Question 1

According to Max Weber,Calvinists equated material success with

Accepted Answer

According to Max Weber's theory of Protestant Ethic, Calvinists believed that material success was a sign of God's blessing and an indication of one's predestination for salvation. This belief in accumulating wealth and material success through hard work and frugality was seen as a way to prove one's worthiness to God.

Question 2

What is the term used to describe when many individuals begin to engage in a similar behavior independently of one another?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe when many individuals begin to engage in a similar behavior independently of one another is "social trend." A social trend can be influenced by various factors such as technology, media, economics, and societal norms.

Question 3

William Ogburn proposed that ideas and beliefs change less rapidly than technology.This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

Cultural lag refers to the time it takes for non-material culture (such as ideas, beliefs, and values) to catch up and adjust to new technological advancements. Ogburn argued that while technology advances quickly, society may be slower in adapting to these changes, resulting in cultural lag.

Question 4

Current trends in sociological theories which explain social change generally focus on material factors and/or

Accepted Answer

Current trends in sociological theories explain social change by material factors such as economic systems, technology, and resources that have a significant impact on people's behaviors and ideas.

Answer: D 
 While material factors play a crucial role, sociological theories also look at political decisions, influential individuals or groups, and cultural and ideological factors to better understand social change. Therefore, all of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Sociologists who focus on a particular social and historical environment in which social change occurs,rather than focusing on a single factor,use which perspective of social change?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists who focus on a particular social and historical environment in which social change occurs, use the contextual analysis perspective. This perspective looks at the interconnectedness of various factors - such as economic, political, cultural, and technological - that contribute to social change in a specific context. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the unique historical and cultural conditions that shape social change in a particular time and place.

Question 6

Karl Marx's perspective focuses on which of the following to explain social change?

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx's perspective focuses on material factors to explain social change. He believed that economic structures and means of production were the driving force behind social change and the exploitation of certain groups by others.

Question 7

Which choice best captures the definition of globalization?

Accepted Answer

Globalization encompasses the integration of various aspects of social life, including economic, cultural, political, and technological dimensions, beyond merely economic integration or cultural homogenization.

Question 8

According to Karl Marx,what is the underlying factor behind all social change?

Accepted Answer

According to Marx, the underlying factor behind all social change is the mode of production, or the way in which society organizes its labor and resources to produce goods and services. Marx argued that changes in the mode of production drive changes in social relations, institutions, and ideas. He believed that capitalism, for example, had emerged out of feudalism as a new mode of production characterized by wage labor and private ownership of the means of production, and that this new system would inevitably give way to socialism as workers organized to seize control of the means of production and establish a more equitable and democratic society. This view is known as historical materialism, which emphasizes the material conditions of societal development rather than abstract ideas or collective attitudes.

Question 9

What type of social change do social trends cause?

Accepted Answer

Social trends can often lead to unintended social change, meaning changes that occur as a result of the trend that were not necessarily anticipated or planned for. For example, the rise of social media has led to unintended changes in the way we communicate and connect with others, which in turn has impacted various aspects of society such as relationships, politics, and business.

Question 10

Based on Karl Marx's perspective,change in _____ is the foundation of all other social change.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx believed that the economic base or the mode of production was the foundation of all social change. He argued that the economic system determines the social, political, and cultural aspects of society, as it shapes the relationships between people and the means of production. Therefore, any significant social change would require a transformation in the economic system.

Question 11

_____ can be seen as an early form of globalization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ can be seen as an early...

Question 12

Which is the most significant feature of globalization?

Accepted Answer

Increasing integration of societies is the most significant feature of globalization. Globalization has led to the interconnectedness of countries and cultures, facilitating the exchange of ideas, products, and services across borders. This integration has had a significant impact on the world economy, politics, and culture. While increasing use of the internet, access to affordable consumer goods, and decreasing community and civic involvement are also important features of globalization, they are not as significant as the increasing integration of societies.

Question 13

Even though women today enjoy full equality in the workplace,they still collectively make significantly less money than men.This is evidence that while some beliefs and attitudes change,

Accepted Answer

This is because of systemic and structural inequalities that persist in the workplace. Even though some attitudes and beliefs about gender have evolved over time, the structural patterns that create gender-based pay disparities have not yet been fully addressed.

Question 14

Based on Karl Marx's perspective,what is the mode of production?

Accepted Answer

According to Karl Marx, the mode of production refers to the economic system of a society, including the means of production and the relations of production. It is the way in which society organizes itself to produce goods and services. Marx argued that the mode of production determines the nature of the social, political, and cultural institutions of a society.

Question 15

William Ogburn argued that in the face of rapid technological change,people's _____ the new technological reality.

Accepted Answer

William Ogburn's argument suggests that people's beliefs do not keep up with technological change, which implies that they fall behind. Therefore, option A, "beliefs lag behind," is the best choice.

Question 16

Which factor was central to Max Weber's perspective of social change,specifically the rise of capitalism?

Accepted Answer

Max Weber believed that religion played a central role in the rise of capitalism. Specifically, he argued that certain Protestant beliefs, such as the idea of a calling and a duty to work hard, encouraged the development of capitalist economic practices. This suggests that religion, rather than culture, power structure, or solely the economy, was a key factor in social change.

Question 17

Social change is always

Accepted Answer

Social change is not always complete, as it can involve gradual or partial shifts in attitudes or behaviors. It is also not necessarily disturbing or bad, as social change can have positive impacts on society, such as advancements in civil rights or environmental protection.

Question 18

William Ogburn argued that technological development produces

Accepted Answer

William Ogburn saw that although there are benefits to technological development, they also create new social problems.

Question 19

Max Weber argued that _____ contributed to the emergence of industrial capitalism.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber argued that the Protestant ethic, particularly the Calvinist belief in predestination and the idea that success in the worldly sphere was a sign of being chosen by God, encouraged individuals to work hard and accumulate wealth. This work ethic, combined with other factors such as the growth of trade and commerce, contributed to the emergence of industrial capitalism.

Question 20

The Internet has created a virtual community which brings together people who otherwise would never interact.At the same time,real community involvement suffers as people spend more time isolated from the "real" world.While technology creates new patterns of social interaction,it also produces problems.This reflects the perspective of which social theorist?

Accepted Answer

William Ogburn's theory of cultural lag suggests that technological advancements often outpace social and cultural norms, leading to social problems. The statement in the question reflects this concept of technology creating new patterns of social interaction, but also causing problems such as decreased community involvement.

Quiz 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements