Question 1

Ecstasy produces damage to serotonergic neurons.

Accepted Answer

Ecstasy, also known as MDMA, has been shown to produce damage to serotonergic neurons, particularly in the long-term users. This can lead to decreased serotonin levels and potential long-term effects on mood, memory, and other neurological functions.

Question 2

Violent psychotic reactions have been reported with use of PCP.

Accepted Answer

PCP (Phencyclidine) is known to cause violent and unpredictable behavior, psychotic reactions, hallucinations, and other dangerous side effects.

Question 3

Mescaline is a sympathomimetic drug.

Accepted Answer

Mescaline is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid found in certain species of cactus that produces hallucinogenic effects by activating serotonin receptors in the brain. It is also a sympathomimetic drug, meaning it mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response. This can lead to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, among other physical effects.

Question 4

Flashbacks never occur with someone who has used LSD one time only.

Accepted Answer

While it is rare, flashbacks can occur with someone who has used LSD even just one time due to the drug's impact on the brain and how it can alter sensory perceptions. However, the likelihood of developing flashbacks is much higher for frequent or heavy users.

Question 5

Identify and discuss key events in LSD research in Canada.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

Anticholinergic hallucinogens are characterized by a loss of memory for the experience.

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergic hallucinogens, such as scopolamine and atropine, work by blocking acetylcholine receptors in the brain. This can result in a loss of memory for the experience, as well as other cognitive and perceptual impairments.

Question 7

It is difficult to assess the neurotoxic effects of MDMA because MDMA tablets vary enormously in the dose contained.

Accepted Answer

MDMA tablets are often adulterated or inconsistently dosed, making it difficult to accurately assess the negative effects and potential neurotoxicity.

Question 8

Describe in detail the physiological and psychological effects of LSD and related hallucinogens.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

The spiral explosions and vortex patterns have been the most common forms described during hallucinogenic experiences.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Many people report seeing spiral explosions and vortex patterns during hallucinogenic experiences, which is likely due to the altered visual processing in the brain caused by the drugs.

Question 10

Phencyclidine produces vivid visual hallucinations.

Accepted Answer

Phencyclidine (PCP) primarily produces distortions in the perception of reality, including auditory hallucinations and feelings of detachment from the environment and oneself, rather than vivid visual hallucinations.

Question 11

Discuss the history and epidemiology of methylated amphetamines.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Salvia acts as an agonist of opioid receptors.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Compare and contrast the four types of hallucinogens: the serotonergics,mephylated amphetamines,anticholinergics,and dissociative anesthetics.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Trace the history of LSD use from its discovery by Albert Hofmann through the Timothy Leary era.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Originating in Asia in the late 1980s,MDMA grew in popularity as it became associated with the "club" or "rave".

Accepted Answer

MDMA, also known as ecstasy, was first synthesized in 1912 by the German pharmaceutical company Merck. It gained popularity in the nightclub scene of the 1980s, particularly in the United States and Europe, not originating in Asia.

Quiz 10: Hallucinogens