Question 1

Which of the following adults has transitioned to Erikson's intimacy versus isolation and loneliness stage of development?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's intimacy versus isolation and loneliness stage of development involves reciprocal expressions of affection and trust.Promiscuous behavior and shallow relationships, as is suggested by choice "A" is not characteristic of this stage of development.Choice "B" which depicts a person who seeks closeness to no one would also not be consistent with this stage of development.It is not relevant as to whether he seeks intimacy in same sex or opposite sex relationships.The text does reference relationships with parents, children, and friends but Erickson had made no mention of pets in his theory.The young couple in a stable relationship who has chosen not to marry would meet the criteria.Marriage is not an essential component for intimacy.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is correct concerning young adults in the workforce?

Accepted Answer

Employment is more than a source of income; it provides self-esteem and social interaction.There is concern that even with better job prospects, this young adult population will be behind in wages for years and may impact overall lifetime earnings.Younger hires may start at lower salaries and begin their employed years with firms who pay less or have less potential for advancement.The nature of work is changing with a continued trend toward longer hours.Women experience as much, and sometimes more, stress than do men because of child care issues.Women who return to work when their children are very young frequently risk the emotional strain caused by guilt feelings and role strain.

Question 3

A nurse volunteered to work at a natural disaster site.Which of the following questions should the nurse ask to determine if the 26-year-old individual, being screened for depression, has suicide ideation?

Accepted Answer

If the health care provider becomes more concerned that the young adult may be at risk for suicide, the following two questions may be asked: "What thoughts have you had about hurting yourself or even killing yourself?" To question further the nurse can ask, "Have you actually done anything to hurt yourself?" Even with education of the public and health care providers about the incidence of suicide in the young adult population, suicide continues to be a major health problem and annual rates, especially for young men, remain high.Direct questioning about the intent to harm oneself is appropriate for the nurse to ask during screening/counseling sessions.

Question 4

The nurse working at the college health center is asked about tanning.Which of the following statements is correct concerning sun exposure?

Accepted Answer

Sun-blocking agents reduce sunburn or other skin damage with the goal of lowering the risk of skin cancer.A number of the agents are rated based on skin type and sensitivity to burning.Many lotions and creams are available with differing radiation protection levels.Young adults should avoid sunbathing during the 2-h period before and after noon, because two thirds of the day's ultraviolet light comes through the earth's atmosphere during this time.Best protection is achieved by applying agents 15 to 30 minutes before exposure, and then reapplying every 15 to 30 minutes during exposure to the sun.Further application may be necessary if activities involve swimming, sweating, or rubbing of skin.The most effective skin cancer prevention activities for young adults include primary care counseling, sun protection, and avoidance of tanning beds.

Question 5

A nurse is counseling a 23-year-old woman about hormone-containing (estrogen or estrogen/progestin) contraceptive methods: oral, transdermal, injectable, vaginal ring, and implant methods.Which of the following risks of using these methods should be stressed by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Blood clots are a potential risk with estrogen containing contraceptive methods.Ectopic pregnancy or heavy menses is a possible complication of some IUDs.Toxic shock syndrome may occur with use of a diaphragm.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct concerning health services and health delivery system?

Accepted Answer

Young adults have the least outpatient visits.Young adults aged 18 to 24 years are the least likely of any age group to have a usual source of care.The Affordable Health Care for All Americans Act passed in 2010 mandates coverage for young adults up to the age of 26 within family health insurance coverage.It is necessary to screen for cardiovascular conditions after the age of 25 as well as provide education about risk factor modification.Young adults are not exempt from requirements for coverage under the affordable care act although they may be covered to age 26 under their parent's policies.They have the highest rates of ER visits and less outpatient healthcare visits.

Question 7

The nurse working in the college health center is planning a program about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).Which of the following information should the nurse include in the program?

