Question 1

The nurse is talking to a group of young adults about decreasing the risk for skin cancer. A young woman asks the nurse about the safety of ultraviolet light tanning salons. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A)"Using tanning beds without clothing contaminates skin and leads to infections."
B)"Tanning from ultraviolet light is safer than sunshine."
C)"Using sunscreen will prevent skin cancers, even in tanning beds."
D)"Exposure to ultraviolet light used in tanning beds can cause skin cancer."

Accepted Answer

A)Ultraviolet light exposure greatly increases risk of skin cancer, both basal cell and melanoma types. Direct sunlight and tanning beds both emit ultraviolet light that can cause skin damage that leads to skin cancer. The use of sunscreen can reduce the risk of cancer but not prevent it, especially in tanning beds where the ultraviolet light is intensified. That using tanning beds without clothing causes infection may or may not be true, depending on the disinfectant methods used.
B)Ultraviolet light exposure greatly increases risk of skin cancer, both basal cell and melanoma types. Direct sunlight and tanning beds both emit ultraviolet light that can cause skin damage that leads to skin cancer. The use of sunscreen can reduce the risk of cancer but not prevent it, especially in tanning beds where the ultraviolet light is intensified. That using tanning beds without clothing causes infection may or may not be true, depending on the disinfectant methods used.
C)Ultraviolet light exposure greatly increases risk of skin cancer, both basal cell and melanoma types. Direct sunlight and tanning beds both emit ultraviolet light that can cause skin damage that leads to skin cancer. The use of sunscreen can reduce the risk of cancer but not prevent it, especially in tanning beds where the ultraviolet light is intensified. That using tanning beds without clothing causes infection may or may not be true, depending on the disinfectant methods used.
D)Ultraviolet light exposure greatly increases risk of skin cancer, both basal cell and melanoma types. Direct sunlight and tanning beds both emit ultraviolet light that can cause skin damage that leads to skin cancer. The use of sunscreen can reduce the risk of cancer but not prevent it, especially in tanning beds where the ultraviolet light is intensified. That using tanning beds without clothing causes infection may or may not be true, depending on the disinfectant methods used.

Question 2

The nurse is reviewing the medical records for several clients who will be seen in the clinic today. According to the ABCD rule, which client may require removal of the skin lesion?
A)A client with a lesion that is symmetrical with an irregular border, a single color, and diameter change from 4 mm to 5 mm
B)A client with a lesion that is symmetrical, with a smooth border, a single color, and diameter that has stayed the same
C)A client with a lesion that is asymmetrical with a regular border, two colors, and diameter change from 4 mm to 3 mm
D)A client with a lesion that is asymmetrical with an irregular border, two colors, and diameter change from 5 mm to 7 mm

Accepted Answer

A)To meet all four criteria for removal of a lesion, the lesion will be asymmetrical, have irregular borders, show color change or more than one color, and have a diameter greater than 6 mm.
B)To meet all four criteria for removal of a lesion, the lesion will be asymmetrical, have irregular borders, show color change or more than one color, and have a diameter greater than 6 mm.
C)To meet all four criteria for removal of a lesion, the lesion will be asymmetrical, have irregular borders, show color change or more than one color, and have a diameter greater than 6 mm.
D)To meet all four criteria for removal of a lesion, the lesion will be asymmetrical, have irregular borders, show color change or more than one color, and have a diameter greater than 6 mm.

Question 3

During a routine physical examination of a client's lungs, the nurse notes a pink papule that is flat and erythematous with surface crusting on the client's upper chest. The nurse should notify the physician of this finding because the nurse suspects the papule might indicate what?
A)Squamous cell carcinoma
B)Basal cell carcinoma
C)Actinic keratosis
D)Malignant melanoma

Accepted Answer

A)Superficial basal cell carcinoma is often found on the trunk, and it manifests as a papule or plaque that is flat, pink, erythematous, and crusting. Squamous cell carcinoma is most often found on parts that are exposed to the sun, such as the face and hands. It usually appears as a small, firm, red nodule that may bleed as it grows. Malignant melanoma manifests as black, brown, or multicolored nodules or plaques. Actinic keratosis is a precancerous condition. The lesion appears as a shiny, rough macule.
B)Superficial basal cell carcinoma is often found on the trunk, and it manifests as a papule or plaque that is flat, pink, erythematous, and crusting. Squamous cell carcinoma is most often found on parts that are exposed to the sun, such as the face and hands. It usually appears as a small, firm, red nodule that may bleed as it grows. Malignant melanoma manifests as black, brown, or multicolored nodules or plaques. Actinic keratosis is a precancerous condition. The lesion appears as a shiny, rough macule.
C)Superficial basal cell carcinoma is often found on the trunk, and it manifests as a papule or plaque that is flat, pink, erythematous, and crusting. Squamous cell carcinoma is most often found on parts that are exposed to the sun, such as the face and hands. It usually appears as a small, firm, red nodule that may bleed as it grows. Malignant melanoma manifests as black, brown, or multicolored nodules or plaques. Actinic keratosis is a precancerous condition. The lesion appears as a shiny, rough macule.
D)Superficial basal cell carcinoma is often found on the trunk, and it manifests as a papule or plaque that is flat, pink, erythematous, and crusting. Squamous cell carcinoma is most often found on parts that are exposed to the sun, such as the face and hands. It usually appears as a small, firm, red nodule that may bleed as it grows. Malignant melanoma manifests as black, brown, or multicolored nodules or plaques. Actinic keratosis is a precancerous condition. The lesion appears as a shiny, rough macule.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a client who was admitted to a medical-surgical unit in sickle cell crisis. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to this client?
A)Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
B)Ibuprofen (Advil)
C)Meperidine (Demerol)
D)Hydroxyurea

Accepted Answer

A)Hydroxyurea decreases production of abnormal blood cells and leads to a lesser amount of pain being experienced. Meperidine is not used for pain control for clients in sickle cell crisis because it can cause seizures. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is used for mild pain, but they would not be effective for the severe pain experienced by a client in sickle cell pain crisis.
B)Hydroxyurea decreases production of abnormal blood cells and leads to a lesser amount of pain being experienced. Meperidine is not used for pain control for clients in sickle cell crisis because it can cause seizures. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is used for mild pain, but they would not be effective for the severe pain experienced by a client in sickle cell pain crisis.
C)Hydroxyurea decreases production of abnormal blood cells and leads to a lesser amount of pain being experienced. Meperidine is not used for pain control for clients in sickle cell crisis because it can cause seizures. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is used for mild pain, but they would not be effective for the severe pain experienced by a client in sickle cell pain crisis.
D)Hydroxyurea decreases production of abnormal blood cells and leads to a lesser amount of pain being experienced. Meperidine is not used for pain control for clients in sickle cell crisis because it can cause seizures. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is used for mild pain, but they would not be effective for the severe pain experienced by a client in sickle cell pain crisis.

Question 5

A dark-skinned client tells the nurse of plans to bask in the sun on an upcoming vacation. The nurse questions the client about sunscreen use. Which response indicates the client needs further education?
A)"I don't need sunscreen because I am dark-skinned already."
B)"I will avoid the sun between the peak hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m."
C)"I can still experience sun damage despite my dark skin tones."
D)"The melanocytes in my skin provide me with increased protection from the sun."

Accepted Answer

A)While the melanocytes in darker skin offer increased protection, the risk for skin cancer remains and sunscreen should be worn. The other client responses are correct.
B)While the melanocytes in darker skin offer increased protection, the risk for skin cancer remains and sunscreen should be worn. The other client responses are correct.
C)While the melanocytes in darker skin offer increased protection, the risk for skin cancer remains and sunscreen should be worn. The other client responses are correct.
D)While the melanocytes in darker skin offer increased protection, the risk for skin cancer remains and sunscreen should be worn. The other client responses are correct.

