Question 1

Which of the following hormones is(are)absolutely essential for survival by humans?
A)aldosterone
B)parathyroid hormone
C)cortisol
D)aldosterone and cortisol
E)aldosterone and parathyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following hormones is(are)absolutely essential...

Question 2

Consumption of alcohol stimulates urination by
A)stimulating ADH secretion.
B)inhibiting ADH secretion.
C)stimulating vasopressin.
D)stimulating oxytocin.
E)inhibiting aldosteronE.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which normally helps the body reabsorb water to maintain fluid balance. As a result, less water is reabsorbed, and more urine is produced, leading to increased urination.

Question 3

Which one of the following glucocorticoids is important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids)during starvation and as an anti-inflammatory agent?
A)aldosterone
B)cortisol
C)glucagon
D)insulin
E)prolactin

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that is important in both gluconeogenesis during starvation and as an anti-inflammatory agent. It increases blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis, and it also has anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing immune responses. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium and water balance. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Insulin is a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake and storage. Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production.

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the adrenal gland?
A)epinephrine
B)cortisol
C)prolactin
D)aldosterone
E)norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is not produced by the adrenal gland. It is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. The other hormones listed - epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and aldosterone - are produced by the adrenal gland.

Question 5

In mammals,milk production is stimulated by
A)aldosterone.
B)melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
C)prolactin.
D)luteinizing hormone.
E)growth hormonE.

Accepted Answer

Milk production is stimulated by prolactin, a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Aldosterone regulates salt and water balance, melanocyte-stimulating hormone regulates skin pigmentation, luteinizing hormone stimulates ovulation and testosterone production, and growth hormone stimulates growth and metabolism, but none of these hormones are directly involved in milk production.

Question 6

Of all the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland,the hormone with the least critical function in mammals is
A)somatotropin.
B)prolactin.
C)luteinizing hormone.
D)thyroid stimulating hormone.
E)melanocyte-stimulating hormonE.

Accepted Answer

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is involved in regulating skin pigmentation and does not have a critical function in mammals compared to the other hormones listed. Somatotropin, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone are all important for growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

Question 7

The right atrium of the heart secretes atrial natriuretic hormone,which stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water in the urine.Atrial natriuretic hormone,therefore,acts antagonistically to
A)aldosterone.
B)cortisol.
C)glucagon.
D)thyroxine.
E)progesteronE.

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic hormone opposes the effects of aldosterone, which promotes the reabsorption of salt and water in the kidneys. Therefore, the correct choice is A, aldosterone. The other hormones listed do not have direct antagonistic effects on atrial natriuretic hormone.

Question 8

Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
A)prolactin
B)lutenizing hormone
C)calcitonin
D)growth hormone

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It is actually produced by the thyroid gland. The other hormones listed (prolactin, lutenizing hormone, and growth hormone) are all produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 9

Which of the following conditions is not related to Type I or II diabetic disease?
A)elevated levels of blood glucose
B)lowered production of insulin by the pancreas
C)reduced sensitivity to insulin by the body cells
D)ineffective pituitary gland
E)diet and exercise usually help to balance the blood sugar levels

Accepted Answer

Ineffective pituitary gland is not related to Type I or II diabetic disease. The other options are all associated with the development and management of diabetes.

Question 10

When the body's blood glucose level raises above normal,which of the following hormones is produced?
A)glucagon
B)epinephrine
C)insulin
D)norepinephrine
E)prolactin

Accepted Answer

Insulin is produced by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels when they rise above normal.

Question 11

All of the following are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland except
A)oxytocin.
B)prolactin.
C)thyroid-stimulating hormone.
D)melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
E)adrenocorticotropic hormonE.

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, but rather by the posterior pituitary gland. The other hormone choices (prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone) are all secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 12

The hormone stimulating the milk-ejection reflex is called
A)antidiuretic hormone.
B)oxytocin.
C)vasopressin.
D)parathyroid hormone.
E)aldosteronE.

Accepted Answer

The hormone stimulating the milk-ejection reflex is oxytocin. Oxytocin is produced by the pituitary gland and is released in response to suckling or nipple stimulation. It causes the milk to be ejected from the mammary glands into the ducts and out the nipples during breastfeeding.

