Question 1

Similarity of personal characteristics is influential in

Accepted Answer

The similarity of personal characteristics is influential in both romantic relationships and friendships. People tend to be more attracted to others who share similar characteristics, values, and beliefs, which can facilitate the development of strong relationships, whether they are romantic or platonic.

Question 2

Research on factors contributing to building relationships seems to support the adage

Accepted Answer

Research has found that people tend to like others who are similar to them in terms of interests, values, and attitudes. This is known as the similarity-attraction principle. Therefore, the adage "similarity breeds liking" is supported by this research.

Question 3

The idea that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners refers to the

Accepted Answer

The idea that people tend to select partners who are of similar physical attractiveness levels is known as the matching hypothesis. This theory suggests that people seek to match with someone who is similar to them in terms of physical attractiveness, since it may indicate that they are more likely to have a successful and long-lasting relationship.

Question 4

Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The given scenario describes individualism, which prioritizes personal goals, values, and achievements over group goals and values. It also emphasizes one's individual identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identity. The other options - hedonism, dispositional attributional bias, and egocentrism - do not fully capture the given scenario.

Question 5

Sally and Neil have been married for 15 years.They have an extremely warm and trusting relationship,and even though Neil frequently travels on business,Sally never worries about him seeing other women.According to Hatfield and Berscheid,Sally and Neil share

Accepted Answer

Sally and Neil's relationship is based on warmth and trust, and they have been together for 15 years. This suggests that their love is more likely to be companionate rather than passionate or consummate. Companionate love is characterized by feelings of intimacy and affection, and includes a strong emotional bond between partners. This type of love is often seen in long-term relationships where passion has given way to a deeper, more meaningful connection.

Question 6

Which of the following factors is NOT one that influences a person's initial attraction to someone else?

Accepted Answer

Attributional style is not a factor that influences a person's initial attraction to someone else. Instead, attributional style refers to how individuals explain events, behaviors, and situations. Similarity in values, attitudes, and physical attractiveness are all known factors that can contribute to initial attraction.

Question 7

Nicole is a 30-year-old lawyer who holds very conservative views.She always votes the straight Republican ticket in every election.At a New Year's Eve party she meets Frank who is also a 30-year-old lawyer,but who holds very liberal views.He tells Nicole that he would never think of voting for a Republican candidate.Based on the research by Rosenbaum,you should predict that Nicole will

Accepted Answer

Rosenbaum's research suggests that people are more likely to dislike others who hold opposing views, especially on significant issues like politics.

Question 8

Whenever Scott sees Diana he can feel his heart start to pound with excitement.Even though Scott and Diana have only dated a few times,Scott often becomes jealous when Diana talks to other men.He also finds he can't get her out of his mind when they are apart.According to Hatfield and Berscheid,Scott is experiencing

Accepted Answer

The description of Scott's feelings, such as his pounding heart, jealousy, and inability to stop thinking about Diana when they are apart, all suggest the intensity and infatuation associated with passionate love. This type of love is characterized by strong emotions and physical attraction, and is often experienced in the early stages of a romantic relationship.

Question 9

According to the romantic love as an attachment perspective,one's intimate relationships in adulthood follow the same form as one's attachments first formed

Accepted Answer

According to the romantic love as an attachment perspective, adult intimate relationships are shaped by the same attachment patterns that were first established with caregivers in infancy. This theory suggests that the quality of early attachment relationships influences the way individuals experience and form relationships later in life.

Question 10

The person who would be most likely to engage in defensive attributions would be one who

Accepted Answer

People who believe that the world is just and fair are more likely to engage in defensive attributions because they have a need to believe that bad things happen to other people because of their own actions or character flaws, rather than due to chance or external forces. This helps maintain their belief in a just world and protects their sense of security in the face of potential threats.

Question 11

Steve and Stacey have been a couple for several years.Their love is characterized by warm feelings and affection.They enjoy spending time together and describe themselves as lovers and friends.Steve and Stacey's love is best described as

Accepted Answer

Companionate love is characterized by feelings of deep attachment and affection. It often develops over time as a couple spends more time together, and can be described as a combination of romantic love and close friendship. Steve and Stacey's description of their love as being characterized by warmth and friendship suggests that their love is best described as companionate.

Question 12

Putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the group is called

Accepted Answer

The behavior described is characteristic of collectivism, where individuals prioritize the goals and needs of the group over their own personal goals and identities. This is in contrast to individualism, where personal goals and identities are prioritized over group goals. Functionalism and attributionism are not relevant concepts in this context.

Question 13

Romantic relationships characterized by a couple's complete absorption in one another,and that include strong emotions and tender sexual feelings are termed

Accepted Answer

Passionate love is characterized by a high degree of emotional intensity, strong sexual attraction, and a sense of euphoria when the couple is together. It often involves an intense longing for physical closeness and a desire to spend as much time as possible with the other person. This type of love is commonly associated with the early stages of a romantic relationship, where the couple is completely absorbed in one another and unable to think of anything else.

Question 14

Joe has been calling Jill each evening and talking with her everyday at lunch,but now he is deeply despondent because she is out of town.Joe is in the throes of

Accepted Answer

Joe's behavior of calling Jill each evening and talking with her everyday at lunch suggests a strong emotional and physical attraction towards her. His current state of being deeply despondent when she is out of town reflects the intense feeling of passion and longing associated with passionate love. Therefore, option D - passionate love - is the best choice.

Question 15

Although physical attractiveness strongly influences interpersonal attraction,many individuals of average and below average attractiveness are involved in long-term relationships.This apparent paradox is BEST explained by the

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis suggests that people are attracted to others who are similar in their level of physical attractiveness. Therefore, individuals who are not conventionally attractive may still find partners who are similarly attractive to them, leading to long-term relationships.

Question 16

Leslie tends to engage in sex to reduce her feelings of insecurity and to enhance the closeness of her relationship Most likely Leslie has ____ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

Leslie's tendency to use sex as a means to reduce insecurity and enhance closeness suggests that she has an anxious-ambivalent attachment style. Individuals with this attachment style often experience a great deal of anxiety about the stability of their relationships and seek reassurance through physical and emotional intimacy.

Question 17

In the research on romantic attraction which of the following did researchers discover to be the key determinant of a person's initial attraction to someone else?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that physical attractiveness is the key determinant of a person's initial attraction to someone else. This phenomenon is known as the "halo effect," where we tend to associate physical beauty with positive qualities such as intelligence, kindness, and competence, even when there is no evidence to support such beliefs. While similarity, reciprocity, and attributional style may play a role in the development of romantic relationships, they are not typically the primary factors that lead to initial attraction.

Question 18

Compared with attractive people,less attractive people

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that less attractive people tend to place less emphasis on the importance of physical attractiveness in choosing a partner, and may prioritize other qualities such as personality and compatibility. They are not necessarily deluding themselves into thinking their partners are more attractive than they really are or trying to date people who are much more attractive than themselves.

Question 19

Carissa was born and raised in Peru; Olga was born and raised in the Netherlands.Based on evidence from cross-cultural studies comparing individualistic and collectivist cultures,Carissa is likely to be

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carissa was born and raised in Peru;...

Question 20

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that people are more likely to be attracted to someone with similar attitudes. This is because attitudes can provide a basis for shared values and interests, leading to greater compatibility and chances for a successful relationship.

Quiz 13: Social Behavior