Question 1

The __________ is a social phenomenon that limits women's advancements in the workforce due to gender discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the social phenomenon that limits women's advancements in the workforce due to gender discrimination is "glass ceiling". The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that prevents women and other marginalized groups from advancing to higher levels of authority and leadership in their careers. It is a pervasive problem that continues to affect the workforce today. The other options, such as "glass tower", "glass elevator", and "glass escalator" are not commonly used terms to describe this phenomenon.

Question 2

The main reason given for job satisfaction in midlife is __________.

Accepted Answer

According to research, enjoyment of the work itself is the main reason for job satisfaction in midlife, even more so than salary or fringe benefits. Prestige may also be a factor for some, but it is not the main reason.

Question 3

What term do developmentalists use to refer to the knowledge and experience in a specific domain?

Accepted Answer

Developmentalists use the term expertise to refer to the knowledge and experience in a specific domain. Expertise refers to the ability to perform well in a particular field due to extensive experience and knowledge in that field.

Question 4

It is clear that experts have a wealth of crystallized intelligence for a particular area.This accumulated knowledge allows them to __________.

Accepted Answer

Experts' accumulated knowledge and experience help them to recognize patterns and focus on relevant information, making it more likely they will identify the solution. This is due to their high level of crystallized intelligence, which is essentially the ability to recall previously acquired knowledge and apply it to new situations. The other options are not relevant to the specific benefits of crystallized intelligence in problem-solving.

Question 5

Your 43-year-old uncle has his own automobile repair shop.Whenever you have car problems, all you have to do is describe the noise that your car is making and he can accurately diagnose the problem on the phone.Psychologists would argue that this is an example of his __________.

Accepted Answer

Expertise refers to specialized knowledge and skills in a particular field, which allows someone to accurately and efficiently diagnose problems related to that field. In this case, the uncle's expertise in automobile repair enables him to diagnose car problems accurately based on the description of the noise. The other options (B, C, and D) don't fit as well, as they refer to different types of cognitive abilities or traits that are not as directly relevant to this situation.

Question 6

As discussed in the text, individuals with expertise differ cognitively from novices in that __________.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with expertise have been found to process information more quickly and efficiently than novices, as they have already developed mental schemas that help them organize and make sense of information in their area of expertise. This enables them to more rapidly access and process relevant information, thereby increasing their efficiency in tasks related to their area of expertise.

Question 7

Which of the three measures of fluid intelligence decline steeply throughout adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Perceptual speed is the measure of how quickly an individual can process visual information, and it is known to decline steeply throughout adulthood. Numeric ability and spatial orientation also decline with age, but not as steeply as perceptual speed. Vocabulary, on the other hand, may increase or remain stable throughout adulthood.

Question 8

In terms of cognitive processing in middle adulthood, which of the following individuals is more likely to process problems with a high degree of automaticity and develop solutions that are fast and efficient?

Accepted Answer

Experts are individuals who have years of experience and have developed a high level of knowledge and expertise in a particular field. As a result, they are more likely to process problems with a high degree of automaticity and develop solutions that are fast and efficient. This is because their extensive knowledge and experience allow them to draw upon existing mental models and problem-solving strategies, which helps them to quickly identify and solve problems. Novices, beginners, and greenhorns, on the other hand, have limited experience and knowledge and are more likely to process problems in a more deliberate and conscious manner.

Question 9

Along with enjoyment of the work itself, a second reason reported for greater job satisfaction with work in midlife is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Along with enjoyment of the work itself,...

Question 10

A variety of American and European studies have found that job satisfaction peaks in middle adulthood, particularly in the __________.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have found that job satisfaction typically peaks in the 50s, specifically around age 55. One possible reason for this is that individuals have gained experience and knowledge in their careers by this point, allowing them to take on more challenging and rewarding roles. Additionally, individuals in their 50s may have achieved a balance between work and personal life, leading to increased overall satisfaction.

Question 11

Your aunt is an outstanding attorney who has been very successful in the courtroom.She has been frustrated in not being made a partner in a law firm where only men are partners.Her frustration is described by what concept?

