Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a weakness associated with projective tests?

Accepted Answer

Deliberate deception is not a weakness of projective tests because the purpose of these tests is to elicit unconscious or repressed thoughts and feelings, which the test taker may not be aware of or willing to share. Therefore, deliberate deception is unlikely to affect the validity of the test results. The other options, B, C, and D, are commonly cited weaknesses of projective tests.

Question 2

The tendency to mold our interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out is called

Accepted Answer

The tendency to mold our interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out is called the hindsight bias. This refers to our tendency to see events as more predictable than they were in reality after they have already happened.

Question 3

The humanistic perspective's emphasis on man's potential for personal growth is most similar to which other personality theorist's belief concerning man's primary motivation?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler believed in the concept of "self-actualization," which is similar to the humanistic perspective's emphasis on personal growth. He believed that people are motivated by their desire to overcome their perceived inferiorities, reach their full potential or self-actualize, and contribute to society.

Question 4

The concept of personality is used to explain the ____________________ in a person's behavior over time and the ____________________ among people reacting to the same situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of personality is used to...

Question 5

Inga keeps distressing thoughts and feelings buried.According to Sigmund Freud she is using ____________________ to ward off anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inga keeps distressing thoughts and feelings buried.According...

Question 6

Carl Jung proposed the existence of the ____________________,a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past; while Alfred Adler emphasizes how people strive for ____________________ to compensate for their feelings of inferiority.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carl Jung proposed the existence of the...

Question 7

In explaining why Lydia is cheerful,conscientious,and willing to share,a psychologist who took an observational learning perspective toward personality development would consider Lydia's ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In explaining why Lydia is cheerful,conscientious,and willing...

Question 8

Walter Mischel's provocative theories have sparked debate among psychologists as to the relative importance of the person as opposed to the ____________________in determining behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Walter Mischel's provocative theories have sparked debate...

Question 9

Unconscious fixations and unresolved conflicts are to Sigmund Freud's theory of personality as ____ to B.F.Skinner's theory.

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner's theory of personality is based on the idea that behavior is shaped by reinforcement and punishment through environmental conditioning, so faulty learning is the closest option. Genetic vulnerability, incongruence between self and actual experience, and innate chemical imbalances are not concepts that are emphasized in Skinner's theory.

Question 10

Janine has extremely strong moral standards.However,whenever she fails to live up to the high standards she sets for herself,she becomes overwhelmed by feelings of guilt.Freud would most likely suggest that Janine's personality is dominated by her ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Janine has extremely strong moral standards.However,whenever she...

Question 11

In the five-factor model of personality,people who score high in ____________________ tend to be anxious,hostile,self-conscious,insecure,and vulnerable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the five-factor model of personality,people who...

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding hindsight bias is LEAST accurate?

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias is not restricted to thinking about issues related to personality, as it can occur in various scenarios. Thus, statement C is the least accurate.

Question 13

____________________'s followers view personality as a collection of response tendencies that are shaped by learning and tied to specific stimulus situations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________'s followers view personality as a collection...

Question 14

According to Carl Rogers,people with highly ____________________ self-concepts are especially likely to be plagued by recurrent anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Carl Rogers,people with highly ____________________...

Question 15

Your friend spends money like water.When you learn that he is from a poverty-stricken background,you attribute his spending patterns to his earlier deprivation.According to the critical thinking analysis,you are likely to do this because of

Accepted Answer

The given situation is an example of hindsight bias, also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon." It refers to the tendency to think that an outcome was predictable after it has occurred, despite not predicting it in advance. In this case, the person is attributing their friend's spending patterns to their poverty-stricken background after the fact, as if they knew it would happen all along.

Question 16

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,the ____________________ needs are considered to be the most basic needs and the first priority.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,the ____________________ needs...

Question 17

The theoretical perspective emphasizing potential for growth and unique human qualities is _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theoretical perspective emphasizing potential for growth...

Question 18

The hindsight bias is also known as the ____ effect.

Accepted Answer

The hindsight bias is also known as the "I knew it all along" effect because it involves people believing, after an event has occurred, that they would have predicted or foreseen the outcome when in reality they probably would not have been able to predict it beforehand.

Question 19

Which of the following personality theorists did not emphasize the influence of childhood experiences on adult personality?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow focused more on human potential, self-actualization, and peak experiences rather than the influence of childhood experiences on adult personality.

Question 20

The Oedipal complex,of such great importance in Freud's thinking,occurs during the ____________________ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Oedipal complex,of such great importance in...

Quiz 12: Personality