Question 1

Which country currently has an OADR of 44%, which, by 2050, is expected to nearly double to 74%?

Accepted Answer

OADR stands for Old Age Dependency Ratio, which is the ratio of people aged 65 and above to those aged 15-64. Japan currently has an OADR of 44%, which is one of the highest in the world. By 2050, it is expected to nearly double to 74%, due to a rapidly aging population and low birth rates.

Question 2

Many people develop "age spots," or pools of dark pigment on the skin that are due to the accumulation of __________.

Accepted Answer

Age spots, also known as liver spots, are caused by the accumulation of melanin in the skin due to years of sun exposure. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its color and is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. As we age, the ability of these cells to regulate melanin production decreases, leading to the formation of patches of darker skin.

Question 3

Your grandmother is 87 years old and she has remarked to you that nearly all of her friends are women.She told you that it is rare to see a man older than age 85.She is correct because, after age 85, for every 100 men, there are __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your grandmother is 87 years old and...

Question 4

What condition occurs as a result of a progressive thickening of the lens, causing vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted?

Accepted Answer

A cataract occurs as a result of a progressive thickening of the lens, causing vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted. Macular degeneration is a different condition that affects the macula, a part of the retina that is responsible for central vision. Glaucoma is a condition that results from damage to the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure within the eye. Tinnitus is a condition involving ringing or noise in the ears.

Question 5

When teeth lose their enamel and become yellower due to the accumulated effects of food, tea, coffee, and tobacco, what type of aging is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Secondary aging refers to the effects of environmental factors, such as the ones mentioned (food, tea, coffee, and tobacco), on the body's appearance and functioning. Primary aging, on the other hand, refers to the natural and inevitable process of biological aging, while tertiary aging refers to the rapid decline in functioning and health that can occur in the final stages of life. Vertical aging is not a recognized term in gerontology or aging research.

Question 6

__________ is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms, whereas __________ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the natural and inevitable process of biological deterioration that occurs with advancing age, regardless of health habits. Secondary aging, on the other hand, refers to the aging process that results from external factors and lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise, and exposure to toxins.

Question 7

What percentage of Americans older than 75 have lost all of their natural teeth?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 31% of Americans older than 75 have lost all of their natural teeth.

Question 8

What was the poverty rate for older adults in the United States in 2016?

Accepted Answer

The poverty rate for older adults in the United States in 2016 was approximately 9%.

Question 9

The following description is of an individual in the early stages of __________: "Hair continues to become grayer and thinner in both men and women....Bones continue to thin, especially in women, and the thinning of the bones contributes to a stooped posture."

Accepted Answer

In late adulthood, hair becomes grayer and thinner, and bones become thinner, especially in women, leading to a stooped posture.

Question 10

The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is calculated as __________.

Accepted Answer

The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is calculated as the number of people ages 65 years or older, divided by the number of people ages 20 to 64, times 100. This ratio provides an indication of the number of elderly individuals that each potentially working and economically active person needs to support. It is a crucial indicator used in assessing the economic and social challenges associated with an aging population.

Question 11

In what condition is there a loss of clarity in the center of the visual field?

Accepted Answer

Macular degeneration is a condition in which there is a loss of clarity in the center of the visual field. This is caused by damage to the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. Glaucoma can cause peripheral vision loss, a cataract clouds the entire lens, and tetanus is a bacterial infection that affects muscles and nerves, not the eyes.

Question 12

In the United States, which ethnic group has the lowest life expectancy?

Accepted Answer

African Americans have the lowest life expectancy in the United States, with an average life expectancy of 75 years. This is due to various social and economic factors such as poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and higher rates of chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension.

Question 13

In developed countries, what is the life expectancy of a person who is 65 years old?

Accepted Answer

In developed countries, the life expectancy of a person who is 65 years old is typically 15 to 25 additional years. This can vary based on factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, and access to healthcare. However, on average, people can expect to live well into their 80s or even 90s in developed countries.

Question 14

What percentage of older adults age 80 and older develop macular degeneration?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of older adults age 80...

Question 15

Based on the most noticeable outward signs of aging, which description is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Thinning and graying hair is a common sign of aging in both older men and older women. Age spots may develop, but there is no evidence to suggest that they become lighter in darker-skinned individuals. Hair transparency is not a noticeable outward sign of aging. There is also no evidence to suggest that stress affects gray hair differently in men and women.

Question 16

The number-one cause of blindness for those in developing countries is __________ because people in these countries __________.

Accepted Answer

Cataracts are the number-one cause of blindness in developing countries because people in these countries rarely have access to corrective surgery.

Question 17

Body weight decline, mainly from eating less due to changes in the hormones that regulate hunger, is considered a sign of __________.

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the gradual and inevitable process of bodily deterioration that occurs throughout life, which can include changes in hormones that regulate hunger leading to reduced food intake and body weight decline.

Question 18

Your 5'8"-tall grandfather always jokes that he used to be 6'2." All of the other males in your family average about 5'10" tall.You know that he is not telling the truth about his original height, because even though men lose height after age 60, this loss is usually about __________.

Accepted Answer

Men typically lose about 1.5 inches in height after age 60 due to factors like changes in posture and compression of spinal discs.

Question 19

What is the most common visual impairment in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Cataracts are the most common visual impairment in late adulthood, characterized by clouding of the lens in the eye, leading to decreased vision.

Question 20

Your neighbor is quite upset.She is 82 years old and has been having some serious vision problems.You have suggested quite a few times that she needs to see her doctor.She finally went and was told that she has cataracts.She feels like she is the only one her age that has this problem.What could you tell her regarding the percentage of adults her age that have cataracts?

Accepted Answer

Cataracts are common among older adults, and about 60% of people aged 80 and older have cataracts or have had cataract surgery.

Quiz 12: Late Adulthood