Question 1

A want is:

Accepted Answer

A want is the particular way in which a need is satisfied, usually determined by a person's culture, preferences, and experiences.

Question 2

Which theory explains the view that one's behaviour is largely pulled by positive incentives,by anticipating that one will get desirable results?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the anticipated outcome of their actions. It states that people will behave in a certain way if they believe that there is a positive correlation between their actions and achieving a desired outcome. Positive incentives can then act as a motivator for individuals to engage in certain behaviors in order to attain these desired outcomes.

Question 3

Georgio could not decide if it was worth trying to repair his ten-year-old VCR or buy a new one.This is an example of an ________ conflict.

Accepted Answer

Georgio is faced with a decision between two undesirable options: repairing an old VCR or buying a new one. This is the definition of an avoidance-avoidance conflict. He is trying to avoid the negative outcome of wasting money on either option.

Question 4

Two terms often used to describe motivation are:

Accepted Answer

Strength refers to the intensity or level of motivation, while direction refers to the goal or aim towards which the motivation is directed. The other options are less accurate descriptions of motivation. Magnitude is too broad a term to specifically describe motivation, and duration and feeling do not capture the key aspects of motivation as well as strength and direction.

Question 5

At work,Olivia is highly motivated by praise from her boss and coworkers.This type of motivation is accounted for by:

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the belief that their effort will lead to high performance, and their high performance will lead to rewards or positive outcomes. Olivia is motivated by praise, which is a reward or positive outcome, and therefore her motivation is accounted for by expectancy theory. The other options (self-interest theory, attribution theory, and drive theory) do not specifically address the role of rewards and outcomes in motivation.

Question 6

Denise is shopping for a dress.She has narrowed down her final choice to two dresses,but she has a new dilemma.The black number is elegant,and she looks awesome in it and sophisticated.She anticipates Tim's reaction.The blue dress flatters her figure,and besides it would be practical for future occasions.She wants to buy both.She is experiencing which type of motivational conflict?

Accepted Answer

Denise is experiencing an approach-approach conflict, where she must choose between two desirable options: the elegant black dress and the flattering blue dress.

Question 7

Ryan and Jo were talking about which car was the better buy for their daily travel back and forth.Ryan wants the status of driving a Porsche while Jo says he thinks a Honda is a more practical choice.The particular form of consumption which would satisfy their needs is a/an:

Accepted Answer

A want is a form of consumption that satisfies needs, such as Ryan's desire for status with a Porsche and Jo's preference for practicality with a Honda.

Question 8

Denise liked some things about the dresses she saw even though the same dresses also had drawbacks.She really wanted the stunning black dress,but it cost a steep $395.This purchase situation is typical of which type of motivational conflict?

Accepted Answer

This situation represents an approach-avoidance conflict, as Denise wants the black dress (approach), but is deterred by the high cost (avoidance).

Question 9

Billy has not eaten all morning and he impulsively eats a Mars bar,which normally he would avoid eating.Which theory would best explain his behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Drive theory suggests that behaviour is motivated by biological needs such as hunger or thirst. In this case, Billy's hunger drove him to impulsively eat the Mars bar that he would normally avoid.

Question 10

Satisfaction of ________ needs is often subjective and experiential in nature; the satisfaction may be motivated by fantasy and imagination.

Accepted Answer

Hedonic needs refer to the desires for pleasure, fun, and sensory gratification. These needs are often subjective and based on personal experiences and imagination. Satisfaction of hedonic needs may not necessarily serve a practical purpose, but rather provides an emotional or psychological satisfaction.

Question 11

Katrina had a difficult choice to make.The Honda Civic and Mazda 3 cars were almost identical in terms of features and styling,but the Mazda 3 was priced $400 less.She decided to buy the Mazda,but the next day reads a Consumer Reports article that says the Mazda resale value will be $800 less than the Honda after 3 years.In terms of conflict,what is Katrina most likely facing?

