Question 1

_____ influences eating by inhibiting the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that induces eating.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone released by adipose tissue that plays a key role in regulating energy balance and appetite. It acts on the hypothalamus to inhibit the production of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide, which induce eating behavior. Therefore, higher levels of leptin lead to decreased appetite and food intake. Adrenalin and calcitonin do not have a direct effect on appetite regulation, while insulin plays a role in glucose metabolism but does not inhibit the production of appetite-inducing neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus.

Question 2

Identify a true statement about adipose cells.

Accepted Answer

Adipose cells, also known as fat cells, are cells that store fat in one's body. They can be found in individuals of all weights, and their amount increases in individuals who are overweight or obese.

Question 3

Who among the following is most likely to be suffering from anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to restricted food intake and potentially severe weight loss. Essme, who refuses to eat any meal for fear of gaining weight, is most likely suffering from anorexia nervosa. Binge eating and purging behaviors are more characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Eating excessively in social situations but not alone could be a sign of binge eating disorder or other forms of disordered eating, but it is not specific enough to identify a specific disorder.

Question 4

Danielle is a woman of normal weight,whereas Ron is an obese man.Whenever they go out to dinner together,Ron always eats more food.Ron,a psychology major,correctly explains this difference in food intake by pointing out that

Accepted Answer

Obesity can be caused by having more fat cells which results in a slower satiety response. Ron's explanation that he has more fat cells than Danielle and is not satiated until all his fat cells are filled is therefore a valid explanation for why he eats more food.

Question 5

Identify a feature of anorexia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

People with anorexia nervosa refuse to maintain weight at a healthy level, often through restrictive eating and/or excessive exercise. This is a defining feature of the disorder. Option A is incorrect as anorexia nervosa is not rare, and in fact, it is the third most common chronic illness among adolescents. Option C is partially correct but not a defining feature of the disorder. People with anorexia nervosa may have a fear of gaining weight, but it may not necessarily be an intense fear of losing weight. Option D is incorrect as anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of an individual suffering from obesity?

Accepted Answer

An obese individual often has a higher set point for hunger and may need to eat more to feel satisfied due to changes in hormones and metabolism.

Question 7

Mariah is an adolescent.She idolizes Gisele Bundchen,the famous supermodel.Mariah desires to be skinny like Gisele because she believes that being thin is considered attractive.In her pursuit of losing weight,Maria often refrains from eating for several full days.She begins to fear the thought of gaining weight and is not satisfied even when she loses weight.Mariah is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Mariah's desire to be thin, fear of weight gain, and restriction of food intake for several full days are all symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Additionally, her idolization of a very thin supermodel and dissatisfaction even when she loses weight are also common in individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Question 8

Which of the following is associated with anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa often leads to severe constipation due to malnutrition and a decrease in food intake, which affects the digestive system's function.

Question 9

Sean is an obese teenager.He has strong cravings for food.He eats large portions of food every day.His mother,Anita,is worried about his eating habits as well as the health hazards that might arise as a result of overeating.Which of the following measures can prove most effective in curbing Sean's obesity?

Accepted Answer

Serving Sean's food in a small-sized plate and bowl can help in curbing his obesity as it will limit the amount of food he can consume in one sitting. This can also help in establishing healthy portion sizes and prevent overeating. Option A is a good measure, but Sean should also be guided on how to recognize feelings of satiety to prevent him from eating excessively. Option B can reinforce the idea of finishing all the food on his plate, which may lead to overeating. Option D is not a healthy or effective method to control obesity.

Question 10

Amber wants to reduce her weight.She is already below the normal weight level for her age group.She goes on a strict diet to reduce her weight and refuses to eat anything for fear of gaining weight.Amber is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Amber's refusal to eat anything and fear of gaining weight is a classic symptom of anorexia nervosa. This disorder is characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, despite being underweight, and can lead to severe health complications.

Question 11

Paris thinks her friend,Nicole,may be suffering from an undiagnosed case of anorexia nervosa.She shares her concerns with Nicole,but Nicole insists that anorexia nervosa is a trivial issue.Which of the following is the most serious consequence of anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa can lead to severe health complications, including damage to the thyroid. The thyroid gland is crucial for regulating metabolism, and its impairment can have widespread effects on the body's systems.

