Question 1

The nurse is teaching a class at a local community center about decreasing risk factors for cancer. Which risk factors should the nurse include in the teaching regarding leukemia? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)A higher incidence of leukemia is associated with chromosomal defects such as Bloom syndrome, exposure to infectious agents, and cigarette smoking. Low-fat diets are not a risk factor for leukemia, and neither is lack of exercise.
B)A higher incidence of leukemia associated with chromosomal defects such as Bloom syndrome, exposure to infectious agents, and chemical agents used to treat previous cancer, such as alkylating agents. Low-fat diets are not a risk factor for leukemia, and neither is lack of exercise.
C)A higher incidence of leukemia is associated with chromosomal defects such as Bloom syndrome, exposure to infectious agents, and cigarette smoking. Low-fat diets are not a risk factor for leukemia, and neither is lack of exercise.
D)A higher incidence of leukemia is associated with chromosomal defects such as Bloom syndrome, exposure to infectious agents, and cigarette smoking. Low-fat diets are not a risk factor for leukemia, and neither is lack of exercise.
E)A higher incidence of leukemia is associated with chromosomal defects such as Bloom syndrome, exposure to infectious agents, and cigarette smoking. Low-fat diets are not a risk factor for leukemia, and neither is lack of exercise.

Question 2

A nurse working in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)is caring for a child with leukemia. What is the most common type of leukemia in children?

Accepted Answer

A)Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in children and adolescents. The other choices are also types of leukemia, but these types of leukemia are more common in adults and are not common in children.
B)Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in children and adolescents. The other choices are also types of leukemia, but these types of leukemia are more common in adults and are not common in children.
C)Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in children and adolescents. The other choices are also types of leukemia, but these types of leukemia are more common in adults and are not common in children.
D)Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in children and adolescents. The other choices are also types of leukemia, but these types of leukemia are more common in adults and are not common in children.

Question 3

The nurse is assisting the healthcare provider with a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy on a client who has leukemia. The client also has thrombocytopenia. Upon completing the test, which intervention is a priority for the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)The most important task for the nurse is to prevent bleeding after the biopsy. Holding pressure on the wound for 5 minutes is effective. Dealing with the specimen is accomplished by a third party or after the nurse stabilizes the client. An explanation of the test is performed before the procedure is begun. Cleaning the area is completed after the client is stable and the specimen is sent to the laboratory.
B)The most important task for the nurse is to prevent bleeding after the biopsy. Holding pressure on the wound for 5 minutes is effective. Dealing with the specimen is accomplished by a third party or after the nurse stabilizes the client. An explanation of the test is performed before the procedure is begun. Cleaning the area is completed after the client is stable and the specimen is sent to the laboratory.
C)The most important task for the nurse is to prevent bleeding after the biopsy. Holding pressure on the wound for 5 minutes is effective. Dealing with the specimen is accomplished by a third party or after the nurse stabilizes the client. An explanation of the test is performed before the procedure is begun. Cleaning the area is completed after the client is stable and the specimen is sent to the laboratory.
D)The most important task for the nurse is to prevent bleeding after the biopsy. Holding pressure on the wound for 5 minutes is effective. Dealing with the specimen is accomplished by a third party or after the nurse stabilizes the client. An explanation of the test is performed before the procedure is begun. Cleaning the area is completed after the client is stable and the specimen is sent to the laboratory.

Question 4

Which individuals are more likely to develop lung cancer without a history of smoking?