Accepted Answer

The concept described is the glass ceiling, which refers to the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to higher positions in their professions, often due to gender or race discrimination. In this scenario, the aunt's qualifications and success in the courtroom are not enough to break through the barrier of a male-dominated law firm.

Question 12

According to research (Arts et al., 2006), experts are not only more automatic in their problem solving than novices, they are also __________.

Accepted Answer

According to the research, experts are not only more automatic in their problem solving than novices, but they are also more flexible and creative. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. Option A and B are incorrect because the research does not suggest that experts are less formal, strategic, cautious or conservative than novices. Option D is only partially correct, as the research suggests that experts are more knowledgeable, but it does not mention contemplative.

Question 13

You are playing a speed-based card game with your 64-year-old grandfather.The object of the game is to get rid of your cards as fast as you can.Once the first card is turned over, each player tries to play by deciding on which pile to play his or her card.When you were younger, your grandfather always beat you in this game.Now, you always beat him.Your grandfather is likely experiencing a slight decline in __________.

Accepted Answer

The card game is speed-based, and the fact that the grandfather used to beat the player when they were younger suggests that the grandfather's decline in performance is due to a decrease in perceptual speed. As we age, our reaction times tend to slow down, making it more difficult to keep up with fast-paced activities.

Question 14

A mechanic who does not have to think through the various possible sources of the sound in a pair of brakes, but rather hears the sound and immediately knows the problem, is an example of someone who has a high degree of __________.

Accepted Answer

Expertise refers to a high level of knowledge and skill in a particular area, which allows someone to quickly and accurately identify and solve problems. In this case, the mechanic's ability to immediately know the problem based on the sound of the brakes indicates a high level of expertise in the field of car mechanics.

Question 15

Your parents, who are in their 50s, both work and have high satisfaction with their careers.You have noticed that most of your parents' friends also seem to have high satisfaction with their careers.Why?

Accepted Answer

The fact that both of the individual's parents and most of their friends have high satisfaction with their careers suggests that job satisfaction is a priority for this social group. The other options (A, B, and D) do not necessarily explain why these individuals specifically have high job satisfaction, as promotions, salaries, and retirement are not guaranteed to provide job satisfaction. Enjoying the work that one does is a major contributor to job satisfaction.

Question 16

During middle adulthood, for many, job satisfaction is __________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that job satisfaction tends to be at its highest during middle adulthood, as individuals have gained experience and expertise in their careers and often hold higher positions with more autonomy and flexibility.

Question 17

By middle adulthood, a nurse who has been in the field for 18 years has far more __________ than someone who has just completed nursing school, and so would be more likely to be selected to head a nursing staff in a hospital.

Accepted Answer

Expertise refers to the knowledge, skills, and experience gained through years of practice and is highly valued in the nursing profession. A nurse who has been in the field for 18 years would have far more expertise than someone who has just completed nursing school, making them more likely to be selected to head a nursing staff in a hospital. Accommodation refers to adapting existing schemas to incorporate new information, while assimilation refers to fitting new information into existing schemas. Narcissism refers to excessive self-love and a sense of entitlement, which is not relevant to the question.

Question 18

The Seattle Longitudinal Study discovered that many aspects of intelligence reach their peak during which developmental period?

Accepted Answer

The Seattle Longitudinal Study found that many aspects of intelligence, such as verbal ability and inductive reasoning, peak in middle adulthood, around age 40-60, before gradually declining in older adulthood.

Question 19

According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study, when does crystallized intelligence reach its peak?

Accepted Answer

The Seattle Longitudinal Study found that crystallized intelligence (knowledge and skills gained through experience and education) tends to peak in middle adulthood, usually between ages 40-60, and then remains relatively stable until late adulthood.

Question 20

Among food-service workers, expertise increases from young adulthood to middle adulthood in what three areas?

Accepted Answer

As food-service workers progress from young adulthood to middle adulthood, they typically gain more knowledge, improve their organizational skills, and enhance their social skills, which are crucial for effectively managing and interacting in a food-service environment.

Quiz 11: Middle Adulthood