Question 1

Tammy is very upset because she received a poor grade on a big English assignment. It would be most accurate to say that Tammy is experiencing a(n) ____.
A) emotion
B) affect
C) mood
D) attitude

Accepted Answer

Emotion refers to a specific psychological response to a particular event or situation, which in this case is Tammy's poor grade on the English assignment. Affect refers to the general tone or overall direction of someone's emotions, whereas mood refers to a more pervasive and long-term emotional state. Attitude refers to a person's evaluation or beliefs about a particular object, person, or situation, which is not necessarily the case with Tammy regarding her poor grade.

Question 2

Which of the following theories of emotion inspired the facial feedback hypothesis?
A) The Cannon-Bard theory
B) The James-Lange theory
C) The Schachter-Singer theory
D) The excitation transfer theory

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis, which suggests that facial expressions can actually influence emotional experience, was inspired by the James-Lange theory of emotion. The James-Lange theory proposes that emotions arise from our bodily responses to external stimuli, meaning that we first experience a physical sensation and then interpret that sensation as an emotion. The facial feedback hypothesis builds on this idea by suggesting that intentionally changing our facial expression can alter the physical sensations we experience and therefore change our emotions.

Question 3

In social psychology, a feeling state that is not linked to any particular event is known as a(n) ____.
A) mood
B) emotion
C) affect
D) response

Accepted Answer

A mood is a general and long-lasting emotional state that is not necessarily tied to a specific event or situation. In contrast, an emotion is a more intense and short-lived reaction to a particular event or stimulus, while affect describes the overall quality and intensity of an individual's emotional state. Response refers to any observable behavior or physiological reaction that is associated with emotions or affect.

Question 4

People typically tend to form affects ____.
A) within a few microseconds
B) within a few seconds or minutes
C) after a few days or weeks of being exposed to someone or something
D) across a span of several years

Accepted Answer

The answer of People typically tend to form affects ____.
A)...

Question 5

Madge woke up this morning feeling grouchy and annoyed. When asked why she is feeling this way, she can't seem to come up with any particular reason. It would be most accurate to say that she is experiencing a(n) ____.
A) affect
B) emotion
C) mood
D) attitude

Accepted Answer

A mood is a longer-lasting and less intense feeling state than an emotion, and doesn't necessarily have a specific trigger or cause. Madge's feeling of grouchiness and annoyance seem to fit the definition of a mood rather than a specific emotion or attitude.

Question 6

Within social psychological research on emotion, the term "arousal" is used to refer to ____.
A) the physiological reaction linked to most emotions
B) any positive emotion
C) any physiological response that prepares the person for sexual activity
D) attraction

Accepted Answer

In social psychological research on emotion, the term "arousal" specifically refers to the physiological reaction linked to most emotions, such as increased heart rate, sweating, and heightened alertness.

Question 7

Most researchers describe affect as ____.
A) occurring along a single dimension, ranging from negative to positive
B) occurring along a single dimension, ranging from weak to strong
C) occurring along two separate dimensions - negative and positive
D) occurring along two separate dimensions - weak and strong

Accepted Answer

Most researchers describe affect as occurring along two separate dimensions - negative and positive. This is known as the valence dimension, with negative affect representing unpleasant feelings such as anger or sadness, and positive affect representing pleasant feelings such as joy or contentment.

Question 8

According to the text, an affect is different than an emotion in that an affect is ____ while an emotion is ____.
A) a feeling state that is not linked to a particular event; a conscious evaluative reaction to some event
B) an automatic response that something is good or bad; a feeling state that is not linked to a particular event
C) an automatic response that something is good or bad; a conscious evaluative reaction to some event
D) a conscious evaluative reaction to some event; an automatic response that something is good or bad

Accepted Answer

An affect is an automatic response that something is good or bad, whereas an emotion is a conscious evaluative reaction to some event.

Question 9

When social psychologists talk about quick and automatic reactions that are simply positive or negative (as opposed to being full-blown, complex feelings), they are talking about ____.
A) moods
B) emotions
C) affects
D) drives

Accepted Answer

Social psychologists commonly refer to quick and automatic reactions as affects. Affects are simplified forms of emotions that are either positive or negative, and they are often the result of a first impression or a brief encounter with a person or situation. Moods, on the other hand, are more enduring and may have more complex emotional experiences attached to them. Drives are a different concept altogether, referring to internal motivational states that push individuals towards certain behaviors or goals.

Question 10

In the opening of this chapter, two men's reactions to spam e-mail were described. The fact that neither of the men were able to shrug off their annoyance to the spam illustrates the fact that ____.
A) emotion is largely consciously controlled
B) emotion is largely outside conscious awareness
C) emotion is a positive coping skill
D) emotion is a negative coping skill

Accepted Answer

The men's inability to simply ignore their annoyance suggests that their emotional response to the spam is not something they can consciously control, indicating that emotion is largely outside conscious awareness.

Question 11

A physiological reaction that entails a quickened heartbeat and more labored breathing would most likely be linked to ____.
A) control
B) arousal
C) drive
D) motivation

Accepted Answer

A quickened heartbeat and more labored breathing are physical indications of arousal.

Question 12

The James-Lange theory of emotion and the facial feedback hypothesis are similar in that they both suggest that, in emotional situations, ____.
A) our physiological responses and reactions precede and help drive our conscious emotional experiences
B) our conscious emotional experiences precede and help drive our physiological responses and reactions
C) we label our emotions-decide what emotion it is we are feeling-by looking to the outside world
D) we label our emotions-decide what emotion it is we are feeling-by consciously assessing the situation

Accepted Answer

Both the James-Lange theory and the facial feedback hypothesis propose that our physiological responses precede and help determine our conscious emotional experiences. In the James-Lange theory, physiological arousal comes first and sets the stage for emotional experience, while in the facial feedback hypothesis, changes in facial muscles (also a physiological response) can trigger emotional experiences.

