Question 1

Which of the following regarding the adrenal medulla is true?
A)It is located on the kidneys outside the adrenal cortex.
B)It is responsible for producing steroid hormones.
C)It is derived from mesodermal tissue.
D)It releases hormones that have no effect on the cardiovascular system.
E)It is disconnected from the neural system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following regarding the adrenal...

Question 2

At what step in the cAMP pathway does amplification not occur?
A)receptor-G protein interaction
B)G protein-cAMP interaction
C)cAMP-protein kinase interaction
D)protein kinase-effector molecule interaction
E)every step in the cAMP pathway produces some amplification

Accepted Answer

Amplification occurs at every step in the cAMP pathway.

Question 3

Insects are capable of shedding their exoskeletons in a process called molting.This is especially noticeable in juvenile insects.Select the best choice that presents a diagrammed sequence of events during the molting process.
A)prior to molting-brain surface cells secrete brain hormone$\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome $\rarr$ which causes molting
B)prior to molting-brain surface cells secrete juvenile hormone $\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome $\rarr$ which causes molting
C)prior to molting-brain surface cells secrete ecdysome $\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce juvenile hormone $\rarr$ which causes molting
D)prior to molting-the corpora allata near the brain secretes brain hormone $\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome $\rarr$ which causes molting
E)prior to molting-the corpora allata near the brain secretes juvenile hormone $\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome $\rarr$ which causes molting

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence involves the brain surface cells secreting brain hormone, which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysone, leading to molting.

Question 4

Which of the following is not an example of glandular secretion?
A)salivating
B)sweating
C)spider spinning web
D)lactating
E)release of oxytocin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not an...

Question 5

Why does the cAMP pathway produce so many different physiological effects?
A)There is a wide variety of effector proteins that can react with protein kinase A.
B)cAMP has a completely different mechanism in each cell.
C)Protein kinase a is completely different in each tissue.
D)Receptors in the camp pathway dictate the response.

Accepted Answer

The cAMP pathway produces many different physiological effects because there are a wide variety of effector proteins that can react with protein kinase A. Different cells can express different effector proteins, leading to a range of responses.

Answer: D
 Additionally, receptors in the cAMP pathway dictate the response by activating specific downstream effectors. Different cells can express different receptors, leading to a range of responses.

Question 6

Which of the following regarding the salivary glands is false?
A)Salivary glands are under direct neural control.
B)They can be influenced by conditioned and unconditioned reflexes.
C)They are considered an endocrine gland.
D)They secrete saliva consisting mostly of water.
E)They secrete saliva capable of digesting starch.

Accepted Answer

Salivary glands are not considered an endocrine gland. They are exocrine glands as they secrete their products through ducts. Endocrine glands secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream.

Question 7

A diverse group of paracrine regulators are called prostaglandins.Prostaglandins participate in a variety of regulatory functions in many of the body's systems.Prostaglandins are used in the
I-immune system.
II-reproductive system.
III-digestive system.
IV-respiratory system.
V-circulatory system.
VI-urinary system.
A)I,II,and III
B)I,II,III,and IV
C)I,II,III,IV,and V
D)II,III,and VI
E)I,II,III,IV,V,and VI

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins are involved in various regulatory functions across all the listed systems: immune, reproductive, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and urinary.

Question 8

Sex steroid hormones are secreted by the
I-testes.
II-ovaries.
III-placenta.
IV-adrenal cortex.
V-adrenal medulla.
A)I and II
B)I,II,and III
C)I,II,III,and IV
D)II,II,III,and V
E)I,II,III,IV,and V

Accepted Answer

Sex steroid hormones are secreted by the testes, ovaries, placenta, and adrenal cortex. The adrenal medulla does not secrete sex steroid hormones; it primarily secretes catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Question 9

The cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete many hormones.From the following list select the hormone that is not secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.
A)growth hormone
B)prolactin
C)follicle-stimulating hormone
D)melanocyte-stimulating hormone
E)antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is not secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Instead, it is produced by the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland.

Question 10

Which hormone is most similar in amino acid structure to chicken vasotocin?
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)angiotensin II
D)growth hormone
E)oxytocin

Accepted Answer

Chicken vasotocin and oxytocin are both nonapeptides with very similar amino acid sequences. Therefore, the hormone most similar in amino acid structure to chicken vasotocin is oxytocin.

Question 11

Select the incorrect statement regarding paracrine regulation from the choices below.
A)Paracrine regulation molecules can be placed into two broad groups called cytokines and growth factors.
B)Nitric oxide,which can function as a neurotransmitter,can also be classed as a paracrine regulator molecule.
C)Endothelin and bradykinin are paracrine molecules that are used in the circulatory system for control of vessel constriction and dilation.
D)Paracrine molecules are released directly into the circulatory system.
E)Nerve growth factor,platelet-growth factor,and insulin-like growth factor are some of the examples of paracrine regulator molecules.

Accepted Answer

Paracrine molecules are released locally, in close proximity to the target cells, and do not enter the circulatory system. Therefore, option D is the incorrect statement.