Question 13

The two hormones that interact to maintain the level of blood glucose are
A)cortisone and testosterone.
B)epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C)glucagon and insulin.
D)LH and FSH.
E)oxytocin and vasopressin.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon and insulin are the two hormones that interact to maintain the level of blood glucose. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels while insulin decreases blood glucose levels. They work together to maintain a steady level of glucose in the bloodstream.

Question 14

Gonadotropins are
A)prolactins.
B)follicle-stimulating hormones.
C)luteinizing hormones.
D)prolactins and oxytocins.
E)follicle-stimulating hormones and luteinizing hormones.

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropins are a group of hormones including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH and LH are produced and released by the pituitary gland and play key roles in the regulation of reproductive processes in both males and females. FSH stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males, while LH triggers ovulation in females and stimulates testosterone production in males.

Question 15

Parathyroid hormone does not cause A)kidneys to resorb Ca²⁺ from the urine. B)the activation of vitamin D. C)increased blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to dissolve bone. D)acceleration of heartbeat.

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone primarily acts on the bones and kidneys to increase blood calcium levels. It does not have a direct effect on the heartbeat. Therefore, option D is incorrect. Options A, B, and C are all true statements about the actions of parathyroid hormone.

Question 16

The hormonal products of the adrenal medulla affect all of the following except they
A)accelerate heartbeat.
B)stimulate synthesis of glycogen.
C)increase blood pressure.
D)reduce blood flow to the skin and digestive organs.
E)increase blood sugar.

Accepted Answer

Hormonal products of the adrenal medulla, namely epinephrine and norepinephrine, do not stimulate synthesis of glycogen. Instead, they stimulate the breakdown of glycogen to increase blood sugar levels, as noted in choice E.

Question 17

Which of the following glands produce hormones that are controlled by negative feedback?
A)gonads
B)pancreas
C)anterior pituitary
D)posterior pituitary
E)pineal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following glands produce hormones...

Question 18

Unlike other hormones,the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by
A)the limbic system.
B)blood vessels.
C)neuron axons.
D)the lymphatic system.
E)the hypopituitary shunt.

Accepted Answer

The hormones made by the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the gland by neuron axons that extend from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. These hormones include oxytocin and vasopressin, which are synthesized in the hypothalamus and travel down these axons to be released from the posterior pituitary gland into the bloodstream.

Question 19

The action of a lipophilic hormones involve all of the following except:
I-Hormone molecules pass through the target cell's plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptor proteins.
II-The hormone-receptor complex binds to specific regions of DNA,thereby activating genes and producing action in the target cells.
III-The second messengers activate previously inactive enzymes.
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)I and II
E)I,II,and III

Accepted Answer

The answer of The action of a lipophilic hormones involve...

Question 20

Nonpolar hormones pass through the plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells without being digested and therefore can be taken orally as pills.Because of this fact,which of the following are available as oral pills for human consumption?
A)insulin and growth hormone
B)thyroid hormone and steroid hormones
C)calcitonin
D)insulin,growth hormone,and steroid hormones
E)calcitonin,growth hormone,and thyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar hormones like thyroid hormone and steroid hormones can pass through the plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells without being digested and therefore can be taken orally as pills. Insulin and growth hormone are polar hormones and cannot be taken orally as pills. Calcitonin is also a polar hormone and cannot be taken orally as pills.

Quiz 46: The Endocrine System

Which of the following hormones is(are) absolutely essential for survival by humans?

Consumption of alcohol stimulates urination by

Which one of the following glucocorticoids is important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids) during starvation and as an anti-inflammatory agent?

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the adrenal gland?

In mammals,milk production is stimulated by

Of all the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland,the hormone with the least critical function in mammals is

The right atrium of the heart secretes atrial natriuretic hormone,which stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water in the urine.Atrial natriuretic hormone,therefore,acts antagonistically to

Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Which of the following conditions is not related to Type I or II diabetic disease?

When the body's blood glucose level raises above normal,which of the following hormones is produced?

All of the following are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland except

The hormone stimulating the milk-ejection reflex is called

The two hormones that interact to maintain the level of blood glucose are

Gonadotropins are

Parathyroid hormone does not cause

The hormonal products of the adrenal medulla affect all of the following except they

Which of the following glands produce hormones that are controlled by negative feedback?

Unlike other hormones,the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by

Nonpolar hormones pass through the plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells without being digested and therefore can be taken orally as pills.Because of this fact,which of the following are available as oral pills for human consumption?