Accepted Answer

Katrina is experiencing cognitive dissonance, which is the psychological discomfort that arises when holding two conflicting beliefs or making a difficult choice. She chose the Mazda 3 due to its lower upfront cost, but the information she learned about the car's lesser resale value conflicts with her decision.

Question 12

People are born with needs for certain elements that are necessary to maintain life: food,water,air,and shelter.These needs are called:

Accepted Answer

Biogenic needs refer to the basic needs for survival, such as food, water, air, and shelter. A priori needs refer to innate needs, psychogenic needs refer to social and emotional needs, and actualization needs refer to the need for personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 13

Why can approach-approach conflicts be resolved easier with cognitive dissonance reduction strategies than approach-avoidance conflicts?

Accepted Answer

Approach-approach conflicts result in cognitive dissonance because both alternatives are positive, and the selection of one requires the rejection of the other. On the other hand, approach-avoidance conflict produces less dissonance because one alternative is positive, and the other is clearly negative. Therefore, cognitive dissonance reduction strategies can be more easily employed to resolve approach-approach conflicts than approach-avoidance conflicts.

Question 14

Timothy ate just before his 11:00 class,but now he's beginning to feel hunger pangs.He goes off to buy something to eat.Which need is being fulfilled?

Accepted Answer

The need being fulfilled in this scenario is a utilitarian need, which is hunger. Timothy is buying something to eat to satisfy his physiological need.

Question 15

When there is a gulf between a consumer's present state and some ideal state,this gulf creates a state of tension.The magnitude of this tension determines the urgency the consumer feels to reduce the tension.This degree of arousal is:

Accepted Answer

The degree of arousal that results from the tension between a consumer's present state and an ideal state is referred to as a "drive." This drive motivates the consumer to take action to reduce the tension.

Question 16

A goal has ________,which means it can be positive or negative.

Accepted Answer

Valence refers to the positivity or negativity of a goal. Utility refers to the value or usefulness of a goal. Ranking refers to the prioritization of goals. Voltage is not a relevant term in the context of goal-setting.

Question 17

When Toyota developed the Prius,it focused on offering customers all of the positive benefits of their current models such as reliability and a good price,but it also was able to reduce consumer concerns about negative impacts on the environment.In other words,the marketing managers were able to resolve a ________________ conflict.

Accepted Answer

The conflict described in the scenario is between the positive benefits of Toyota's current models and concerns about negative environmental impacts. This is an example of approach-avoidance conflict, where there are both positive and negative aspects to a decision or option. In this case, the marketing managers were able to resolve this conflict by emphasizing the positive benefits while also addressing the negative concerns.

Question 18

Xavier developed a headache because he had skipped breakfast,but it went away after he ate lunch.He had reached a state of:

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. In this case, Xavier's body was able to return to a balanced state after he ate, indicating that his body was able to maintain homeostasis.

Question 19

People acquire certain needs in the process of becoming a member of a culture: needs for status,power,affiliation,and so on.These needs which reflect the priorities of a culture are called:

Accepted Answer

Psychogenic needs are acquired by individuals as they become members of a culture. These needs, such as status, power, and affiliation, reflect the priorities and values of the culture they are part of.

Question 20

Jasmine bought a new Linda Lundstrom coat for both style and warmth.Based on this information,which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Jasmine's purchase of the Linda Lundstrom coat serves both utilitarian and hedonic needs. The utilitarian need is warmth, which is essential for protection against the cold, while the hedonic need is style or fashion, which provides pleasure and satisfaction. Therefore, choice C is the correct statement. Option A is incorrect because Jasmine's purchase satisfies both utilitarian and hedonic needs. Option B is incorrect because the purchase of the coat serves both functional and emotional aspects. Option D is also wrong because people do satisfy their needs through wants, and in the case of the coat, Jasmine satisfies both her utilitarian and hedonic needs.

Quiz 4: Motivation and Affect