Question 6

What is the most common cause of skin cancer?
A)Exposure to melanin
B)UV radiation from sunlight
C)Damage from chemicals
D)Inflammation from psoriasis

Accepted Answer

A)Exposure to UV radiation from sunlight is a major cause of skin cancer. Tanning beds are another dangerous form of UV exposure. Melanin is a naturally-occurring skin pigment. Exposure to melanin itself does not cause skin cancer. Although damage from chemicals may lead to skin cancer, it is not a common case of skin cancer. Inflammation from psoriasis is not directly linked to skin cancer.
B)Exposure to UV radiation from sunlight is a major cause of skin cancer. Tanning beds are another dangerous form of UV exposure. Melanin is a naturally-occurring skin pigment. Exposure to melanin itself does not cause skin cancer. Although damage from chemicals may lead to skin cancer, it is not a common case of skin cancer. Inflammation from psoriasis is not directly linked to skin cancer.
C)Exposure to UV radiation from sunlight is a major cause of skin cancer. Tanning beds are another dangerous form of UV exposure. Melanin is a naturally-occurring skin pigment. Exposure to melanin itself does not cause skin cancer. Although damage from chemicals may lead to skin cancer, it is not a common case of skin cancer. Inflammation from psoriasis is not directly linked to skin cancer.
D)Exposure to UV radiation from sunlight is a major cause of skin cancer. Tanning beds are another dangerous form of UV exposure. Melanin is a naturally-occurring skin pigment. Exposure to melanin itself does not cause skin cancer. Although damage from chemicals may lead to skin cancer, it is not a common case of skin cancer. Inflammation from psoriasis is not directly linked to skin cancer.

Question 7

A pediatric nurse is educating the client with sickle cell disease and the client's family regarding the genetic implications of the disease. Which information is inappropriate for the nurse to share with the client's family?
A)If both parents have the trait, then with each pregnancy, the risk of having a child with the disease is 50%.
B)The disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive genetic defect.
C)The sickle cell gene may have originated to protect against lethal forms of malaria.
D)In African Americans, sickle cell disease occurs in 1 of every 365 births.

Accepted Answer

A)In educating the client and the client's parents regarding sickle cell disease, the nurse will state that the disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive genetic defect. If both parents have the trait, then with each pregnancy, the risk of having a child with the disease is 25%, not 50%. The sickle cell gene may have originated to protect against lethal forms of malaria. In African Americans, sickle cell disease occurs in 1 of every 365 births.
B)In educating the client and the client's parents regarding sickle cell disease, the nurse will state that the disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive genetic defect. If both parents have the trait, then with each pregnancy, the risk of having a child with the disease is 25%, not 50%. The sickle cell gene may have originated to protect against lethal forms of malaria. In African Americans, sickle cell disease occurs in 1 of every 365 births.
C)In educating the client and the client's parents regarding sickle cell disease, the nurse will state that the disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive genetic defect. If both parents have the trait, then with each pregnancy, the risk of having a child with the disease is 25%, not 50%. The sickle cell gene may have originated to protect against lethal forms of malaria. In African Americans, sickle cell disease occurs in 1 of every 365 births.
D)In educating the client and the client's parents regarding sickle cell disease, the nurse will state that the disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive genetic defect. If both parents have the trait, then with each pregnancy, the risk of having a child with the disease is 25%, not 50%. The sickle cell gene may have originated to protect against lethal forms of malaria. In African Americans, sickle cell disease occurs in 1 of every 365 births.

Question 8

The nurse is assessing a 78-year-old client who was recently diagnosed with skin cancer. The physician has mentioned including topical treatments in the patient's treatment plan. What other assessments may the nurse need to conduct to help guide the physician when deciding whether to use topical treatments for this client?
A)An assessment for coagulation disorders
B)An assessment for dementia
C)An assessment for cardiovascular disease
D)An assessment for diabetes