Accepted Answer

A)Although incidence does increase with age, age is not a risk factor for lung cancer in nonsmokers. Instead, individuals with a genetic abnormality on chromosome 6 are more likely to develop lung cancer regardless of their smoking history.
B)Although incidence does increase with age, age is not a risk factor for lung cancer in nonsmokers. Instead, individuals with a genetic abnormality on chromosome 6 are more likely to develop lung cancer regardless of their smoking history.
C)Although incidence does increase with age, age is not a risk factor for lung cancer in nonsmokers. Instead, individuals with a genetic abnormality on chromosome 6 are more likely to develop lung cancer regardless of their smoking history.
D)Although incidence does increase with age, age is not a risk factor for lung cancer in nonsmokers. Instead, individuals with a genetic abnormality on chromosome 6 are more likely to develop lung cancer regardless of their smoking history.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing diagnostic tests to rule out lung cancer. The client asks the nurse why a computed tomography (CT)scan was ordered. What is the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)Computed tomography (CT)is used to evaluate and localize tumors, particularly tumors in the lung parenchyma and pleura. It also is done before needle biopsy to localize the tumor. In addition, CT scanning can detect distant tumor metastasis and evaluate tumor response to treatment. A chest x-ray can be used to diagnose pneumonia. The client's question is valid and should not be minimized by asking why the client is having concerns about the test.
B)Computed tomography (CT)is used to evaluate and localize tumors, particularly tumors in the lung parenchyma and pleura. It also is done before needle biopsy to localize the tumor. In addition, CT scanning can detect distant tumor metastasis and evaluate tumor response to treatment. A chest x-ray can be used to diagnose pneumonia. The client's question is valid and should not be minimized by asking why the client is having concerns about the test.
C)Computed tomography (CT)is used to evaluate and localize tumors, particularly tumors in the lung parenchyma and pleura. It also is done before needle biopsy to localize the tumor. In addition, CT scanning can detect distant tumor metastasis and evaluate tumor response to treatment. A chest x-ray can be used to diagnose pneumonia. The client's question is valid and should not be minimized by asking why the client is having concerns about the test.
D)Computed tomography (CT)is used to evaluate and localize tumors, particularly tumors in the lung parenchyma and pleura. It also is done before needle biopsy to localize the tumor. In addition, CT scanning can detect distant tumor metastasis and evaluate tumor response to treatment. A chest x-ray can be used to diagnose pneumonia. The client's question is valid and should not be minimized by asking why the client is having concerns about the test.

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a client in a community clinic who wishes to quit smoking. The client asks the nurse, "If I quit smoking, will my risk of lung cancer be the same as a nonsmoker?" Which is the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)While the client's risk for lung cancer will diminish sharply upon quitting smoking, it will not drop to the level of someone who never smoked. The risk for someone who quits is known to be dramatically less than for someone who continues to smoke. Another factor when calculating risk is the client's exposure to secondhand smoke, which also increases risk.
B)While the client's risk for lung cancer will diminish sharply upon quitting smoking, it will not drop to the level of someone who never smoked. The risk for someone who quits is known to be dramatically less than for someone who continues to smoke. Another factor when calculating risk is the client's exposure to secondhand smoke, which also increases risk.
C)While the client's risk for lung cancer will diminish sharply upon quitting smoking, it will not drop to the level of someone who never smoked. The risk for someone who quits is known to be dramatically less than for someone who continues to smoke. Another factor when calculating risk is the client's exposure to secondhand smoke, which also increases risk.
D)While the client's risk for lung cancer will diminish sharply upon quitting smoking, it will not drop to the level of someone who never smoked. The risk for someone who quits is known to be dramatically less than for someone who continues to smoke. Another factor when calculating risk is the client's exposure to secondhand smoke, which also increases risk.

Question 7

A young school-age boy is admitted with newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia. The multidisciplinary team is meeting to plan care for this child and family. Which statement by the parents should receive priority in the nursing planning process?

Accepted Answer

A)Dislodging the central line is an imminent, potentially life-threatening concern. Financial worries, although a significant concern, would not take precedence over a potentially life-threatening concern. Questions about travel and other family matters should be addressed, but they are not acute issues. The impact of the illness on the client's brother is a realistic concern, but not acute or life-threatening.
B)Dislodging the central line is an imminent, potentially life-threatening concern. Financial worries, although a significant concern, would not take precedence over a potentially life-threatening concern. Questions about travel and other family matters should be addressed, but they are not acute issues. The impact of the illness on the client's brother is a realistic concern, but not acute or life-threatening.
C)Dislodging the central line is an imminent, potentially life-threatening concern. Financial worries, although a significant concern, would not take precedence over a potentially life-threatening concern. Questions about travel and other family matters should be addressed, but they are not acute issues. The impact of the illness on the client's brother is a realistic concern, but not acute or life-threatening.
D)Dislodging the central line is an imminent, potentially life-threatening concern. Financial worries, although a significant concern, would not take precedence over a potentially life-threatening concern. Questions about travel and other family matters should be addressed, but they are not acute issues. The impact of the illness on the client's brother is a realistic concern, but not acute or life-threatening.