Question 12

Though her weight is normal,Ashley is terrified of gaining extra pounds.She knows she should stick to a healthy diet,but she often consumes huge servings of junk food-up to 5,000 calories in one sitting.Desperate to keep her weight under control,she then uses laxatives and diuretics to purge the calories.Ashley is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Ashley is exhibiting behavior characteristic of bulimia nervosa, including binge eating and purging through the use of laxatives and diuretics. While she may have anxiety about weight gain, she is not exhibiting the severe food restriction typically seen in anorexia nervosa. Additionally, she is not necessarily obese, as her weight is said to be normal, and she is not exclusively engaging in binge eating, which would suggest a diagnosis of binge eating disorder.

Question 13

Bianca is very self-conscious about her weight.She indulges in strict dieting and often skips her meals.As a result,she was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis,an abnormal condition related to the thinning of bones.Bianca is most likely to be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Bianca's strict dieting and skipping meals indicate an unhealthy preoccupation with weight and body image, which are symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Osteoporosis is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa, as the body does not receive adequate nutrition to maintain healthy bone density. Somnambulism is sleepwalking, and binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa involve episodes of overeating followed by compensatory behaviors, which are not described in the scenario.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is said to have the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder, making this option the correct choice. Option A is incorrect as anorexia is much more common in girls and women than in boys and men. Option B is incorrect as individuals with anorexia nervosa often weigh much less than what is considered normal for age and height. Option C is also incorrect as anorexia nervosa affects individuals of different ethnicities, social classes, and ages, and is not limited to Latin American female adolescents or young adults from low income families.

Question 15

Edna loves McDonald's sweet tea.Whenever she sees the famous "golden arches",she drives right in and orders a sweet tea.This best illustrates the effect of _____ on her eating behavior.

Accepted Answer

Edna's love for McDonald's sweet tea shows a learned association between the sight of the golden arches and her desire to consume the sweet beverage. This learned association influences her eating behavior every time she sees the McDonald's logo.

Question 16

Identify a true statement about bulimia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Bulimia nervosa typically begins in late adolescence, although it can also develop in early adulthood. The disorder is more commonly seen in females than in males. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may appear within a normal weight range, making it difficult to detect. The disorder is also associated with low self-esteem and feelings of shame and guilt, rather than high self-efficacy.

Question 17

Rachel is a young woman of medium build.On a professional level,she has very high standards but suffers from low confidence.Rachel often engages in impulsive eating.However,after eating,she purges by self-induced vomiting because she has a fear of gaining weight.Rachel is most likely to be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Rachel displays symptoms of binge-eating followed by purging, which are characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Additionally, her fear of gaining weight and low self-confidence provide further evidence for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Obesity and bipolar disorder do not fit the symptoms described, and while anorexia nervosa also involves a fear of weight gain, it is typically associated with restrictive eating rather than binge-eating and purging behaviors.

Question 18

_____ refers to the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight.

Accepted Answer

Set point refers to the weight that the body naturally strives to maintain through regulation of hunger, metabolism, and other physiological processes. It is often thought of as a "weight thermostat" and can vary from person to person. The other options, basal metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate, and body mass index, are related to weight but not specifically to the weight that is maintained without effort.

Question 19

Brianna has a sweet tooth.She cannot resist the urge to eat fudge brownies and chocolate tarts.She relishes feasting on sugary food items.However,being of a slim build,she wants to maintain her weight.She often gets depressed about her uncontrollable eating urges and consumes emetic,a drug to induce barfing.Brianna is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Brianna's behavior of consuming emetic, which is used to induce vomiting, suggests that she is engaging in purging behavior. This, along with her uncontrollable eating urges and desire to maintain her weight, is indicative of bulimia nervosa. Obesity, bipolar disorder, and anorexia nervosa are not consistent with the symptoms described.

Question 20

_____ antagonists have been used to treat obesity in humans.

Accepted Answer

Serotonin antagonists have been used to treat obesity in humans by reducing appetite and increasing feelings of fullness. Dopamine antagonists have been used in the treatment of other conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine antagonists have not been used in the treatment of obesity.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion