Question 1

Linnea said that last night she had dreams about daily activities,such as what she was going to wear to school and what pen to bring to class.Based on the nature of the dreams,it is most likely that Linnea had the dream in __________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Non-REM sleep is associated with more mundane, everyday thoughts and activities, unlike REM sleep which is often associated with more vivid and bizarre dreams.

Question 2

In her dream,Lisa has just won the lottery.Her friend interprets the dream as Lisa's unconscious obsession with money and wealth.Her friend's statement indicates that she is focusing on the __________ content of the dream.

Accepted Answer

Lisa's friend is interpreting the underlying, hidden meaning or latent content of the dream, rather than just the manifest content (the literal elements of the dream). The activation-synthesis and consolidation theories are not relevant to this interpretation of the dream.

Question 3

Tasha is a sleep-deprived college student.In class today,Tasha found her eyes rolling and her arm twitched.Tasha was most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Tasha's symptoms suggest that she was experiencing stage 1 sleep, which is characterized by the presence of theta waves and can be easily disrupted by external stimuli. This is consistent with her sleep-deprived state and the fact that she was in class and likely trying to stay awake. The other options (REM behavior disorder, stage 2 sleep, and narcolepsy) do not fit with Tasha's symptoms.

Question 4

Esther dreams that she is swimming.Esther's psychoanalyst suggests that her dream represents a hidden desire for sexual intimacy.The psychoanalyst would most likely say that in the dream

Accepted Answer

The manifest content of a dream is the actual literal content and storyline of the dream, such as swimming in this case. The latent content would be the hidden psychological meaning, which the psychoanalyst suggests is a desire for sexual intimacy.

Question 5

After playing a difficult soccer match that wore his body out,Jon slept for an extra 4 hours.Jon's extra sleep is best explained by __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The restorative theory suggests that sleep is necessary to restore the body and mind, particularly after physical or mental exertion. Jon's extra sleep after a difficult soccer match can be explained by this theory.

Question 6

Becky,a 35-year-old mother,sleeps whenever her 6-month-old baby does.Even though Becky and her infant get the same amount of sleep,Becky will spend __________ time in __________ sleep compared with her baby.

Accepted Answer

Adults typically spend less time in REM sleep compared to infants, who spend about 50% of their sleep time in REM. Therefore, Becky will spend less time in REM sleep compared to her baby.

Question 7

Rhianna had been asleep for 30 minutes when she was awakened by her roommate screaming at her to pick up the phone.Rhianna was extremely confused,so she grabbed her shoe and said "Hello?" Before she was awakened,Rhianna was most likely in __________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rhianna had been asleep for 30 minutes...

Question 8

One major cause of insomnia is

Accepted Answer

Insomnia can be caused by anxiety and stress about falling asleep or getting enough sleep. This worrying can interfere with the ability to relax and fall asleep, leading to insomnia.

Question 9

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an adaptive function of sleep?

Accepted Answer

While dreaming is a function of sleep, the statement "Sleep allows us to imagine and dream" does not describe an adaptive function of sleep. Dreaming may have some adaptive functions, but it is not essential for survival or necessary for maintaining physical or mental health.

Question 10

Four people of different ages volunteer to take part in a sleep study that monitors their brain waves.The volunteer who will likely spend the most time in REM sleep is a

Accepted Answer

Infants tend to spend a higher percentage of their sleep time in REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, which is associated with dreaming and important for brain development. As children grow older, the amount of time spent in REM decreases, reaching the lowest levels in adults. Therefore, the 3-month-old boy is likely to spend the most time in REM sleep compared to the other volunteers.

Question 11

Your child wakes up during the first hour or two after going to bed and walks around his room with a glassy-eyed look.Based on this information,your child most likely has a sleep disorder called

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking, is a common sleep disorder in which a person tends to walk or perform other activities while still asleep during the early stages of sleep. They may seem confused, disoriented, and have a glassy-eyed look. Sleepwalking episodes usually occur in the first few hours after falling asleep.

Question 12

After Mork has gone through one full sleep cycle,his heart beats faster,his breathing grows fast and irregular,and his closed eyes begin to move back and forth.Mork is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

The description given (increased heart rate, erratic breathing, rapid eye movement) is characteristic of REM sleep.

Question 13

Your roommate says that you seem to wake up dozens of times in the night,gasping for air,but are totally unaware of it.Based on this information,you may be experiencing

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with sleep apnea, which is characterized by interrupted breathing during sleep that can cause the individual to wake up gasping for air. The fact that the individual is unaware of these episodes suggests that they may be experiencing a type of sleep apnea called obstructive sleep apnea, which occurs when the airway is partially or completely blocked during sleep.

Question 14

Mandy typically gets a good night of sleep.However,last night,she stayed up all night studying for her exam.After this one night of sleep deprivation,the next day Mandy will most likely have trouble

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mandy typically gets a good night of...

Question 15

After Mork has gone through one full sleep cycle,his heart beats faster,his breathing grows fast and irregular,and his closed eyes begin to move back and forth.A researcher who is monitoring Mork's EEG activity will most likely see __________ waves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After Mork has gone through one full...

Question 16

Aaron is asleep.His breathing has become more regular and he is less sensitive to external stimulation.The researcher can confirm that Aaron is in stage 2 sleep by looking for __________ on Aaron's EEGs.

Accepted Answer

K-complexes are large, slow waveforms seen on an EEG during stage 2 sleep. Alpha waves are seen during relaxation with eyes closed, beta waves are associated with alertness, and delta waves are seen in deep sleep.

Question 17

You tell your friend Betty about a dream in which you were a giant cupcake.Betty says it means that you have an unconscious desire to drop out of college and become a baker.Betty's statement is describing the __________ content of the dream.

Accepted Answer

Betty's interpretation of the dream is analyzing the hidden or symbolic meaning of the dream, also known as the latent content. The manifest content is the actual images and events that occur in the dream, while activation-synthesis and consolidation theories are explanations for why we dream, rather than interpretations of the content.

Question 18

Circadian rhythms can best be described as

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythms refer to the internal biological clocks that regulate various physiological processes, including hormone production, temperature, and sleep-wake cycles. These rhythms are controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain and are influenced by external cues such as light and darkness.

Question 19

Odin is asleep when his neighbor starts banging on his window.Odin barely moves,and when he does finally wake up,he is confused and disoriented.Before he was awakened,Odin was most likely in __________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Stage 4 sleep is the deepest stage of non-REM sleep, where it is hardest to wake someone, and waking up from it can cause confusion and disorientation.

Question 20

Occasionally,Jessie will fall asleep at inappropriate times,for example,in the middle of talking to a customer at work.Based on this information,Jessie might be experiencing

Accepted Answer

The symptom of falling asleep at inappropriate times is a common sign of narcolepsy, a neurological disorder that affects the brain's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Somnambulism (sleepwalking) and REM behavior disorder involve abnormal behaviors during sleep, while insomnia refers to difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Quiz 3: Consciousness