Question 13

Salespeople who force themselves to smile at customers all day may actually end up feeling relatively happy. This effect can be best explained by ____.
A) the facial feedback hypothesis
B) excitation transfer theory
C) the Yerkes-Dodson law
D) catharsis theory

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence emotions, so forcing oneself to smile can actually lead to feeling happier.

Question 14

Alice was attacked by a pig when she was a child, and developed a strong phobia of pigs. Whenever she sees a pig-whether on a farm, in a zoo, or even in a movie-she has a strong and immediate automatic reaction. This reaction is best classified as a(n) ____.
A) emotion
B) affect
C) mood
D) attitude

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alice was attacked by a pig when...

Question 15

Emotions are both positive and negative. Once people experience both types of emotion, they generally try to orchestrate their lives to maximize the experience of positive emotion and minimize the experience of negative emotion. This pattern illustrates that emotions provide ____.
A) a feedback system
B) enrichment to life
C) the intent for criminal behavior
D) a motive for creative behavior

Accepted Answer

Emotions provide a feedback system by which individuals try to maximize positive emotions and minimize negative emotions. This indicates that emotions have an evaluative function and provide feedback on how an individual's goals, needs, and values are being met.

Question 16

Consider the following quote: "... we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble...". With which of the following theories is this MOST consistent?
A) The Cannon-Bard theory
B) The James-Lange theory
C) The Schachter-Singer theory
D) The excitation transfer theory

Accepted Answer

The quote is most consistent with the James-Lange theory, which proposes that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion. According to this theory, we feel an emotion because of the bodily reactions we experience. In the quote, crying, striking, and trembling are all examples of bodily reactions that are associated with emotions such as sorrow, anger, and fear, respectively.

Question 17

Affective reactions differ from emotions in a number of ways. For example, affective reactions tend to ____.
A) occur more automatically
B) involve a stronger behavioral component
C) be more likely to relate to particular events
D) be more complex

Accepted Answer

Affective reactions tend to occur more automatically than emotions.

Question 18

According to the textbook, an affect is ____.
A) a feeling state that is not linked to a particular event
B) a largely automatic response that something is good or bad
C) a conscious evaluative reaction to some event
D) a judgment containing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, affect is defined as "the automatic evaluation that something is good or bad," making option B the best answer. Option A describes mood, option C describes an attitude, and option D describes a belief.

Question 19

According to the text, emotions are ____, whereas moods are ____.
A) linked to particular events; not linked to particular events
B) not linked to particular events; linked to particular events
C) automatic responses; conscious evaluations
D) conscious evaluations; automatic responses

Accepted Answer

Emotions are typically linked to specific events or stimuli, while moods tend to be less tied to specific triggers and may last for longer periods of time. This is reflected in the distinction between "emotional events" and "mood states" in psychology research.

Question 20

The so-called "facial feedback hypothesis" refers to the idea that
A) facial expressions seem to have evolved in order for humans to better communicate feelings to one another.
B) we get information about what other people are feeling via their facial expressions.
C) others' emotional facial expressions can actually evoke or heighten our own emotional experiences.
D) feedback from our own facial muscles can actually evoke or heighten our own emotional experiences.

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that feedback from our own facial muscles can actually evoke or heighten our own emotional experiences. This means that the expressions we make with our face can influence our own emotional state.

Quiz 6: Emotion and Affect

Tammy is very upset because she received a poor grade on a big English assignment. It would be most accurate to say that Tammy is experiencing a(n) ____.

Which of the following theories of emotion inspired the facial feedback hypothesis?

In social psychology, a feeling state that is not linked to any particular event is known as a(n) ____.

People typically tend to form affects ____.

Madge woke up this morning feeling grouchy and annoyed. When asked why she is feeling this way, she can't seem to come up with any particular reason. It would be most accurate to say that she is experiencing a(n) ____.

Within social psychological research on emotion, the term "arousal" is used to refer to ____.

Most researchers describe affect as ____.

According to the text, an affect is different than an emotion in that an affect is while an emotion is .

When social psychologists talk about quick and automatic reactions that are simply positive or negative (as opposed to being full-blown, complex feelings) , they are talking about ____.

In the opening of this chapter, two men's reactions to spam e-mail were described. The fact that neither of the men were able to shrug off their annoyance to the spam illustrates the fact that ____.

A physiological reaction that entails a quickened heartbeat and more labored breathing would most likely be linked to ____.

The James-Lange theory of emotion and the facial feedback hypothesis are similar in that they both suggest that, in emotional situations, ____.

Salespeople who force themselves to smile at customers all day may actually end up feeling relatively happy. This effect can be best explained by ____.

Alice was attacked by a pig when she was a child, and developed a strong phobia of pigs. Whenever she sees a pig-whether on a farm, in a zoo, or even in a movie-she has a strong and immediate automatic reaction. This reaction is best classified as a(n) ____.

Emotions are both positive and negative. Once people experience both types of emotion, they generally try to orchestrate their lives to maximize the experience of positive emotion and minimize the experience of negative emotion. This pattern illustrates that emotions provide ____.

Consider the following quote: "... we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble...". With which of the following theories is this MOST consistent?

Affective reactions differ from emotions in a number of ways. For example, affective reactions tend to ____.

According to the textbook, an affect is ____.

According to the text, emotions are , whereas moods are .

The so-called "facial feedback hypothesis" refers to the idea that