Question 8

An adult client reports to the nurse an inability to tolerate usual exercise and the feeling of fatigue. The client states that these symptoms have been gradual over time. Which physical assessment findings, along with the client's verbal complaints, would indicate chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)The symptoms for CLL are insidious and occur over time, affecting older adults. The client may exhibit splenomegaly, pallor, edema, and lymphadenopathy. Bone and joint pain with abnormal bleeding are characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which also occurs in older clients.
B)The symptoms for CLL are insidious and occur over time, affecting older adults. The client may exhibit splenomegaly, pallor, edema, and lymphadenopathy. Bone and joint pain with abnormal bleeding are characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which also occurs in older clients.
C)The symptoms for CLL are insidious and occur over time, affecting older adults. The client may exhibit splenomegaly, pallor, edema, and lymphadenopathy. Bone and joint pain with abnormal bleeding are characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which also occurs in older clients.
D)The symptoms for CLL are insidious and occur over time, affecting older adults. The client may exhibit splenomegaly, pallor, edema, and lymphadenopathy. Bone and joint pain with abnormal bleeding are characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which also occurs in older clients.
E)The symptoms for CLL are insidious and occur over time, affecting older adults. The client may exhibit splenomegaly, pallor, edema, and lymphadenopathy. Bone and joint pain with abnormal bleeding are characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which also occurs in older clients.

Question 9

The nurse is planning care for a client with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Which diagnoses are priorities for this client to minimize the risk of complications associated with AML? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)AML results in neutropenia (decreased neutrophils = risk of infection)and thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets, which leads to increased risk of bleeding). Therefore, actions to minimize these risks are priorities when caring for clients with AML. Unlike clients with other types of leukemia, the client with AML does not have a problem with fluid shifts, edema, heat intolerance, or weight loss that would require nursing intervention.
B)AML results in neutropenia (decreased neutrophils = risk of infection)and thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets, which leads to increased risk of bleeding). Therefore, actions to minimize these risks are priorities when caring for clients with AML. Unlike clients with other types of leukemia, the client with AML does not have a problem with fluid shifts, edema, heat intolerance, or weight loss that would require nursing intervention.
C)AML results in neutropenia (decreased neutrophils = risk of infection)and thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets, which leads to increased risk of bleeding). Therefore, actions to minimize these risks are priorities when caring for clients with AML. Unlike clients with other types of leukemia, the client with AML does not have a problem with fluid shifts, edema, heat intolerance, or weight loss that would require nursing intervention.
D)AML results in neutropenia (decreased neutrophils = risk of infection)and thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets, which leads to increased risk of bleeding). Therefore, actions to minimize these risks are priorities when caring for clients with AML. Unlike clients with other types of leukemia, the client with AML does not have a problem with fluid shifts, edema, heat intolerance, or weight loss that would require nursing intervention.
E)AML results in neutropenia (decreased neutrophils = risk of infection)and thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets, which leads to increased risk of bleeding). Therefore, actions to minimize these risks are priorities when caring for clients with AML. Unlike clients with other types of leukemia, the client with AML does not have a problem with fluid shifts, edema, heat intolerance, or weight loss that would require nursing intervention.

Question 10

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)who is neutropenic. Which interventions will the nurse implement to ensure this client's safety? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)A client who is neutropenic has a decrease in the level of white blood cells (WBCs)and is susceptible to infection and/or disease. To ensure the safety of the client with neutropenia, the nurse will teach the client to maintain good personal hygiene, administer granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)as ordered, and administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic as ordered. The client should be taught to eat a diet high in protein, not low in protein.
B)A client who is neutropenic has a decrease in the level of white blood cells (WBCs)and is susceptible to infection and/or disease. To ensure the safety of the client with neutropenia, the nurse will teach the client to maintain good personal hygiene, administer granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)as ordered, and administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic as ordered. The client should be taught to eat a diet high in protein, not low in protein.
C)A client who is neutropenic has a decrease in the level of white blood cells (WBCs)and is susceptible to infection and/or disease. To ensure the safety of the client with neutropenia, the nurse will teach the client to maintain good personal hygiene, administer granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)as ordered, and administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic as ordered. The client should be taught to eat a diet high in protein, not low in protein.
D)A client who is neutropenic has a decrease in the level of white blood cells (WBCs)and is susceptible to infection and/or disease. To ensure the safety of the client with neutropenia, the nurse will teach the client to maintain good personal hygiene, administer granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)as ordered, and administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic as ordered. The client should be taught to eat a diet high in protein, not low in protein.
E)A client who is neutropenic has a decrease in the level of white blood cells (WBCs)and is susceptible to infection and/or disease. To ensure the safety of the client with neutropenia, the nurse will teach the client to maintain good personal hygiene, administer granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)as ordered, and administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic as ordered. The client should be taught to eat a diet high in protein, not low in protein.

Question 11

The nurse is assessing an older adult client recently diagnosed with colorectal cancer. What information is important for the nurse to ask for when completing the geriatric assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)The geriatric assessment should evaluate the patient's functional status, physical performance, comorbidities, polypharmacy, nutritional status, cognitive function, emotional function, and social support. Asking for a complete list of all medications and supplements the client is currently taking will help assess polypharmacy. The client may not have a food diary for the past month unless specifically asked to record all food intake. A past history of gastrointestinal disorders is not as important as current comorbidities. Although information related to social support is important, the nurse does not need the names, addresses, and birthdates of the client's children.
B)The geriatric assessment should evaluate the patient's functional status, physical performance, comorbidities, polypharmacy, nutritional status, cognitive function, emotional function, and social support. Asking for a complete list of all medications and supplements the client is currently taking will help assess polypharmacy. The client may not have a food diary for the past month unless specifically asked to record all food intake. A past history of gastrointestinal disorders is not as important as current comorbidities. Although information related to social support is important, the nurse does not need the names, addresses, and birthdates of the client's children.
C)The geriatric assessment should evaluate the patient's functional status, physical performance, comorbidities, polypharmacy, nutritional status, cognitive function, emotional function, and social support. Asking for a complete list of all medications and supplements the client is currently taking will help assess polypharmacy. The client may not have a food diary for the past month unless specifically asked to record all food intake. A past history of gastrointestinal disorders is not as important as current comorbidities. Although information related to social support is important, the nurse does not need the names, addresses, and birthdates of the client's children.
D)The geriatric assessment should evaluate the patient's functional status, physical performance, comorbidities, polypharmacy, nutritional status, cognitive function, emotional function, and social support. Asking for a complete list of all medications and supplements the client is currently taking will help assess polypharmacy. The client may not have a food diary for the past month unless specifically asked to record all food intake. A past history of gastrointestinal disorders is not as important as current comorbidities. Although information related to social support is important, the nurse does not need the names, addresses, and birthdates of the client's children.

Question 12

A pediatric nurse is caring for a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). When providing education to the child's parents regarding this disease, which topics should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)is the most common type of leukemia among children and adolescents. Most cases of ALL result from the malignant transformation of B cells. The onset of ALL is usually acute and rapid. Malignant lymphocytes are immature and do not function effectively to maintain immunity. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)is characterized by abnormal proliferation of all bone marrow elements.
B)Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)is the most common type of leukemia among children and adolescents. Most cases of ALL result from the malignant transformation of B cells. The onset of ALL is usually acute and rapid. Malignant lymphocytes are immature and do not function effectively to maintain immunity. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)is characterized by abnormal proliferation of all bone marrow elements.
C)Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)is the most common type of leukemia among children and adolescents. Most cases of ALL result from the malignant transformation of B cells. The onset of ALL is usually acute and rapid. Malignant lymphocytes are immature and do not function effectively to maintain immunity. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)is characterized by abnormal proliferation of all bone marrow elements.
D)Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)is the most common type of leukemia among children and adolescents. Most cases of ALL result from the malignant transformation of B cells. The onset of ALL is usually acute and rapid. Malignant lymphocytes are immature and do not function effectively to maintain immunity. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)is characterized by abnormal proliferation of all bone marrow elements.
E)Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)is the most common type of leukemia among children and adolescents. Most cases of ALL result from the malignant transformation of B cells. The onset of ALL is usually acute and rapid. Malignant lymphocytes are immature and do not function effectively to maintain immunity. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)is characterized by abnormal proliferation of all bone marrow elements.

Question 13

Which type of lung cancer typically spreads by local invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)Squamous cell carcinoma tends to spread by local invasion. The other types of lung cancer tend to have distant metastasis early in the course of disease.
B)Squamous cell carcinoma tends to spread by local invasion. The other types of lung cancer tend to have distant metastasis early in the course of disease.
C)Squamous cell carcinoma tends to spread by local invasion. The other types of lung cancer tend to have distant metastasis early in the course of disease.
D)Squamous cell carcinoma tends to spread by local invasion. The other types of lung cancer tend to have distant metastasis early in the course of disease.

Question 14

A nurse is caring for a client recovering from a wedge resection of the left lung for a tumor. What would be appropriate goals for the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)All of the outcomes for this client are viable, but appropriate outcomes for the diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance are maintaining a patent airway and minimizing the accumulation of fluid.
B)All of the outcomes for this client are viable, but appropriate outcomes for the diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance are maintaining a patent airway and minimizing the accumulation of fluid.
C)All of the outcomes for this client are viable, but appropriate outcomes for the diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance are maintaining a patent airway and minimizing the accumulation of fluid.
D)All of the outcomes for this client are viable, but appropriate outcomes for the diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance are maintaining a patent airway and minimizing the accumulation of fluid.
E)All of the outcomes for this client are viable, but appropriate outcomes for the diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance are maintaining a patent airway and minimizing the accumulation of fluid.

