Question 1

What percentage of children under age 5 worldwide experience a protein deficiency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of children under age 5...

Question 2

Which of the following are the most common types of malnutrition for children in developing nations?

Accepted Answer

Lack of protein and lack of iron are the most common types of malnutrition for children in developing nations. Protein is essential for growth and development, while iron is important for the formation of red blood cells and the prevention of anemia. Children in developing nations may not have access to enough protein-rich foods, such as meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products. They may also not have access to iron-rich foods, including meat, dark leafy greens, and fortified cereals.

Question 3

Yvette was diagnosed with Lyme disease and is having with balance, walking a straight line, and simple motor movements.Which of the following areas of her brain would you suspect is being affected by the disease and causing her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordination of movements, balance, and posture. Dysfunction or damage in this area can result in difficulties with walking a straight line and simple motor movements, which are symptoms commonly associated with Lyme disease. There is no evidence to suggest that the other areas listed (reticular formation, hippocampus, corpus callosum) are directly related to these specific symptoms of Lyme disease.

Question 4

You are comparing the nutritional value of diets between ethnic groups in the United 	States to complete a sociology project.Which statement reflects your findings relative to nutrition and ethnicity of children in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that immigrant children often maintain dietary habits from their countries of origin, which typically include fewer fast food options compared to diets in the United States. As they assimilate, their consumption patterns may change, but initially, they consume less fast food than native-born children.

Question 5

Iron deficiency is to __________ as protein deficiency is to __________.

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency is commonly associated with anemia, while protein deficiency is commonly associated with kwashiorkor.

Question 6

Your 5-year-old son has not been eating a balanced diet lately even though you provide well-balanced meals for him.You tell him that if he eats all of his vegetables, you will let him have dessert.Although many parents in the United States bribe their children in this manner, what is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

Bribing children to eat their vegetables sends the message that vegetables are an unpleasant task that must be endured in order to receive a reward. This can lead to a long-term negative association with healthy foods and a positive association with unhealthy foods. It is better to encourage children to try new foods and make healthy choices for their own benefit rather than relying on extrinsic rewards.

Question 7

As the rate of physical growth __________ in early childhood, food consumption __________.

Accepted Answer

During early childhood, the rate of physical growth slows down, and as a result, children's food consumption typically diminishes as well, reflecting their decreased energy needs.

Question 8

Researchers propose that our ability to remember events from the first years of life is due to changes in the __________.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus has been identified as a crucial brain structure for the formation and retrieval of episodic memories, which are memories associated with specific events and contexts. Studies suggest that the development of the hippocampus during early childhood may explain our ability to remember events from the first years of life.

Question 9

Which brain system is involved in attention?

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is responsible for regulating attention and arousal levels in the brain.

Question 10

__________ is the most common nutritional deficiency for children in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the most common nutritional deficiency...

Question 11

The inability to remember much information before the age of 4 or 5 is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia refers to the inability of adults to remember much information from the first few years of their life. This is because the brain structures and processes involved in long-term memory formation are not yet fully developed during infancy and early childhood.

Question 12

Over the last three decades, as children have consumed __________, calcium deficiencies in early childhood are more common.

Accepted Answer

The consumption of soft drinks has increased while milk consumption has decreased in children over the last three decades. As milk is a significant source of calcium, this shift in consumption patterns has led to an increase in calcium deficiencies in early childhood.

Question 13

Myelination increases in early childhood, particularly in the cerebellum.What is the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination of motor movements. The increase in myelination in early childhood suggests that there is a heightened need for the development of such skills during this stage of life.

Question 14

On average, a 4- or 5-year-old child has an attention span of __________.

Accepted Answer

On average, a 4- or 5-year-old child has an attention span of 10-15 minutes. This means that they are capable of focusing on a task or activity for that amount of time before getting distracted or losing interest. It's important for parents and teachers to keep this in mind when planning activities or lessons for young children.

Question 15

What proportion of 3-year-old American children receive less than the recommended amount of calcium?

Accepted Answer

A third of 3-year-old American children receive less than the recommended amount of calcium.

Question 16

The World Health Organization has estimated that __________ of children in developing countries lack sufficient food or essential nutrients.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization, 80% of children in developing countries lack sufficient food or essential nutrients. This is a significant problem that can lead to malnutrition and stunted growth, as well as a range of other health issues. It highlights the importance of addressing global food insecurity and ensuring that all children have access to the resources they need to thrive.

Question 17

Sancho is watching his 17-month-old son Troy struggle to catch up with his older brother.As Sancho observes the awkward and effortful movements of his younger son, he is reminded that Troy's ability to walk, run, and remain balanced depends on __________.

Accepted Answer

Myelination, the process of forming a fatty layer around nerve fibers, is crucial for the development of motor skills such as walking and balancing. The corpus callosum, a band of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, plays a role in coordinating movements between the left and right sides of the body. The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain, is responsible for controlling balance and coordination. As myelination increases in these areas, Troy's motor skills will improve, allowing him to catch up with his older brother.

Question 18

You and your roommate are discussing your early childhoods and your first day of preschool.She is frustrated because she cannot remember anything related to that first day.She remembers stories that her parents told her about her first days of school because it was right at the time of the events of 9/11, but she does not actually remember the events herself.You would tell her that the inability to remember significant events before the ages of 4 or 5 is common and refers to a loss of __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You and your roommate are discussing your...

Question 19

Which of the following is a part of the brain that is involved in attention and is responsible for an increased attention span during early childhood?

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is a part of the brainstem that is responsible for regulating arousal and attention. It is particularly active during early childhood, which leads to an increased attention span during this developmental period. The other options listed are not specifically associated with attention or early childhood development.

Question 20

Your 5-year-old daughter has not eaten very much in the past couple of days.You are a bit worried, but after thinking about your human development course, you remember that 5-year-old children __________.

Accepted Answer

5-year-old children may eat plenty one day and not as much the next day. It is common for young children to have fluctuations in their appetite, and it is important to offer healthy meal options, but not force them to eat if they are not hungry.

Quiz 6: Early Childhood