Question 1

In contrast with other ways of reading,a literature review involves a particularly ________ reading of the body of theory and evidence surrounding a topic.
A)discipline-specific
B)narrow
C)exhaustive
D)systematic

Accepted Answer

A literature review requires a systematic approach, which involves an organized and methodical search and analysis of existing literature on a specific topic. It involves a comprehensive and thorough review of all relevant literature available. While the review may focus on a specific discipline, the approach itself is systematic and not discipline-specific. It is also broad and not narrow in scope, as it aims to cover all relevant literature on a given topic.

Question 2

Juan wants to study the relationship between economic inequality and political extremism,with economic inequality as the independent variable.Which of the following is a proper hypothesis?
A)How does economic inequality influence political extremism?
B)Economic inequality leads to political extremism.
C)Political extremism leads to economic inequality.
D)What is the relationship between economic inequality and political extremism?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis B is the best choice as it clearly states the relationship between the independent variable (economic inequality) and the dependent variable (political extremism). It posits that economic inequality leads to political extremism, which is a specific and testable hypothesis. 
Hypothesis A is too general and does not make a clear prediction. Hypothesis C is the reverse causality, where political extremism is the independent variable instead of economic inequality. Hypothesis D is a research question, not a hypothesis, as it does not make a clear prediction about the relationship between the variables.

Question 3

When conducting a literature review,the researcher is looking for
A)holes-that is,particular aspects of the topic that are relatively unexplored.
B)mistakes-that is,errors made by previous researchers that could be corrected.
C)causation-that is,the root causes of the topic under investigation.
D)sparks-that is,new and exciting areas of inquiry that light up the researcher's interest.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of a literature review is to identify gaps in the existing body of knowledge, which are referred to as "holes."

Question 4

Give an example of an abstract concept.List three different variables that might be used to capture this concept,and explain why you chose these variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of an abstract concept.List...

Question 5

This figure describes the relations between variables in a causal hypothesis.1 refers to ________ variable;2 refers to ________ variable.

A)dependent;independent
B)cause;effect
C)independent;dependent
D)effect;cause

Accepted Answer

1 refers to the independent variable, which is manipulated by the researcher, while 2 refers to the dependent variable, which is the outcome or effect observed as a result of changes in the independent variable. Therefore, the best choice is C) independent; dependent.

Question 6

"Does texting while driving increase the likelihood of an accident?" is a question.Convert this question into a hypothesis.State the independent variable.State the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Does texting while driving increase the likelihood...

Question 7

Describe why a literature review is important,and offer three pieces of advice for conducting a successful literature review.Explain each piece of advice with a sentence or two.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe why a literature review is important,and...

Question 8

Linda hypothesizes that increasing wealth does not increase happiness.In this hypothesis,what is the independent variable?
A)Linda's influence on study participants
B)happiness
C)wealth
D)Wealth and happiness are both independent variables.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is intentionally changed or manipulated in an experiment. In this case, Linda is investigating the impact of wealth on happiness, so she is manipulating the level of wealth among the study participants. Therefore, wealth is the independent variable.

Question 9

Professor Flaeger hypothesizes that when college students participate in local service activities,their views toward human rights are strengthened.In this hypothesis,what is the dependent variable?
A)service activities
B)human rights attitudes
C)The dependent variable cannot be identified until data is analyzed.
D)the positive relation between the two parts of the hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured or observed to see how it is affected by the independent variable. In this hypothesis, the independent variable is the participation in local service activities, and the dependent variable is the strengthening of views towards human rights. Therefore, the best choice is B, which represents the human rights attitudes, as the dependent variable.

Question 10

Why would a scholar generate an annotated bibliography?
A)to record brief descriptions of each text and relevant reactions to it
B)as a comprehensive collection of full texts of all citations
C)as a collection of the full and exact abstracts of all citations
D)as an imperfect substitute for reading the articles fully

Accepted Answer

A scholar would generate an annotated bibliography to record brief descriptions of each text and relevant reactions to it, which can assist in organizing their research and understanding the sources they are using.

Question 11

Positivism attempts to make the social sciences more like the natural sciences.Is positivism a worthy goal for the social sciences? Does it work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Positivism attempts to make the social sciences...

Question 12

List and describe three characteristics of symbolic interactionism that make it distinct from the other major paradigms (structural functionalism,conflict,and rational choice).

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe three characteristics of symbolic...

Question 13

Using an example,distinguish between mediation,moderation,and spuriousness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using an example,distinguish between mediation,moderation,and spuriousness....

Question 14

Terrorism is an important issue facing the world today.If you were developing a sociological study of terrorism,would you develop a macro study or a micro study? Choose one,and justify it as the superior approach for this topic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Terrorism is an important issue facing the...

Question 15

Lisa uses her library's academic search engine to begin a literature review about autism in Hawaii.She finds 200 sources,and reads the brief descriptions of content that are found just after the article title,but before the main body of text begins.Lisa is reading
A)summaries.
B)abstracts.
C)introductions.
D)annotations.

Accepted Answer

The brief descriptions of content that Lisa is reading are most likely abstracts, which provide a summary of the main points of an article. Summaries, introductions, and annotations may also provide some information about the content of an article, but abstracts are specifically designed to give a concise overview of the article's main findings.

Question 16

Compare and contrast inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.Offer two points of comparison and two points of contrast.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast inductive reasoning and deductive...

Question 17

In mediation,a new variable may be introduced that links the independent variable to the dependent variable.This new "connecting variable" is called a(n)________ variable.
A)null
B)moderating
C)underlying
D)intervening

Accepted Answer

An intervening variable is introduced in mediation to explain the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. It acts as a mediator or intermediate factor that explains how one variable affects another.

Quiz 2: Research Foundations: Linking Sociological Theory to Research

In contrast with other ways of reading,a literature review involves a particularly ________ reading of the body of theory and evidence surrounding a topic.

Juan wants to study the relationship between economic inequality and political extremism,with economic inequality as the independent variable.Which of the following is a proper hypothesis?

When conducting a literature review,the researcher is looking for

Give an example of an abstract concept.List three different variables that might be used to capture this concept,and explain why you chose these variables.

This figure describes the relations between variables in a causal hypothesis.1 refers to variable;2 refers to variable.

"Does texting while driving increase the likelihood of an accident?" is a question.Convert this question into a hypothesis.State the independent variable.State the dependent variable.

Describe why a literature review is important,and offer three pieces of advice for conducting a successful literature review.Explain each piece of advice with a sentence or two.

Linda hypothesizes that increasing wealth does not increase happiness.In this hypothesis,what is the independent variable?

Professor Flaeger hypothesizes that when college students participate in local service activities,their views toward human rights are strengthened.In this hypothesis,what is the dependent variable?

Why would a scholar generate an annotated bibliography?

Positivism attempts to make the social sciences more like the natural sciences.Is positivism a worthy goal for the social sciences? Does it work?

List and describe three characteristics of symbolic interactionism that make it distinct from the other major paradigms (structural functionalism,conflict,and rational choice).

Using an example,distinguish between mediation,moderation,and spuriousness.

Terrorism is an important issue facing the world today.If you were developing a sociological study of terrorism,would you develop a macro study or a micro study? Choose one,and justify it as the superior approach for this topic.

Lisa uses her library's academic search engine to begin a literature review about autism in Hawaii.She finds 200 sources,and reads the brief descriptions of content that are found just after the article title,but before the main body of text begins.Lisa is reading

Compare and contrast inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.Offer two points of comparison and two points of contrast.

In mediation,a new variable may be introduced that links the independent variable to the dependent variable.This new "connecting variable" is called a(n) ________ variable.