Accepted Answer

A)For older clients with skin cancer, the use of topical treatments may be an option, but the presence and levels of arthritis and dementia need to be considered prior to prescribing this treatment. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, coagulation disorders, and diabetes should be considered before planning surgical interventions for older clients with skin cancer.
B)For older clients with skin cancer, the use of topical treatments may be an option, but the presence and levels of arthritis and dementia need to be considered prior to prescribing this treatment. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, coagulation disorders, and diabetes should be considered before planning surgical interventions for older clients with skin cancer.
C)For older clients with skin cancer, the use of topical treatments may be an option, but the presence and levels of arthritis and dementia need to be considered prior to prescribing this treatment. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, coagulation disorders, and diabetes should be considered before planning surgical interventions for older clients with skin cancer.
D)For older clients with skin cancer, the use of topical treatments may be an option, but the presence and levels of arthritis and dementia need to be considered prior to prescribing this treatment. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, coagulation disorders, and diabetes should be considered before planning surgical interventions for older clients with skin cancer.

Question 9

A client presents to the primary care clinic for an annual physical. The nurse caring for the client notes that the client's healthcare provider uses the ABCD mnemonic to assess suspicious skin lesions. What does the "D" in ABCD represent?
A)Diameter of lesion greater than 8 mm
B)Distance of lesion to an additional lesion
C)Diameter of lesion greater than 6 mm
D)Depth of lesion

Accepted Answer

A)The ABCD rule is used to assess suspicious lesions:
Asymmetry (One half of the nevus does not match the other half.)
Border irregularity (Edges are ragged, blurred, or notched.)
Color variation or dark black color
Diameter greater than 6 mm (size of a pencil eraser)
B)The ABCD rule is used to assess suspicious lesions:
Asymmetry (One half of the nevus does not match the other half.)
Border irregularity (Edges are ragged, blurred, or notched.)
Color variation or dark black color
Diameter greater than 6 mm (size of a pencil eraser)
C)The ABCD rule is used to assess suspicious lesions:
Asymmetry (One half of the nevus does not match the other half.)
Border irregularity (Edges are ragged, blurred, or notched.)
Color variation or dark black color
Diameter greater than 6 mm (size of a pencil eraser)
D)The ABCD rule is used to assess suspicious lesions:
Asymmetry (One half of the nevus does not match the other half.)
Border irregularity (Edges are ragged, blurred, or notched.)
Color variation or dark black color
Diameter greater than 6 mm (size of a pencil eraser)

Question 10

An emergency department nurse is caring for a child in sickle cell crisis. The nurse suspects the etiology of the crisis as being thrombotic in nature because of which clinical manifestations? Select all that apply.
A)The client has profound pallor and fatigue.
B)The client is in extreme pain.
C)The client has profound hypotension and shock.
D)The client has a fever.
E)The client's chest CT reveals a pulmonary infarct.

Accepted Answer

A)A thrombotic sickle cell crisis is manifested by extreme pain and fever. The client in profound hypotension and shock likely has splenic sequestration as the etiology, not thrombosis. The client with a pulmonary infarct likely has acute chest syndrome, not thrombosis. The client with profound pallor and fatigue likely is in an aplastic crisis, not thrombosis.
B)A thrombotic sickle cell crisis is manifested by extreme pain and fever. The client in profound hypotension and shock likely has splenic sequestration as the etiology, not thrombosis. The client with a pulmonary infarct likely has acute chest syndrome, not thrombosis. The client with profound pallor and fatigue likely is in an aplastic crisis, not thrombosis.
C)A thrombotic sickle cell crisis is manifested by extreme pain and fever. The client in profound hypotension and shock likely has splenic sequestration as the etiology, not thrombosis. The client with a pulmonary infarct likely has acute chest syndrome, not thrombosis. The client with profound pallor and fatigue likely is in an aplastic crisis, not thrombosis.
D)A thrombotic sickle cell crisis is manifested by extreme pain and fever. The client in profound hypotension and shock likely has splenic sequestration as the etiology, not thrombosis. The client with a pulmonary infarct likely has acute chest syndrome, not thrombosis. The client with profound pallor and fatigue likely is in an aplastic crisis, not thrombosis.
E)A thrombotic sickle cell crisis is manifested by extreme pain and fever. The client in profound hypotension and shock likely has splenic sequestration as the etiology, not thrombosis. The client with a pulmonary infarct likely has acute chest syndrome, not thrombosis. The client with profound pallor and fatigue likely is in an aplastic crisis, not thrombosis.

Question 11

The nurse is teaching a group of community members about preventing skin cancer. Which participant would be at the greatest risk for skin cancer?
A)A 25-year-old lifeguard at the community pool who wears sunscreen
B)A baby underneath a large beach umbrella
C)A 60-year-old farmer who wears a cap when working
D)A teenager who wears a ski outfit when skiing

Accepted Answer

A)The older adult client has had more years of living to increase the risk of skin cancer from exposure to the sun. In addition, the farmer wears a cap, but no mention is made of protectant sunscreens or long-sleeved shirts and pants. The lifeguard, baby, and teenager have lesser risk because there are physical barriers to the sun identified in each option: sunscreen, umbrella, and ski outfit.
B)The older adult client has had more years of living to increase the risk of skin cancer from exposure to the sun. In addition, the farmer wears a cap, but no mention is made of protectant sunscreens or long-sleeved shirts and pants. The lifeguard, baby, and teenager have lesser risk because there are physical barriers to the sun identified in each option: sunscreen, umbrella, and ski outfit.
C)The older adult client has had more years of living to increase the risk of skin cancer from exposure to the sun. In addition, the farmer wears a cap, but no mention is made of protectant sunscreens or long-sleeved shirts and pants. The lifeguard, baby, and teenager have lesser risk because there are physical barriers to the sun identified in each option: sunscreen, umbrella, and ski outfit.
D)The older adult client has had more years of living to increase the risk of skin cancer from exposure to the sun. In addition, the farmer wears a cap, but no mention is made of protectant sunscreens or long-sleeved shirts and pants. The lifeguard, baby, and teenager have lesser risk because there are physical barriers to the sun identified in each option: sunscreen, umbrella, and ski outfit.

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a client who has recently been diagnosed with skin cancer. The client is tearful and states, "How did I get skin cancer? I don't believe in tanning!" Which response by the nurse is indicated at this time?
A)"Can you tell me more about your feelings?"
B)"This is unusual, as skin cancer normally only occurs in sunbathers."
C)"Sun exposure can happen as we carry out our daily activities."
D)"We frequently never find out why cancer strikes."

Accepted Answer

A)Sun exposure occurs as we carry out our daily activities, such as riding in the car, going in and out of buildings, and playing or working outside. The client is asking for information; the other options do not provide adequate or correct information.
B)Sun exposure occurs as we carry out our daily activities, such as riding in the car, going in and out of buildings, and playing or working outside. The client is asking for information; the other options do not provide adequate or correct information.
C)Sun exposure occurs as we carry out our daily activities, such as riding in the car, going in and out of buildings, and playing or working outside. The client is asking for information; the other options do not provide adequate or correct information.
D)Sun exposure occurs as we carry out our daily activities, such as riding in the car, going in and out of buildings, and playing or working outside. The client is asking for information; the other options do not provide adequate or correct information.

Question 13

A client is scheduled to have a suspected cancerous lesion removed from the arm. When planning care for this client, which outcome would be a priority?
A)The client will make nutritional changes.
B)The client will experience minimal pain after healing.
C)The client will heal without signs of infection.
D)The client will not need to make lifestyle changes.

Accepted Answer

A)Following removal of a skin lesion, the nurse directs care aimed at the prevention of infection while the skin heals. The client should not experience pain after healing and will need to make lifestyle changes to prevent further occurrences of skin cancer. Nutritional changes may or may not be needed; however, prevention of infection is the priority.
B)Following removal of a skin lesion, the nurse directs care aimed at the prevention of infection while the skin heals. The client should not experience pain after healing and will need to make lifestyle changes to prevent further occurrences of skin cancer. Nutritional changes may or may not be needed; however, prevention of infection is the priority.
C)Following removal of a skin lesion, the nurse directs care aimed at the prevention of infection while the skin heals. The client should not experience pain after healing and will need to make lifestyle changes to prevent further occurrences of skin cancer. Nutritional changes may or may not be needed; however, prevention of infection is the priority.
D)Following removal of a skin lesion, the nurse directs care aimed at the prevention of infection while the skin heals. The client should not experience pain after healing and will need to make lifestyle changes to prevent further occurrences of skin cancer. Nutritional changes may or may not be needed; however, prevention of infection is the priority.

