Question 1

If Davis has high blood pressure, high blood glucose, and low levels of good cholesterol, which diagnosis will his physician most likely give?

Accepted Answer

Davis's symptoms are consistent with metabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when an individual has three or more of the following risk factors: high blood pressure, high blood glucose, low levels of good cholesterol, and excess abdominal fat.

Question 2

De-oxygenated blood enters the heart via the

Accepted Answer

De-oxygenated blood from the body returns to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 3

Diabetes is associated with all the following complications except

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia actually leads to decreased nerve sensitivity, not increased. The other choices are correct in that they are all complications associated with diabetes.

Question 4

Which ethnic group has the lowest risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Caucasians have the lowest risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to the other ethnic groups listed. However, it is important to note that there are many other factors besides ethnicity that contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, such as lifestyle choices, genetics, and age.

Question 5

What portion of deaths in the United States every year are caused by cardiovascular disease and cancer combined?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease and cancer combined account for more than half of the deaths in the United States each year.

Question 6

Cancer that involves cells of the immune system is known as

Accepted Answer

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects cells of the immune system, specifically the lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune response. Sarcomas are cancers that arise from connective tissues such as bones and muscles, while carcinomas arise from cells that make up the body's epithelial tissues. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects blood cells, specifically the cells that produce white blood cells.

Question 7

Stephanie engages in several health-risk behaviors, including smoking, lack of physical activity, and poor diet. If she chooses to change only one of these behaviors, which change will have the biggest impact on reducing her risk of developing a chronic disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking has the biggest impact on reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Smoking cessation can reduce these risks immediately and long-term, while changes to diet and physical activity may take more time to have a significant impact.

Question 8

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of adult mortality in the United States, causing more than

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cardiovascular disease is responsible for about 31% of all deaths in the United States each year, which is equivalent to 3 in 10 deaths. This includes deaths from conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and heart failure.

Question 9

Which of the following factors contributes to healthy blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Arteries that stretch and recoil contribute to healthy blood pressure by effectively regulating blood flow and preventing high blood pressure. Narrowed arteries, soft plaque buildup, and sclerotic arteries can all lead to high blood pressure and other cardiovascular problems.

Question 10

Hardened and ruptured artery plaque may result in

Accepted Answer

When artery plaque hardens and ruptures, it can cause the formation of a blood clot that can block blood flow through the artery, leading to a heart attack or stroke. Plaque breaking off and moving through the bloodstream can also contribute to the formation of a clot, but the clot itself is the immediate concern. Blood flow being shunted to nearby arteries or lower blood oxygen saturation are not direct consequences of hardened and ruptured artery plaque.

Question 11

Depending on severity, coronary heart disease can cause all of the following except

Accepted Answer

High cholesterol is actually a risk factor for coronary heart disease, but it is not a direct symptom or consequence of the disease itself. Angina, sudden cardiac arrest, and heart attack are all potential outcomes of coronary heart disease.

Question 12

Blood travels back to the heart via the

Accepted Answer

Blood travels back to the heart via the veins. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and they connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 13

The type of cardiovascular disease responsible for the most deaths in the United States is

Accepted Answer

Coronary heart disease is responsible for the most deaths in the United States, accounting for approximately 1 in every 4 deaths. It occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, leading to narrowing and hardening of the arteries and an increased risk of heart attack and sudden cardiac death.

Question 14

Which of the following is the most life-threatening form of an arrhythmia?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular fibrillation is the most life-threatening form of arrhythmia because it can quickly lead to loss of consciousness, cardiac arrest, and death if not treated immediately. It occurs when the heart's lower chambers quiver instead of contracting properly, which prevents the heart from pumping blood effectively. Atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, and bradycardia are also serious arrhythmias but are generally not as immediately life-threatening as ventricular fibrillation.

Question 15

As of 2011, incidence of which chronic disease had more than doubled tripled over the previous 31 years?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the incidence of diabetes had more than tripled from 1980 to 2011.

Question 16

Fred is a 60-year-old male who is obese and physically inactive. He was recently diagnosed with diabetes by his physician, but he is not taking supplemental insulin. Which type of diabetes does he likely have?

Accepted Answer

Fred's age, obesity, physical inactivity, and lack of supplemental insulin suggest that he has Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes typically presents at a younger age, involves autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, and always requires supplemental insulin. Type 1.5 diabetes is a relatively new subtype that shares characteristics of both Type 1 and Type 2, but it is not yet widely recognized. Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnancy and typically resolves after delivery.

Question 17

All the following statements describe chronic disease except

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases are non-communicable, meaning they cannot be easily spread from one person to another. Therefore, statement C is incorrect. Statements A, B, and D are true descriptions of chronic diseases.

Question 18

Jorge has a blood pressure reading of 120/80. This classifies him as having

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jorge has a blood pressure reading of...

Question 19

Amanda smokes a half pack of cigarettes per day, is inactive, and has a poor dietary intake. Which of the following chronic diseases is she at risk of developing?

Accepted Answer

Amanda's combination of smoking, inactivity, and poor diet put her at risk for multiple chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following factors may damage the inner linings of the arteries?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure, smoking, and certain types of infections can all cause damage to the inner linings of the arteries, which can lead to the formation of plaques and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, all of the answers are correct.

Quiz 13: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer