he will awaken and not remember any of the hypnotic session.What is this procedure called

Accepted Answer

This procedure is called posthypnotic suggestion. The hypnotherapist suggests to the client that they will awaken from the hypnosis and not remember the session. Posthypnotic suggestions can be used to help the client make positive changes in their behavior or thoughts.

Question 19

If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the "student of the year award," with which theory of dreaming would this dream be most consistent

Accepted Answer

This dream aligns with the wish fulfillment theory, which suggests dreams are a manifestation of our deepest desires and wishes. In this case, the student's dream of winning an award reflects a desire to achieve academic success and recognition, which is central to Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams serving as a fulfillment of unmet wishes.

Question 20

What did Sigmund Freud theorize about dreams

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud theorized that dreams reflect wish fulfillment, with the content of dreams representing unconscious desires and conflicts. According to his theory of psychoanalysis, dreams provide a way for individuals to express and satisfy their repressed or unconscious desires in a symbolic and disguised manner.

Quiz 5: B: Variations in Consciousness