Question 14

Which race is at highest risk of inheriting sickle cell disease?
A)African American
B)Caucasian
C)Hispanic
D)Asian

Accepted Answer

A)Sickle cell disease is most common among people of African descent. An estimated 1 in 13 African Americans carries one abnormal hemoglobin gene, and 1 in 365 African American newborns are born with two Hb S genes.
B)Sickle cell disease is most common among people of African descent. An estimated 1 in 13 African Americans carries one abnormal hemoglobin gene, and 1 in 365 African American newborns are born with two Hb S genes.
C)Sickle cell disease is most common among people of African descent. An estimated 1 in 13 African Americans carries one abnormal hemoglobin gene, and 1 in 365 African American newborns are born with two Hb S genes.
D)Sickle cell disease is most common among people of African descent. An estimated 1 in 13 African Americans carries one abnormal hemoglobin gene, and 1 in 365 African American newborns are born with two Hb S genes.

Question 15

A nurse is planning care for a client with sickle cell disease and chooses "Acute Pain" as the nursing diagnosis. Which intervention is inappropriate for the nurse to include in this plan of care?
A)Administer prescribed analgesic medications around the clock.
B)Place client in position of comfort.
C)Use heat or cold packs as tolerated.
D)Support the client's joints and extremities with pillows.

Accepted Answer

A)The client with sickle cell disease who is in a sickle cell crisis will likely have extreme pain. To aid in caring for this client, the nurse will administer prescribed analgesic medications around the clock, place the patient in position of comfort, and support the client's joints and extremities with pillows. The use of heat or cold packs is contraindicated in the sickle cell client.
B)The client with sickle cell disease who is in a sickle cell crisis will likely have extreme pain. To aid in caring for this client, the nurse will administer ordered analgesic medications around the clock, place the patient in position of comfort, and support the client's joints and extremities with pillows. The use of heat or cold packs is contraindicated in the sickle cell client.
C)The client with sickle cell disease who is in a sickle cell crisis will likely have extreme pain. To aid in caring for this client, the nurse will administer ordered analgesic medications around the clock, place the patient in position of comfort, and support the client's joints and extremities with pillows. The use of heat or cold packs is contraindicated in the sickle cell client.
D)The client with sickle cell disease who is in a sickle cell crisis will likely have extreme pain. To aid in caring for this client, the nurse will administer ordered analgesic medications around the clock, place the patient in position of comfort, and support the client's joints and extremities with pillows. The use of heat or cold packs is contraindicated in the sickle cell client.

Question 16

A nurse working in an outpatient dermatology clinic is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with a lentigo maligna. Which statement is inappropriate for the nurse to include in the client's teaching plan?
A)The lesion is also called Robertson freckle.
B)The lesion is a precursor to melanoma.
C)The lesion is a tan or black patch on the skin that looks like a freckle.
D)The lesion grows slowly, becoming mottled, dark, thick, and nodular.

Accepted Answer

A)A lentigo maligna, also called a Hutchinson freckle, is a precursor to melanoma. The lesion is a tan or black patch on the skin that looks like a freckle. The lesion grows slowly, and becomes mottled, dark, thick, and nodular.
B)A lentigo maligna, also called a Hutchinson freckle, is a precursor to melanoma. The lesion is a tan or black patch on the skin that looks like a freckle. The lesion grows slowly, and becomes mottled, dark, thick, and nodular.
C)A lentigo maligna, also called a Hutchinson freckle, is a precursor to melanoma. The lesion is a tan or black patch on the skin that looks like a freckle. The lesion grows slowly, and becomes mottled, dark, thick, and nodular.
D)A lentigo maligna, also called a Hutchinson freckle, is a precursor to melanoma. The lesion is a tan or black patch on the skin that looks like a freckle. The lesion grows slowly, and becomes mottled, dark, thick, and nodular.

