Question 1

The stage of psychosexual development that runs from approximately ages three to six is

Accepted Answer

The phallic stage of psychosexual development occurs from approximately ages three to six and is characterized by the child's exploration and fascination with their own genitals, as well as their developing sense of gender identity.

Question 2

Skye is five years old,and two weeks ago her mother had a baby boy.Since her brother was brought home,Skye has insisted on drinking all her juice from baby bottles and she has started wetting her bed.According to Freud,Skye may be unconsciously dealing with her feelings toward her new brother using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Skye's behavior of drinking juice from baby bottles and wetting her bed indicate that she may be regressing to an earlier stage of development when she received similar care as her brother. Regression is a defense mechanism in which an individual reverts to an earlier stage of development or behavior under stressful circumstances.

Question 3

Hal is fearful of men who are friendly toward him,convinced that they are all homosexuals attempting to seduce him.Should it be the case that Hal is himself a latent homosexual,fearful of admitting this even to himself,we might conclude that he is using the defense mechanisms of repression and

Accepted Answer

Projection involves attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or desires onto someone else. In this case, Hal is projecting his own latent homosexuality onto other men by assuming that they must have sexual motives towards him. This defense mechanism allows him to avoid facing his own feelings by projecting them onto others.

Question 4

John worries about his tendency toward abusing animals,so he joins the Association for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.John's behavior can be viewed as an example of

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation is a defense mechanism where the individual behaves in a way that is opposite to their true desires or impulses. In this case, John's true desire may be to abuse animals, but he is behaving in a way that opposes it by joining an animal cruelty prevention group.

Question 5

The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is known as

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is that of repression. Repression is a defense mechanism that involves unconsciously pushing unwanted thoughts and emotions out of our awareness and into the unconscious. It is one of the primary mechanisms underlying the formation of unconscious content in psychoanalytic theory.

Question 6

Failure to resolve conflict at a particular stage of psychosexual development may lead to failure to move forward psychologically,a phenomenon that Freud called

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, if a child fails to resolve a conflict at a particular stage of psychosexual development, they may become fixated at that stage and struggle to move forward psychologically. This can manifest in various ways, such as being overly focused on behaviors associated with that stage or having difficulty with relationships and intimacy in adulthood.

Question 7

According to Freud,a person may become fixated at a particular psychosexual stage because of

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that fixation at a particular psychosexual stage was caused by either excessive gratification or excessive frustration of needs during that stage. This could lead to the individual becoming fixated and experiencing unresolved conflicts in later stages of development, impacting their personality and behavior. Factors such as permissiveness on the part of parents or genetic predisposition are not considered by Freud to be the primary causes of fixation. Additionally, Freud did not attribute fixation to abnormalities in brain chemistry that develop prenatally.

Question 8

Freud used the term "sexual" in his psychosexual stages of development to mean

Accepted Answer

Freud used "sexual" to refer to any pleasure-giving urge, not just genital impulses, encompassing a broader range of pleasurable activities and experiences.

Question 9

Identification of oneself with the proper gender,male or female,would occur during the

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the phallic stage (ages 3-6) is when children become aware of anatomical differences between males and females, leading to the development of gender identity and the identification with the appropriate gender. During this stage, children also experience the Oedipus and Electra complexes, which involve feelings of attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy towards the same-sex parent.

Question 10

Five-year-old Samuel often tells his older sister: "I can't wait to grow up,so I can marry mommy." Samuel is most likely in the stage of personality development that Freud referred to as the

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the phallic stage is the third stage, occurring between the ages of 3 and 6, during which the child becomes more aware of their gender and of the genitals. It is during this stage that Freud believed children experience the Oedipus complex, in which a boy develops sexual feelings toward his mother and views his father as a rival. Therefore, Samuel's statement about wanting to marry his mother is indicative of this stage of development.

Question 11

Ashley is nine years old,and it seems that every day she brings home a different friend from school.As she expands her social contacts beyond her immediate family,Ashley is showing behavior that is typical during Freud's

Accepted Answer

During Freud's latency stage (ages 6-12), children focus on developing new social relationships with peers, as well as learning new skills and knowledge. This stage is characterized by a lack of sexual interest or activity, and the emphasis is on building friendships and expanding social horizons. Ashley's behavior of regularly bringing home different friends from school is consistent with this stage of development.

Question 12

The idea that a male child desires his mother and fears his father illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The idea of a male child desiring his mother and fearing his father is a key element of the Oedipal complex, which is a psychoanalytic theory developed by Sigmund Freud. According to this theory, boys go through a stage where they experience a sexual attraction towards their mother and jealousy or hatred towards their father. This is thought to occur during the phallic stage of development, which is between the ages of 3 and 6 years old. The resolution of the Oedipal complex involves the identification with the same-sex parent and the development of a superego.

Question 13

Todd was physically abused up until the age of eight.He is now 40 years old and he has absolutely no memories of the early abuse that he experienced.According to Freud,Todd may be unconsciously dealing with the potential anxiety related to his abuse using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Repression is a defense mechanism used by the unconscious to prevent anxiety-provoking thoughts or memories from entering the conscious mind. Todd's lack of memory of the early abuse he experienced suggests that he may have repressed those memories as a way to cope with the traumatic experience.

Question 14

Jose is one of the top baseball players in his league,but last week he struck out on an easy pitch.When this happened he smashed the water cooler in the dugout with his bat.According to Freud,Jose may be unconsciously dealing with his anger at himself for striking out on an easy pitch by using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Displacement is the defense mechanism in which a person redirects their emotions, such as anger or frustration, from the original source to a less threatening or risky target. In this case, Jose may be displacing his anger at himself for striking out by smashing the water cooler, which is a less risky target than smashing his equipment or yelling at his teammates.

Question 15

Which of the following would be considered the most healthy defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is considered the most healthy defense mechanism because it involves channeling uncomfortable or unacceptable emotions or impulses into socially acceptable behaviors. This allows for the release of tension without causing harm to oneself or others. Denial and repression involve denying or suppressing the existence of a problem, which can lead to unresolved emotional or psychological issues. Regression involves reverting back to childlike behaviors, which can be detrimental to personal growth and coping mechanisms.

Question 16

Graham is a 25 years old male who is extremely anxious about any type of sexual activity.According to Freud's view of personality development,this anxiety may have arisen from

Accepted Answer

The answer of Graham is a 25 years old male...

Question 17

Vanessa bites her nails so badly that they bleed,but she can't seem to stop herself from doing this.According to Freud,Vanessa's nail biting may be evidence of fixation at the

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the oral stage of development occurs from birth to 18 months and is characterized by the primary focus on the mouth and the satisfaction of oral needs. Nail biting can be seen as an oral fixation, where the individual seeks pleasure and comfort through oral activities. Therefore, Vanessa's nail biting may be evidence of fixation at the oral stage of development.

Question 18

Which of Freud's psychosexual stages did he see as society's first systematic effort to regulate the child impulses?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, during the anal stage (ages 1-3), society's first systematic effort to regulate the child's impulses occurs through potty training. This is the first time the child is expected to exercise control over their bodily impulses and comply with social rules and expectations. Thus, the anal stage is considered the first step in the child's socialization process.

Question 19

Having a rather poor sense of self worth,Bruce attempts to make himself feel important by driving a European sports car,belonging to an exclusive tennis club,and eating at the best restaurants.Bruce may be using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Bruce is using the defense mechanism of identification, where an individual boosts their self-esteem by associating themselves with certain statuses, groups, or possessions. In this case, Bruce is trying to feel important by identifying with high-status items and groups, such as a European sports car, an exclusive tennis club, and dining at the best restaurants.

Question 20

As an adult,going back to an earlier way of gratifying needs defines

Accepted Answer

Regression refers to the act of an adult reverting to an earlier stage of development in order to gratify their needs. This may involve engaging in behaviors that were typical of childhood or adolescence, such as tantrums or thumb-sucking, in order to cope with stress or anxiety. Repression involves pushing uncomfortable thoughts or feelings out of conscious awareness, fixation refers to an inability to move past a particular stage of development, and reaction formation involves expressing the opposite of one's true feelings or desires.

Quiz 12: Personality