Question 1

_____ in water helps to prevent dental problems.

Accepted Answer

Fluoride in water helps to prevent dental problems by strengthening the enamel on teeth and reducing the risk of tooth decay. Calcium and minerals are also important for dental health, but they do not specifically prevent dental problems like fluoride does. B vitamins do not have a direct impact on dental health.

Question 2

Researchers are currently investigating the potential link between _____ and higher rates of autism in children over the past 10-15 years.

Accepted Answer

Ethyl mercury is a type of mercury used in certain vaccines and has been suggested as a possible contributing factor to the increase in autism rates. While there is no concrete evidence to support this theory, research is ongoing in this area. Calcium, potassium chloride, and some antibiotics have not been linked to increases in autism rates.

Question 3

Healthy workplace programs are also called

Accepted Answer

The answer of Healthy workplace programs are also called
...

Question 4

Herbert Heinrich introduced the concept of

Accepted Answer

Herbert Heinrich introduced the concept of behavioral safety, which emphasizes the importance of addressing employee behavior and safety culture to prevent accidents and injuries in the workplace. The other choices are not related to Heinrich's concept.

Question 5

_____ demonstrated that psychologists could contribute to efforts to improve employees' safe behavior in the workplace.

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner, known for his work in behaviorism, demonstrated that reinforcement and behavior modification techniques could be applied to improve safe behavior in the workplace.

Question 6

The ban on _____ is an example of a health policy regulation initiated to reduce the incidences of smoking and its health compromises for individuals.

Accepted Answer

The ban on smoking on U.S. domestic air flights is a health policy regulation that was initiated to reduce the incidence of smoking and its health compromises for individuals by preventing exposure to second-hand smoke in the confined space of an airplane cabin.

Question 7

Health issues of interest to community health advocates include

Accepted Answer

The answer of Health issues of interest to community health...

Question 8

Between 1980 and 1994, the state of _____ saw its rates of diagnosed cases of autism increase by approximately 370%.

Accepted Answer

According to various sources, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), California saw a substantial increase in diagnosed cases of autism between 1980 and 1994, with rates increasing by approximately 370%. The other states listed may have also seen increases in rates of diagnosed cases of autism, but not to the same extent as California during this time period.

Question 9

Lowe's et al.'s (2005) research is important to the field of health psychology because it suggests that _____ factors are critical to explaining health care-seeking behaviors of individuals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lowe's et al.'s (2005) research is important...

Question 10

The U.S.Office of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Office of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for identifying potential and specific job hazards. OSHA promotes workplace safety and health by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance. OSHA does not provide health care or assess worker compliance with health policies, nor does it conduct surveys on workplace satisfaction.

Question 11

Researchers suggest that the most likely reason for the dramatic increase in rates of autism is due to

Accepted Answer

The increase in rates of autism is most likely due to the broader diagnostic criteria and better detection of early indicators of autism. As awareness of autism increases and more individuals are screened and diagnosed, the rates of autism appear to be rising, but this is likely due to improved detection and diagnosis rather than an actual increase in the prevalence of the disorder.

Question 12

According to Lowe et al.(2005), physicians who allocated less than _____ hours per week for evening appointments were more likely to have patients who sought medical care from hospital emergency departments.

Accepted Answer

According to Lowe et al.(2005), physicians who allocated less than 12 hours per week for evening appointments were more likely to have patients who sought medical care from hospital emergency departments.

Question 13

Which of the following factors does NOT appear to influence an individual's decision to seek health care

Accepted Answer

The number of health care providers in a community can influence an individual's access to health care, but it does not appear to be a major factor in their decision to seek care. Individual factors such as perception of the severity of their symptoms, cultural beliefs, and past experiences with health care may play a larger role in their decision-making process. Family and community factors, as well as the quality and accessibility of health care systems, can also influence an individual's decision to seek care.

Question 14

In 2006, the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics reported approximately _____ workplace fatalities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 2006, the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics...

Question 15

DeVoe's (2009) hypothetical scenario of access to education being regulated in the same manner as access to health care illustrates

Accepted Answer

DeVoe's scenario is meant to highlight the issues with access to health care in the U.S. by drawing a parallel with how problematic it would be if education were regulated similarly.

Question 16

Studies on workplace safety have determined that workplace hazards are generally caused by

Accepted Answer

Several studies have shown that workplace hazards are mainly caused by poor safety guidelines or a lack of safety measures in the environment. This could include things like poor lighting, inadequate ventilation, or unsafe machinery. While worker behavior can contribute to workplace hazards, it is usually the result of a lack of proper training or insufficient safety protocols, both of which fall under the management team's responsibility. While governmental regulations may seem burdensome, they exist to protect workers and ensure a safe working environment, so they are not a cause of workplace hazards.

Question 17

Industrial/organizational (I/O) behavior is a new discipline in psychology developed to identify and test strategies that

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational behavior focuses on understanding and improving workplace behaviors and performance. Motivating employees to adopt and maintain desired work-related behaviors is a key aspect of this discipline. While educating employees on workplace hazards and ensuring they follow hazard prevention protocols are important, these fall more squarely within the domain of occupational safety and health. Including employee input to make the workplace environment safer is an important consideration, but it is not the primary focus of I/O behavior.

Question 18

_____ is a process by which individuals and animals learn to perform a specific behavior by the gradual shaping of their behavior.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves the gradual shaping of behavior through positive or negative reinforcement, meaning behaviors are either encouraged or discouraged based on the consequences that follow. This is different from classical conditioning, which involves pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a learned or conditioned response. Punishment is a consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again, but it is not necessarily a part of operant conditioning on its own. Reinforcement conditioning is not a recognized term.

Question 19

Some parents have raised concerns about the ___ vaccine increasing the risk of autism in young children.

Accepted Answer

Some parents have raised concerns about the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine increasing the risk of autism in young children, even though multiple studies have found no link between the two. The other vaccines listed (Gardasil, Varicella, and Tetanus) have not been linked to autism concerns in children.

Question 20

A study conducted by Lowe et al.(2005) found that all but one of the following factors influenced an individual's likelihood of seeking care from someone other than their primary care physician:

Accepted Answer

The study found that patient volume, availability of evening appointments, and range of medical services did have a significant influence on an individual's likelihood to seek care from someone other than their primary care physician. However, the training experience of the physician did not have a significant influence.

Quiz 13: The Health Psychologists Role: Research, Application, and Advocacy