Question 15

The nurse is planning care to address ineffective airway clearance for a client with lung cancer. Which interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)Turning, coughing, deep breathing, airway suctioning, and chest percussion can help clear secretions and improve airway clearance. Administering the pneumococcal vaccine and educating the client on smoking cessation are important in treating a client with lung cancer, but they would be aligned with a different nursing diagnosis.
B)Turning, coughing, deep breathing, airway suctioning, and chest percussion can help clear secretions and improve airway clearance. Administering the pneumococcal vaccine and educating the client on smoking cessation are important in treating a client with lung cancer, but they would be aligned with a different nursing diagnosis.
C)Turning, coughing, deep breathing, airway suctioning, and chest percussion can help clear secretions and improve airway clearance. Administering the pneumococcal vaccine and educating the client on smoking cessation are important in treating a client with lung cancer, but they would be aligned with a different nursing diagnosis.
D)Turning, coughing, deep breathing, airway suctioning, and chest percussion can help clear secretions and improve airway clearance. Administering the pneumococcal vaccine and educating the client on smoking cessation are important in treating a client with lung cancer, but they would be aligned with a different nursing diagnosis.
E)Turning, coughing, deep breathing, airway suctioning, and chest percussion can help clear secretions and improve airway clearance. Administering the pneumococcal vaccine and educating the client on smoking cessation are important in treating a client with lung cancer, but they would be aligned with a different nursing diagnosis.

Question 16

A client who presents with complaints of easily bruising, bleeding gums, and petechiae may be suffering from what complication of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

A)The manifestations of thrombocytopenia, a common complication of leukemia, include petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, hematuria, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Anemia can be a late manifestation of thrombocytopenia. Hepatomegaly is an enlarged liver. Neutropenia increases the risk of infection in clients with leukemia. However, anemia, hepatomegaly, and neutropenia do not cause bleeding.
B)The manifestations of thrombocytopenia, a common complication of leukemia, include petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, hematuria, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Anemia can be a late manifestation of thrombocytopenia. Hepatomegaly is an enlarged liver. Neutropenia increases the risk of infection in clients with leukemia. However, anemia, hepatomegaly, and neutropenia do not cause bleeding.
C)The manifestations of thrombocytopenia, a common complication of leukemia, include petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, hematuria, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Anemia can be a late manifestation of thrombocytopenia. Hepatomegaly is an enlarged liver. Neutropenia increases the risk of infection in clients with leukemia. However, anemia, hepatomegaly, and neutropenia do not cause bleeding.
D)The manifestations of thrombocytopenia, a common complication of leukemia, include petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, hematuria, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Anemia can be a late manifestation of thrombocytopenia. Hepatomegaly is an enlarged liver. Neutropenia increases the risk of infection in clients with leukemia. However, anemia, hepatomegaly, and neutropenia do not cause bleeding.

Question 17

The nurse is caring for a client with leukemia who is experiencing neutropenia as a result of chemotherapy. Which action should the nurse include in the plan of care for this client?

Accepted Answer

A)In the neutropenic client, visitors with communicable infections should be restricted. Fluid intake should be encouraged. Gloves may be appropriate but should never replace hand hygiene. Invasive procedures such as indwelling catheters should be avoided.
B)In the neutropenic client, visitors with communicable infections should be restricted. Fluid intake should be encouraged. Gloves may be appropriate but should never replace hand hygiene. Invasive procedures such as indwelling catheters should be avoided.
C)In the neutropenic client, visitors with communicable infections should be restricted. Fluid intake should be encouraged. Gloves may be appropriate but should never replace hand hygiene. Invasive procedures such as indwelling catheters should be avoided.
D)In the neutropenic client, visitors with communicable infections should be restricted. Fluid intake should be encouraged. Gloves may be appropriate but should never replace hand hygiene. Invasive procedures such as indwelling catheters should be avoided.