Accepted Answer

Many cases are unreported and untreated for lack of screening or failure to recognize symptoms.Many young adults do not understand that STDs can be transmitted from oral and anal sex, not just vaginal intercourse.STDs are the most common infection in persons aged 15 to 24.A person may have multiple STDs.STDs are generally unreported and not treated.Untreated HPV infection is a risk factor for up to 99% of invasive cervical cancers and early recognition of HPV infection has decreased cervical cancer incidence and mortality by 70%.The presence of multiple STDs increases the risk of HIV infection.

Question 8

Which of the following young adults exemplifies Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg identifies this ability as the postconventional level of moral reasoning.During this phase, the individual is able to differentiate the self from the rules and expectations of others and to define principles regarding rights in terms of self-chosen principles.The interests of individuals can be weighed against the needs of society and the state, and violations of law can be justified when individual interests are in accord with principles.Choice "C" depicts a woman doing something for the benefit of society versus herself.Such action would be consistent with Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning.All of the other individuals presented-choices, A, B, and D-depict individuals acting for their own benefit or for that of a close friend.Benefit to society is not involved in these scenarios.

Question 9

Which of the following reflects Piaget's theory as applied to young adults?

Accepted Answer

Young adult thought becomes more perceptive and insightful; issues can therefore be evaluated realistically and objectively.Young adults are energetic and can therefore contribute substantially to social and occupational decision-making.Although they tend to take greater risks, young adults typically demonstrate the use of appropriate reasoning, anticipation, and analytical approaches.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is correct concerning aerobic exercise for young adults?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise, in which oxygen is metabolized to produce energy, develops an optimally functioning cardiorespiratory system.Aerobic conditioning achieves cardiovascular fitness through five periods of moderately intense exercise weekly for about 30 minutes or more.Young adults are encouraged to engage in fitness activities that increase the heart rate to approximately 150 or more beats per minute.After 5 minutes of activity at this rate, the body is required to make adjustments in cardiovascular capacity by enlarging the lungs and the capillaries in the muscles and the heart.Muscle-strengthening activities should also be stressed.

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios is outcome for the dissolution of families or divorce in young adults?

Accepted Answer

As a result of the dissolution of families or divorce, many women and their young children are forced to seek emergency shelter in publicly operated homes, including welfare hotels and group shelters.The nurse recommends marital counseling by a qualified professional; this may be the most beneficial source of support.Church membership is on the decline throughout the country.Marital counseling is recommended for this age group of individuals.

Question 12

The university health services nurse is preparing a disease prevention program for college students.Which of the following information should the nurse include in the program?

Accepted Answer

Most outbreaks of meningococcal disease are sporadic; however, young adults living in college/university dormitories or crowded conditions may be more susceptible than young adults not living in close settings.Although meningococci are sensitive to penicillin and many antibiotics, the case fatality rate is high in otherwise healthy adults, and many survivors may have residual neurological disabilities.Most susceptible are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated college freshmen living in dormitories, or military recruits, who have a higher case ratio.Although most outbreaks of meningococcal disease are sporadic, young adults living in dormitories or crowded conditions may be more susceptible than young adults not living in close settings.Meningococcal disease has a high mortality rate.It is caused by a bacterium, not a virus, and antibiotics to treat the disease are readily available.A preventive vaccine is available.

Question 13

A nurse is planning a community health-education program for young adults.Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

The young adult period encompasses the ages from 18 to 35 years, a time that spans from the end of adolescence to the beginning of middle adulthood.Healthy People 2020 states that 72% of all deaths among children and young adults are due to injuries.In 2014, approximately 20.5% of the American population was composed of adults ages 20 to 34.The young adult population aged 18 to 24 is projected to be approximately 9.13% of the general population by the year 2020 and 8.34% by the year 2035.In 2007 the maternal mortality rate was much higher, 12.7 per 100,000 live births.In summary, injury is the primary cause of death, the number of young adults is declining and maternal mortality is increasing.

Question 14

A 32-year-old woman visits the occupational health nurse because of malaise.Which of the following assessment data indicates that the client may be experiencing achievement-oriented stress?

Accepted Answer

Achievement-oriented stress is characterized by lack of sleep, skipping meals, and workaholic habits.It differs from situational stress, which would be caused by changes in job function for example.

Question 15

A 19-year-old college student is seen by the health services nurse.The young woman is distraught that she had unprotected sex 4 days ago and is afraid she may have become pregnant.Which of the following statements should be made by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Emergency contraception (EC) can reduce the number of unintended pregnancies.In 2010, 81% of family planning clinics offered emergency contraception and the Healthy People 2020 target is 87.7%, a 10% improvement.There is a generic two-dose form, Next Choice, and a one-dose form, Plan B One-Step.The FDA approved over the counter use for women of all ages reporting that Plan B One-Step is safe and effective.In the United States, progestin-only emergency contraception is available on the shelf without any age restriction.Emergency contraception must be started within three days of unprotected sex; it works by either altering tubal transport of either sperm or ova, or inhibiting implantation.It will not terminate an existing pregnancy and it does not provide protection against STDs.Plan B is sold without age restriction.Emergency contraception does not terminate an existing pregnancy.Emergency contraception must be started within 3 days of unprotected intercourse.Pregnancy and childbirth are not inevitable outcomes for this woman.

Question 16

Which of the following circumstances accounts for one of the leading cause of death in young adults?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol-related accidents among individuals ages 15 to 24 continue to be a leading cause of preventable morbidity, disability, and death.Heavy alcohol use, that is, consuming five or more drinks on at least one occasion within a month, is more common in 18 to 24 year olds than it is for younger or older adults.

Question 17

A 26-year-old care recipient has a total cholesterol of 206 mg/dL and an LDL of 110.Which of the following conclusions can be drawn by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular assessment of the young adult includes determining the presence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, chest pain, or heart disease.This care recipient has elevated cholesterol levels and requires additional education about risk factors that may lead to cardiac disease.The Healthy People 2020 target is to reduce the mean total blood cholesterol levels among adults to 177.9 mg/dL.A diagnosis of heart disease cannot be made on the basis of these lab values.

Question 18

A nurse is working in the community to prevent bicycle and motorcycle fatalities.Which of the following measures would be most effective for the nurse to promote?

Accepted Answer

Cyclists are at risk of being involved in accidents with automobiles.Head injury is responsible for many bicycle-related fatalities.In 2013, 19 states had mandatory helmet requirements for riders under 15 years of age.Bicycle helmets are believed to be the single most effective preventive measure available to decrease the incidence of brain and head injury.Using a motorcycle helmet reduces the chance of dying in an accident.

Question 19

A nurse is completing a health counseling session with a 25-year-old woman.Which of the following statements should be made by the nurse during this session?

Accepted Answer

Screening is strongly recommended for cervical cancer in women who have been sexually active (Papanicolaou [Pap] smears).The incidence of carcinoma in situ is high in young adults.It does not screen for ovarian cancer.The US Preventative Services Task Force recommends against teaching breast self-examination and concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harm of clinical breast examination beyond screening mammography for women 40 and older.After age 25, the preventive emphasis is on modifying coronary disease risk factors, which would be accomplished by discussing activity and weight control.Accordingly, choice "D" would be correct.

Question 20

The public health nurse is conducting a screening of young adults for metabolic syndrome.When asked about the syndrome, which of the following responses should be made by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

The metabolic syndrome includes a group of cardiovascular risk factors associated with overweight and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity.This syndrome includes the lethal risks of high lipid levels, insulin resistance, and hypertension.Many studies have demonstrated that hyperlipidemia and hypertension in young adults is directly related to later cardiovascular disease.A prominent sign of metabolic syndrome is central or waist-centered obesity.Currently, at least one fifth of US adults are estimated to have this combination of metabolic risk factors and the prevalence increases with age.First-step therapy involves lifestyle alterations, including weight management and increase in physical activity.Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when a person has high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar.A person with this syndrome is at risk for coronary artery disease.Lifestyle changes are tried before medication is used.

Quiz 22: Young Adult