Question 12

Some hormones can not enter a cell directly because they are too large or polar.From the list select the molecule that acts as a secondary messenger for some of these hormones that can not enter a cell directly.
A)catecholamine
B)cyclic AMP
C)epinephrine
D)norepinephrine
E)calcitonin

Accepted Answer

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) acts as a secondary messenger for some hormones that cannot enter a cell directly because they are too large or polar. Hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to membrane receptors on the cell surface, which activate the G protein signaling pathway, leading to the production of cAMP within the cell. Cyclic AMP then activates protein kinases, which phosphorylate target proteins and mediate the cellular response to the hormone signal.

Question 13

All of the following are examples of sex steroid hormones except
A)estrogen.
B)progesterone.
C)prolactin.
D)testosterone.
E)estradiol.

Accepted Answer

Sex steroid hormones are hormones that regulate sexual development and the reproductive system. Prolactin is not a sex steroid hormone but rather a hormone that regulates milk production in mammals. The other choices (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol) are all examples of sex steroid hormones.

Question 14

Select the mismatched chemical category of a hormone and its example from the choices below.
A)polypeptides-ADH
B)steroid-estradiol
C)amine-FSH
D)glycoprotein-LH
E)steroid-testosterone

Accepted Answer

FSH is a glycoprotein hormone, not an amine hormone. Amine hormones are derived from amino acids, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 15

Hormone secreted by alpha cells of pancreas in response to hypoglycemia
A)glucagon.
B)insulin.
C)glucose.
D)cortisol.
E)glycogen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hormone secreted by alpha cells of pancreas...

Question 16

There are two systems in the human body that are devoted exclusively to the regulation of the body organs.They are the
A)endocrine and circulatory systems.
B)respiratory and circulatory systems.
C)nervous and circulatory systems.
D)nervous and endocrine systems.
E)respiratory and nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

The nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate and coordinate the functions of the body's organs. The nervous system uses electrical signals to quickly transmit messages, while the endocrine system uses hormonal signals to transmit messages more slowly but can have longer-lasting effects. Together, these two systems ensure that the body's organs are working in harmony and responding appropriately to changes in the internal or external environment.

Question 17

In insects,metamorphosis and molting are regulated by which of the following hormones?
A)melatonin
B)ecdysone
C)estrogen
D)somatostatin
E)trypsin

Accepted Answer

Metamorphosis and molting in insects are regulated by ecdysone hormone. Ecdysone is responsible for initiating the molting process and triggering metamorphosis, allowing the insect to change from one developmental stage to another. Melatonin, estrogen, somatostatin, and trypsin are not involved in regulating metamorphosis and molting in insects.

Question 18

Select the mismatched endocrine gland and its hormone.
A)adrenal cortex-aldosterone
B)pancreas-insulin
C)pineal gland-melatonin
D)adrenal medulla-cortisol
E)posterior lobe of pituitary gland-oxytocin

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, not cortisol. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex.

Question 19

Which of the following regarding antidiuretic hormone is false?
A)It regulates water turnover in the mammalian kidney.
B)Secretion is stimulated by high blood osmolarity.
C)It ultimately acts to reabsorb more water.
D)It exerts it effects via the camp pathway.
E)It does not involve the use of aquaporin molecules.

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) involves the use of aquaporin molecules to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 20

Select the incorrect statement about hormones that can enter directly into cells.
A)Steroid hormones and thyroxine can enter directly into cells because of their lipophilic makeup.
B)Water-soluble hormones can enter directly into cells because of their nonpolar status.
C)Steroid hormones do not dissolve in the plasma and are thus transported with special protein carriers,which transport them to their target cells.
D)Once entry into the cell is achieved,some of these hormones bind with specific receptor proteins in the cytoplasm and then can move as a hormone-receptor complex to the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble hormones cannot enter directly into cells because they are polar and unable to pass through the plasma membrane. Instead, they bind to receptors on the cell surface and activate signaling cascades within the cell.

Quiz 46: The Endocrine System

Which of the following regarding the adrenal medulla is true?

At what step in the cAMP pathway does amplification not occur?

Insects are capable of shedding their exoskeletons in a process called molting.This is especially noticeable in juvenile insects.Select the best choice that presents a diagrammed sequence of events during the molting process.

Which of the following is not an example of glandular secretion?

Why does the cAMP pathway produce so many different physiological effects?

Which of the following regarding the salivary glands is false?

Sex steroid hormones are secreted by the I-testes. II-ovaries. III-placenta. IV-adrenal cortex. V-adrenal medulla.

The cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete many hormones.From the following list select the hormone that is not secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

Which hormone is most similar in amino acid structure to chicken vasotocin?

Select the incorrect statement regarding paracrine regulation from the choices below.

Some hormones can not enter a cell directly because they are too large or polar.From the list select the molecule that acts as a secondary messenger for some of these hormones that can not enter a cell directly.

All of the following are examples of sex steroid hormones except

Select the mismatched chemical category of a hormone and its example from the choices below.

Hormone secreted by alpha cells of pancreas in response to hypoglycemia

There are two systems in the human body that are devoted exclusively to the regulation of the body organs.They are the

In insects,metamorphosis and molting are regulated by which of the following hormones?

Select the mismatched endocrine gland and its hormone.

Which of the following regarding antidiuretic hormone is false?

Select the incorrect statement about hormones that can enter directly into cells.