Question 17

The nurse is planning care for a young child who is admitted with sickle cell crisis. The parents are with the child, and neither has much information about the disease. When planning care for this family, the nurse will set which goal with this family?
A)The child will drink adequate amounts of fluid each day.
B)The child will play outside in the sun.
C)The family will not have the child vaccinated.
D)The family will plan vacations in high-altitude areas.

Accepted Answer

A)For the client with sickle cell disease, dehydration can lead to life-threatening consequences. The client's oral intake should be adjusted as necessary to keep the child well hydrated. Teach clients and parents how to monitor intake and output, and provide client teaching regarding fluid management. Playing outdoors in the sun can lead to dehydration, which can precipitate a crisis. Oxygen supply at high altitudes is too low for the client with sickle cell disease. The family should be taught to select low-altitude areas for vacation. Infection and illnesses with fever will increase the body's demand for oxygen, so it is important for the family to keep up with the child's immunization schedule.
B)For the client with sickle cell disease, dehydration can lead to life-threatening consequences. The client's oral intake should be adjusted as necessary to keep the child well hydrated. Teach clients and parents how to monitor intake and output, and provide client teaching regarding fluid management. Playing outdoors in the sun can lead to dehydration, which can precipitate a crisis. Oxygen supply at high altitudes is too low for the client with sickle cell disease. The family should be taught to select low-altitude areas for vacation. Infection and illnesses with fever will increase the body's demand for oxygen, so it is important for the family to keep up with the child's immunization schedule.
C)For the client with sickle cell disease, dehydration can lead to life-threatening consequences. The client's oral intake should be adjusted as necessary to keep the child well hydrated. Teach clients and parents how to monitor intake and output, and provide client teaching regarding fluid management. Playing outdoors in the sun can lead to dehydration, which can precipitate a crisis. Oxygen supply at high altitudes is too low for the client with sickle cell disease. The family should be taught to select low-altitude areas for vacation. Infection and illnesses with fever will increase the body's demand for oxygen, so it is important for the family to keep up with the child's immunization schedule.
D)For the client with sickle cell disease, dehydration can lead to life-threatening consequences. The client's oral intake should be adjusted as necessary to keep the child well hydrated. Teach clients and parents how to monitor intake and output, and provide client teaching regarding fluid management. Playing outdoors in the sun can lead to dehydration, which can precipitate a crisis. Oxygen supply at high altitudes is too low for the client with sickle cell disease. The family should be taught to select low-altitude areas for vacation. Infection and illnesses with fever will increase the body's demand for oxygen, so it is important for the family to keep up with the child's immunization schedule.

Question 18

The nurse is providing care to a 3-year-old client who is receiving treatment for sickle cell disease. The client is at risk for infection. Which medication does the nurse expect to administer to this client?
A)Acetaminophen
B)Penicillin
C)Morphine sulfate
D)Tamoxifen

Accepted Answer

A)Prophylactic penicillin is often prescribed to children between the ages of 2 months and 5 years of age who are diagnosed with sickle cell disease because of the increased risk for infection. Morphine and acetaminophen may be given for the pain the client experiences during a sickle cell crisis. Tamoxifen is a medication used to treat breast cancer.
B)Prophylactic penicillin is often prescribed to children between the ages of 2 months and 5 years of age who are diagnosed with sickle cell disease because of the increased risk for infection. Morphine and acetaminophen may be given for the pain the client experiences during a sickle cell crisis. Tamoxifen is a medication used to treat breast cancer.
C)Prophylactic penicillin is often prescribed to children between the ages of 2 months and 5 years of age who are diagnosed with sickle cell disease because of the increased risk for infection. Morphine and acetaminophen may be given for the pain the client experiences during a sickle cell crisis. Tamoxifen is a medication used to treat breast cancer.
D)Prophylactic penicillin is often prescribed to children between the ages of 2 months and 5 years of age who are diagnosed with sickle cell disease because of the increased risk for infection. Morphine and acetaminophen may be given for the pain the client experiences during a sickle cell crisis. Tamoxifen is a medication used to treat breast cancer.

Question 19

The nurse is caring for an older adolescent client diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Which nursing diagnoses would be appropriate when planning this client's care? Select all that apply.
A)Impaired Skin Integrity
B)Risk for Compromised Human Dignity
C)Anxiety
D)Risk for Acute Confusion
E)Disturbed Body Image

Accepted Answer

A)Any client will likely experience anxiety and impaired skin integrity related to the diagnosis of skin cancer. The client will not likely have compromised human dignity or a risk for acute confusion. Disturbed body image could be an issue, especially for an adolescent client.
B)Any client will likely experience anxiety and impaired skin integrity related to the diagnosis of skin cancer. The client will not likely have compromised human dignity or a risk for acute confusion. Disturbed body image could be an issue, especially for an adolescent client.
C)Any client will likely experience anxiety and impaired skin integrity related to the diagnosis of skin cancer. The client will not likely have compromised human dignity or a risk for acute confusion. Disturbed body image could be an issue, especially for an adolescent client.
D)Any client will likely experience anxiety and impaired skin integrity related to the diagnosis of skin cancer. The client will not likely have compromised human dignity or a risk for acute confusion. Disturbed body image could be an issue, especially for an adolescent client.
E)Any client will likely experience anxiety and impaired skin integrity related to the diagnosis of skin cancer. The client will not likely have compromised human dignity or a risk for acute confusion. Disturbed body image could be an issue, especially for an adolescent client.

Quiz 2: Cellular Regulation

The nurse is talking to a group of young adults about decreasing the risk for skin cancer. A young woman asks the nurse about the safety of ultraviolet light tanning salons. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

The nurse is reviewing the medical records for several clients who will be seen in the clinic today. According to the ABCD rule, which client may require removal of the skin lesion?

During a routine physical examination of a client's lungs, the nurse notes a pink papule that is flat and erythematous with surface crusting on the client's upper chest. The nurse should notify the physician of this finding because the nurse suspects the papule might indicate what?

The nurse is caring for a client who was admitted to a medical-surgical unit in sickle cell crisis. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to this client?

A dark-skinned client tells the nurse of plans to bask in the sun on an upcoming vacation. The nurse questions the client about sunscreen use. Which response indicates the client needs further education?

What is the most common cause of skin cancer?

A pediatric nurse is educating the client with sickle cell disease and the client's family regarding the genetic implications of the disease. Which information is inappropriate for the nurse to share with the client's family?

A client presents to the primary care clinic for an annual physical. The nurse caring for the client notes that the client's healthcare provider uses the ABCD mnemonic to assess suspicious skin lesions. What does the "D" in ABCD represent?

An emergency department nurse is caring for a child in sickle cell crisis. The nurse suspects the etiology of the crisis as being thrombotic in nature because of which clinical manifestations? Select all that apply.

The nurse is teaching a group of community members about preventing skin cancer. Which participant would be at the greatest risk for skin cancer?

The nurse is caring for a client who has recently been diagnosed with skin cancer. The client is tearful and states, "How did I get skin cancer? I don't believe in tanning!" Which response by the nurse is indicated at this time?

A client is scheduled to have a suspected cancerous lesion removed from the arm. When planning care for this client, which outcome would be a priority?

Which race is at highest risk of inheriting sickle cell disease?

A nurse is planning care for a client with sickle cell disease and chooses "Acute Pain" as the nursing diagnosis. Which intervention is inappropriate for the nurse to include in this plan of care?

A nurse working in an outpatient dermatology clinic is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with a lentigo maligna. Which statement is inappropriate for the nurse to include in the client's teaching plan?

The nurse is planning care for a young child who is admitted with sickle cell crisis. The parents are with the child, and neither has much information about the disease. When planning care for this family, the nurse will set which goal with this family?

The nurse is providing care to a 3-year-old client who is receiving treatment for sickle cell disease. The client is at risk for infection. Which medication does the nurse expect to administer to this client?

The nurse is caring for an older adolescent client diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Which nursing diagnoses would be appropriate when planning this client's care? Select all that apply.