Which of the Following Has Contributed to the Problem of Advertising

Which of the following has contributed to the problem of advertising clutter on television?

A) The increased use of shorter commercials.
B) The use of zipping and zapping techniques by some advertisers.
C) The mandate of the National Association of Broadcasters to increase the amount of time available for commercials.
D) Decisions by the major networks to decrease the number of minutes they make available for commercials.
E) The use of remote controls leading to zipping and zapping by customers.