Question 1

Which of the following is a role of the brain processes and blood chemistry on hunger?

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus is involved in reducing hunger by signaling satiety.

Question 2

Gary wants to lose weight by reducing his caloric intake.He eats a candy bar for breakfast instead of a bowl of cereal because the candy bar has fewer calories.Is Gary doing the right thing?

Accepted Answer

The candy bar may have fewer calories than the bowl of cereal, but it is not a nutritious breakfast choice and is likely to cause Gary to feel hungry sooner than if he had eaten the cereal. It is important to choose foods that provide sustained energy and keep you feeling full for longer periods of time when trying to lose weight.

Question 3

Who among the following is most likely to be an advocate of the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who among the following is most likely...

Question 4

Haruki is an excellent dancer.However,he claims that he can dance only when there are very few people watching his performance.He admits that his performance drastically declines when he dances alone because he does not feel motivated to dance for himself.His best performances are when there are just a moderate number of people watching his performance.Haruki's theory on his dancing is consistent with the

Accepted Answer

Haruki's theory aligns with the Yerkes-Dodson law, which suggests that performance is best at moderate levels of arousal. With too little or too much arousal, performance declines. Haruki performs best when there is a moderate number of people watching, indicating an optimal level of arousal for him. The other theories do not relate to Haruki's specific situation as well.

Question 5

Debbie is interested in working on projects that will help fight childhood obesity.She is offered a job in a laboratory where researchers are studying the effects of leptin on weight control.Is the job relevant to Debbie's interest?

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone that is known to be linked to human weight control and loss, making the job relevant to Debbie's interest in fighting childhood obesity. Option A is incorrect because leptin is not exclusive to animal weight control but rather affects humans as well. Option B is incorrect because leptin is not a neurotransmitter associated with memory. Option C is partially correct because leptin is involved in regulating blood sugar levels, but this is not the aspect that is most relevant to Debbie's interest in fighting childhood obesity.

Question 6

When a person's blood sugar level falls too low,he feels

Accepted Answer

When the blood sugar level falls too low, the body experiences hypoglycemia, which triggers hunger and a craving for food. This is the body's way of signaling that it needs more glucose to function properly.

Question 7

Identify a true statement about leptin.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which in turn increases energy metabolism and can lead to weight loss.

Question 8

Identify a true statement about overlearning.

Accepted Answer

Overlearning has been found to be reliable under conditions of high arousal, such as stress or pressure. It helps solidify long-term memory and automaticity of a task, reducing the chances of forgetting or making errors. However, it may not be effective in a state of crisis or emergency where quick adaptive responses are required. Overlearning does not adversely affect the performance of a task, and there is no evidence to suggest that it reduces the ability of an individual to achieve homeostasis.

Question 9

A major criticism of the drive reduction theory is that it does not provide a comprehensive framework for understanding motivation because

Accepted Answer

The drive reduction theory assumes that all behaviors are driven by a biological need or drive, and that the purpose of behavior is to reduce these drives. However, there are many examples of behaviors that seem to increase rather than reduce drives, such as taking risks or seeking out novel experiences. This suggests that there are other factors involved in motivation, beyond simple drive reduction.

Question 10

Soon after meeting with a car accident,Sally was rushed to the hospital.The doctors discovered that Sally's ventromedial hypothalamus had suffered some damage as a result of the accident.In the context of the biology of hunger,the doctor should expect that Sally will

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating satiety and controlling food intake. Damage to this part of the brain often results in hyperphagia, an increased drive to eat, and a significant and rapid weight gain, as the individual's appetite becomes insatiable. Therefore, Sally is likely to gain weight rapidly after the accident.

Question 11

In humans,high concentrations of leptin has been linked with

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which in turn can lead to weight loss. High concentrations of leptin signal the brain that the body has enough energy stored, reducing appetite and potentially leading to weight loss.

Question 12

Paige is a good golfer but has no interest in the upcoming golf tournament.Mary is fairly good at golf and is somewhat excited,but not overly anxious about the tournament.Sara has only recently learned to play golf but has very high expectations and is really nervous about the tournament.Jenna is also a beginner,but she does not expect to play well.According to the Yerkes-Dodson law,who among the following will perform the best at the golf tournament?

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that performance is best at a moderate level of arousal. With this in mind, Mary, who has moderate excitement about the tournament and moderate golf skills, is likely to perform the best. Paige may have high golf skills, but her lack of interest may lead to lower arousal levels and perhaps lower performance. Sara's high expectations and nervousness may lead to too much arousal, which can negatively impact performance. Jenna's lack of expectations and beginner status may lead to lower arousal levels and potentially lower performance.

Question 13

The Yerkes-Dodson law states that

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Yerkes-Dodson law states that
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Question 14

Who among the following is most likely to show no interest in eating?

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is involved in promoting eating. When it is destroyed, as in Hagen's case, it leads to a lack of interest in eating. The other options involve conditions that typically increase eating behavior or are associated with abnormal eating patterns, not a lack of interest in eating.

Question 15

Because the brain critically depends on glucose for energy,a sprinter would best be served by eating _____ prior to a race.

Accepted Answer

Candy or another fast-acting carbohydrate source would be best prior to a race for a quick boost of glucose to the brain and muscles.

Question 16

Which of the following is most closely related to blood sugar control?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is the hormone that is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels by signaling cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. Leptin is involved in regulating appetite and energy expenditure, epinephrine is involved in the stress response and can affect blood sugar levels, and cholecystokinin is involved in digestion and satiety. However, of these options, insulin is the most closely related to blood sugar control.

Question 17

Darrin is a good pianist.However,when he is alone,he becomes lethargic and is not motivated to perform well.At recitals with strangers,Darrin gets very overly aroused and often makes mistakes.His best performance is typically when his family and friends are nearby.In such situations,Darrin isn't nervous and is only moderately aroused.This scenario best exemplifies

Accepted Answer

This scenario best exemplifies Yerkes-Dodson law, which suggests that performance is best at moderate levels of arousal. Darrin's best performance occurs when his arousal is moderate, which is when his family and friends are nearby. However, when he is alone, he is not motivated and when he is with strangers, he becomes overly aroused, resulting in mistakes.

Question 18

The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)

Accepted Answer

The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) signals a person to stop eating by telling the brain that the stomach is full.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the biology of hunger with regard to the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hunger is triggered by a set of sugar receptors in the brain when sugar levels fall too low, signaling the need to eat to restore energy balance.

Question 20

Leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK)are similar in that they are both associated with

Accepted Answer

Both leptin and CCK are hormones that are released in response to food intake and signal to the brain to decrease food intake. Leptin is produced by fat cells and signals satiety, while CCK is released by the small intestine and signals fullness.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion