Question 1

Which of the following best describes an autotelic experience?
A) following a predetermined set of actions recommended by an authority figure in order to obtain the desired outcome
B) engaging in an activity done not with the expectation of some future benefit, but simply because the doing itself is the reward
C) the knowledge or belief obtained neither by reason nor by perception but by inherent motivations
D) the conviction that one has already experienced a current situation, even though the circumstances of the previous encounter are uncertain

Accepted Answer

An autotelic experience is one that is done for its own sake, as the doing itself is seen as rewarding. It is not done with the expectation of some future benefit or for external motivation, but rather for the inherent enjoyment and satisfaction of the activity.

Question 2

The phenomenon known as "choking" occurs when ________.
A) a person strives to reach the flow experience and fails
B) a person feels his or her abilities match the opportunities for action
C) the person's skills outweigh the challenges of the experience
D) the challenges of the experience are too great for a person's skill

Accepted Answer

Choking occurs when the challenges of an experience are too great for a person's skill level, leading to a deterioration in performance.

Question 3

Which of the following refers to functional fixedness?
A) concentrating on a fixed, predetermined goal
B) adjusting functions to arrive at a particular solution
C) finding alternative solutions to a problem
D) adopting a fixed approach to solve a problem

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness is the tendency to adopt a fixed approach to solving problems or thinking about objects, which hinders the ability to come up with creative and innovative solutions.

Question 4

Which of the following refers to the process of incubation?
A) The negotiators create a new alternative that meets parties' underlying interests.
B) The negotiators align the issues in such a way that permits the issues to be negotiated independently and, ideally, traded off.
C) The negotiating teams agree to take a break and convene the next day to iron out a solution to their problem.
D) The rival negotiating teams each make one concession in return for securing approval for a contract.

Accepted Answer

Incubation refers to the process of taking a break in negotiations in order to allow creative solutions to percolate and emerge. Option C (The negotiating teams agree to take a break and convene the next day to iron out a solution to their problem) best describes incubation. Options A, B, and D do not refer to the process of incubation.

Question 5

Warren Manufacturing produces a few small die-cast parts for automobile manufacturers.The process is repetitive and unvarying,with little scope for change or improvement.In this situation,which of the following would be an effective method of handling problems?
A) selective attention
B) the perseverance effect
C) functional fixedness
D) the hindsight bias

Accepted Answer

The answer of Warren Manufacturing produces a few small die-cast...

Question 6

Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning....

Question 7

You read that 30% of a country's male population has received technical education.On the same day you learn that 30% of the people in that country are rich.Combining these facts,you conclude that technical education makes people richer.This is an example of ________.
A) an illusory correlation
B) the perseverance effect
C) a causal relationship
D) the base rate fallacy
E) the gambler's fallacy

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an illusory correlation, where a relationship between two variables is perceived to exist even when it does not. In this case, there is no evidence to support the claim that technical education makes people richer.

Question 8

Briefly explain the rational problem solving model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain the rational problem solving model....

Question 9

Once the outcome of a negotiation was clear,Jon,reflecting on the different occurrences along the way,felt that he had indeed seen it coming.Which of the following terms best defines this thought process?
A) clustering illusion
B) hindsight bias
C) anchoring bias
D) confirmation bias

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias is the tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome beforehand. In this case, Jon believed that he had seen the outcome coming all along. Clustering illusion is the perception of a pattern in a random sequence. Anchoring bias is the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered. Confirmation bias is the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.

Question 10

While developing the strategies,a negotiator adopts past habits and tried-but-true approaches to solve new problems.What is this known as?
A) the set effect
B) the perseverance effect
C) inert knowledge
D) the availability heuristic

Accepted Answer

The set effect refers to the tendency to rely on past habits and tried-but-true approaches when trying to solve new problems. This can limit a negotiator's creativity and ability to come up with unique solutions.

Quiz 8: Creativity and Problem Solving in Negotiations

Which of the following best describes an autotelic experience?

The phenomenon known as "choking" occurs when ________.

Which of the following refers to functional fixedness?

Which of the following refers to the process of incubation?

Warren Manufacturing produces a few small die-cast parts for automobile manufacturers.The process is repetitive and unvarying,with little scope for change or improvement.In this situation,which of the following would be an effective method of handling problems?

Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning.

You read that 30% of a country's male population has received technical education.On the same day you learn that 30% of the people in that country are rich.Combining these facts,you conclude that technical education makes people richer.This is an example of ________.

Briefly explain the rational problem solving model.

Once the outcome of a negotiation was clear,Jon,reflecting on the different occurrences along the way,felt that he had indeed seen it coming.Which of the following terms best defines this thought process?

While developing the strategies,a negotiator adopts past habits and tried-but-true approaches to solve new problems.What is this known as?