Question 18

A nurse is planning care for a client with leukemia. The nurse chooses "Risk for Bleeding" as the nursing diagnosis. Which interventions support this nursing diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)The client at risk for bleeding has specific interventions to which the nurse should adhere. The nurse should educate the client to not strain during bowel movements and to use an electric razor to avoid bleeding. The nurse should also limit the use of parenteral injections and apply 15 to 20 minutes of pressure to any arterial puncture sites. The nurse should discourage the client from forceful coughing to prevent further bleeding.
B)The client at risk for bleeding has specific interventions to which the nurse should adhere. The nurse should educate the client to not strain during bowel movements and to use an electric razor to avoid bleeding. The nurse should also limit the use of parenteral injections and apply 15 to 20 minutes of pressure to any arterial puncture sites. The nurse should discourage the client from forceful coughing to prevent further bleeding.
C)The client at risk for bleeding has specific interventions to which the nurse should adhere. The nurse should educate the client to not strain during bowel movements and to use an electric razor to avoid bleeding. The nurse should also limit the use of parenteral injections and apply 15 to 20 minutes of pressure to any arterial puncture sites. The nurse should discourage the client from forceful coughing to prevent further bleeding.
D)The client at risk for bleeding has specific interventions to which the nurse should adhere. The nurse should educate the client to not strain during bowel movements and to use an electric razor to avoid bleeding. The nurse should also limit the use of parenteral injections and apply 15 to 20 minutes of pressure to any arterial puncture sites. The nurse should discourage the client from forceful coughing to prevent further bleeding.
E)The client at risk for bleeding has specific interventions to which the nurse should adhere. The nurse should educate the client to not strain during bowel movements and to use an electric razor to avoid bleeding. The nurse should also limit the use of parenteral injections and apply 15 to 20 minutes of pressure to any arterial puncture sites. The nurse should discourage the client from forceful coughing to prevent further bleeding.

Question 19

A client is receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. While providing care for this client, which clinical manifestations would indicate tumor lysis syndrome? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)Tumor lysis causes a metabolic emergency. The release of intracellular contents into the circulation cause hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia, which may lead to cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, and even death. Thrombocytopenia occurs with a hematological emergency. Space-occupying lesions can cause respiratory distress and upper-extremity edema.
B)Tumor lysis causes a metabolic emergency. The release of intracellular contents into the circulation cause hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia, which may lead to cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, and even death. Thrombocytopenia occurs with a hematological emergency. Space-occupying lesions can cause respiratory distress and upper-extremity edema.
C)Tumor lysis causes a metabolic emergency. The release of intracellular contents into the circulation cause hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia, which may lead to cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, and even death. Thrombocytopenia occurs with a hematological emergency. Space-occupying lesions can cause respiratory distress and upper-extremity edema.
D)Tumor lysis causes a metabolic emergency. The release of intracellular contents into the circulation cause hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia, which may lead to cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, and even death. Thrombocytopenia occurs with a hematological emergency. Space-occupying lesions can cause respiratory distress and upper-extremity edema.
E)Tumor lysis causes a metabolic emergency. The release of intracellular contents into the circulation cause hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia, which may lead to cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, and even death. Thrombocytopenia occurs with a hematological emergency. Space-occupying lesions can cause respiratory distress and upper-extremity edema.

Question 20

The nurse is assessing several children with polyps in the colon and rectum. Which child is at highest risk of developing colorectal cancer in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)Children who develop juvenile polyposis or juvenile polyposis coli have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer in adulthood by as much as 50%. Adenomatous polyps also increase the risk for malignancy as adults, but this risk is not as high as 50%. Isolated juvenile polyps lack malignant potential. Diffuse juvenile polyposis of infancy is almost always fatal, so the client is not likely to reach adulthood.
B)Children who develop juvenile polyposis or juvenile polyposis coli have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer in adulthood by as much as 50%. Adenomatous polyps also increase the risk for malignancy as adults, but this risk is not as high as 50%. Isolated juvenile polyps lack malignant potential. Diffuse juvenile polyposis of infancy is almost always fatal, so the client is not likely to reach adulthood.
C)Children who develop juvenile polyposis or juvenile polyposis coli have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer in adulthood by as much as 50%. Adenomatous polyps also increase the risk for malignancy as adults, but this risk is not as high as 50%. Isolated juvenile polyps lack malignant potential. Diffuse juvenile polyposis of infancy is almost always fatal, so the client is not likely to reach adulthood.
D)Children who develop juvenile polyposis or juvenile polyposis coli have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer in adulthood by as much as 50%. Adenomatous polyps also increase the risk for malignancy as adults, but this risk is not as high as 50%. Isolated juvenile polyps lack malignant potential. Diffuse juvenile polyposis of infancy is almost always fatal, so the client is not likely to reach adulthood.

Quiz 2: Cellular Regulation