Question 1

Which statement best represents the incidence rate of bipolar disorders in males and females

Accepted Answer

The incidence rate of bipolar disorders is roughly the same in both males and females. There is no significant difference in the occurrence of bipolar disorders between the two genders.

Question 2

Which symptom is NOT associated with bipolar disorder

Accepted Answer

While hallucinations can occur in certain types of bipolar disorder (such as bipolar I with psychotic features), they are not a common symptom and are not a defining characteristic of the disorder. The other three symptoms listed are all associated with bipolar disorder.

Question 3

Maria's doctor recommended that she increase her exposure to natural light in order to improve her symptoms.Which type of disorder has Maria's doctor likely diagnosed

Accepted Answer

Maria's doctor recommended exposure to natural light to improve her symptoms, which suggests that she is experiencing symptoms of depression. Sunlight can help regulate circadian rhythms and increase serotonin levels, which can improve mood in individuals with depression. The other disorders listed may not necessarily be helped by exposure to natural light.

Question 4

In what proportion of the population do bipolar disorders occur

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorders occur in a little over 1 percent of the population. This is consistent across multiple studies and estimates.

Question 5

Penny has been diagnosed with a mood disorder.What is the likelihood that her identical twin will also be diagnosed with a mood disorder at some point in her lifetime

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that there is a higher likelihood for identical twins (who share 100% of their genes) to both be diagnosed with a mood disorder compared to fraternal twins (who share only 50% of their genes). The exact percentage may vary depending on the specific type of mood disorder and other factors, but generally the likelihood for an identical twin to also be diagnosed with a mood disorder is around 65%.

Question 6

Sarah is a 23-year-old woman,and Jacob is a 79-year-old man.What would you predict based on evidence about suicide

Accepted Answer

Older adults, particularly men, have a higher suicide completion rate compared to younger individuals. This is due to factors such as using more lethal means and less likelihood of discovery in time for intervention.

Question 7

In approximately what proportion of women who have given birth do symptoms of postpartum depression occur

Accepted Answer

Postpartum depression affects approximately 10-20% of women who have given birth, making it a relatively common condition following childbirth.

Question 8

Which disorder is associated with the highest risk of suicide

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which disorder is associated with the highest...

Question 9

Which mood disorder is most closely associated with melatonin production and circadian rhythms

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is most closely associated with melatonin production and circadian rhythms. SAD is a type of depression that occurs during the fall and winter months when there is less sunlight. It is thought to be caused by a disruption in melatonin levels and circadian rhythms, which can affect mood and energy levels. Treatment for SAD often involves light therapy to regulate the circadian rhythm and reduce symptoms.

Question 10

Antero is often very irritable,but his behaviour is unpredictable.Some months he is very busy and agitated,and other months he feels very lazy and fatigued.Which disorder is most consistent with Antero's symptoms

Accepted Answer

Antero's symptoms are consistent with cyclothymic disorder, which is a mood disorder characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in mood, energy, and activity levels. The symptoms are less severe than those of bipolar disorder, but still significantly impact daily functioning. The irritability and agitated behavior during some months may indicate hypomanic episodes, while the fatigue and laziness during other months may indicate depressive episodes.

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is most clearly implicated in mood disorders

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is most clearly implicated in mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, with many antidepressants designed to increase serotonin levels in the brain.

Question 12

Charlotte is in a heightened emotional state and hasn't been sleeping much lately.Additionally,she is making plans to solve the world's hunger problem while simultaneously composing music (even though she's never had musical training).Which disorder is most consistent with Charlotte's symptoms

Accepted Answer

Charlotte's symptoms are consistent with bipolar disorder, as she is experiencing a heightened emotional state and exhibiting symptoms of grandiosity (wanting to solve world's hunger problem and composing music without training). Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating periods of manic and depressive episodes, and individuals with the disorder may experience periods of heightened creativity and productivity during manic episodes.

Question 13

After several weeks of feeling gloomy and being socially withdrawn,Marco has suddenly become extremely sociable and talkative.He doesn't seem to need any sleep,and he becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down.Which disorder is consistent with Marco's behaviour

Accepted Answer

Marco's sudden change in behavior, decreased need for sleep, and irritability when told to slow down are consistent with symptoms of a manic episode in bipolar disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, histrionic personality disorder involves excessive attention-seeking behavior, and schizophrenia involves symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations that are not present in Marco's description.

Question 14

Carina is 50 years old,and her moods are rather unpredictable.Some days she is excited and happy,other days she is sad and withdrawn.Her symptoms seem fairly mild,but she has had mood swings of this type since she was in her early 20s.Which disorder is most consistent with Carina's symptoms

Accepted Answer

Carina's symptoms are most consistent with cyclothymic disorder, which is characterized by mild mood swings that cycle between periods of depression and hypomania (mild mania). These symptoms have persisted over a long period of time, which also supports a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder. Dysthymic disorder involves persistent feelings of sadness, but not necessarily mood swings; dissociative identity disorder involves distinct and separate identities or personalities, which is not mentioned as a symptom for Carina; undifferentiated schizophrenia involves more severe symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations.

Question 15

What is the diagnosis for individuals who alternate between periods of depression and periods of being manic

Accepted Answer

Individuals who alternate between periods of depression and periods of being manic are experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder. The other options, dissociative disorders, multiple personality disorder, and conversion disorder, do not match the symptom pattern described in the question.

Question 16

Where would you expect to find the highest incidence of seasonal affective disorder

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs during the winter months when there is less daylight. Therefore, it would be most common in cities far from the equator where there is less sunlight in the winter. Option A is incorrect because heat and humidity are not typically associated with SAD. Option B is also incorrect because the lack of rainfall or precipitation is not a direct cause of SAD. Option D is incorrect because SAD is related to changes in daylight, not temperature variability.

Question 17

Jose has a psychological disorder,and his doctor has prescribed a drug that affects both the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in Jose's nervous system.What is Jose most likely being treated for,based on this information

Accepted Answer

The fact that the drug prescribed affects both norepinephrine and serotonin suggests that it is an antidepressant medication. Depression is commonly treated with drugs that target these two neurotransmitters.

Question 18

Tina has been extremely hyperactive for the past week,and she has been getting by with only three hours of sleep each night.Her thoughts seem to be racing out of control,and she is convinced that the novel she started last week will become a bestseller and win a Giller Prize,even though she has never had any of her writing published in the past.What is most consistent with Tina's symptoms

Accepted Answer

Tina's symptoms suggest a manic episode, which is characterized by hyperactivity, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and grandiosity. She believes that her novel will win a prestigious prize, even though she has no prior experience with publishing.

Question 19

Which disorder can be considered a milder version of bipolar disorder

Accepted Answer

Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder, characterized by mood swings between mild depression and hypomania. Rapid-cycling disorder and manic disorder are both subtypes of bipolar disorder, but are not necessarily milder. Dysthymic disorder is a type of persistent depressive disorder, not a variant of bipolar disorder.

Question 20

Which statement best describes the onset of bipolar disorder

Accepted Answer

The peak age of onset for bipolar disorder is usually in early adulthood, between the ages of 20 and 29. However, onset can occur at any age.

Quiz 15: A: Psychological Disorders