Question 1

John thinks that his behaviors are influenced by the environment that he is in and not his personality traits.John believes in a psychological idea known as

Accepted Answer

John's belief that his behaviors are influenced by the environment aligns with the concept of situationism, which argues that behavior is primarily shaped by situational factors rather than stable personality traits.

Question 2

Isabelle always believed she was a pretty calm person.Other people,however,think of her as somewhat neurotic.According to research,who would give the most accurate description of Isabelle's personality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Isabelle always believed she was a pretty...

Question 3

The NEO Personality Inventory is an example of a(n)__________ measure of personality.

Accepted Answer

The NEO Personality Inventory is an example of an objective measure of personality because it consists of a standardized set of questions with predetermined answer choices that are used to assess an individual's personality traits. It does not rely on the interpretation of an examiner, making it less subjective than projective measures, nor does it require direct observation of behavior, making it different from observational measures.

Question 4

When Pearl was in high school,she constantly worried about her relationships and her school achievements.Now that she is older,she worries about her health and the environment.This change in the focus of her worrying is due to

Accepted Answer

Characteristic adaptation refers to how individuals' goals, desires, and concerns change throughout their lifespan, as they grow and encounter new challenges. Pearl's change in focus from relationships and school achievements to health and the environment is an example of characteristic adaptation.

Question 5

According to research on gender differences in personality,men tend to be __________ than women.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that men tend to be more assertive than women, with a greater tendency to take charge and assert their opinions and desires. However, it is important to note that gender differences in personality are not absolute and there is overlap between the traits typically associated with men and women.

Question 6

According to research on gender differences in personality,women tend to be __________ than women.

Accepted Answer

Research on gender differences in personality often finds that women tend to score higher on agreeableness compared to men.

Question 7

Cataline is from South Africa and Mika is from Japan.Who is likely to rate herself higher on conscientiousness?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that people from individualistic cultures such as Japan tend to score lower in conscientiousness compared to people from collectivistic cultures such as South Africa. Therefore, Cataline from South Africa is more likely to rate herself higher in conscientiousness.

Question 8

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)is an example of a(n)__________ measure of personality.

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective measure of personality as it involves the interpretation of ambiguous stimuli (pictures) by the person being assessed. The responses are believed to reflect the individual's unconscious thoughts, motives, and desires.

Question 9

Whenever a new guest comes to visit,Aimee points out her favorite abstract painting and asks for the guest's interpretation of it.Aimee believes that by doing so,she is able to discover the guest's unconscious impulses.Aimee is using the painting as a(n)__________ measure of personality.

Accepted Answer

Aimee is using the abstract painting as a projective measure of personality. Projective tests ask individuals to interpret or make sense of ambiguous stimuli, like the abstract painting in this case. The interpretation of the painting can provide insight into the guest's unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 10

You just got a roommate.If you want to get the most accurate judgment of your roommate's personality,who should you ask?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You just got a roommate.If you want...

Question 11

Which of the following is a criticism of the Rorschach inkblot test?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a criticism...

Question 12

Maria goes to a psychologist for a personality profile.To measure her personality,Maria sits at a computer and answers a large number of questions about her feelings,beliefs,and behaviors.The psychologist does not believe the test will reveal unconscious influences and is using a(n)__________ to measure Maria's personality.

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is using an objective test to measure Maria's personality because she is answering a large number of questions about her feelings, beliefs, and behaviors, and the psychologist does not believe the test will reveal unconscious influences. Objective tests are standardized measures in which responses are given in a limited range of options (e.g. true/false or multiple choice), and there is a clear method for scoring the responses. These tests are considered objective because they are not subject to the interpretation of the examiner. Examples of objective tests include the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

Question 13

If you want to see differences in people's personalities,you should observe their behaviors in __________ situations.

Accepted Answer

Weak situations are those with less defined social norms and more ambiguity, allowing for individual personalities to be more visible through their behaviors. In contrast, strong situations have clear expectations for behavior, making it harder to discern individual personality differences.

Question 14

Janie is high on the openness to experience dimension of personality.She likes to skydive and travel to exotic destinations.As she gets older,she may be less likely to skydive,but may still enjoy unusual vacations.This change in Janie's typical activities is due to

Accepted Answer

Characteristic adaptation refers to changes in behavior, goals, and values that occur as individuals age and adapt to new life experiences. As Janie gets older, she may adapt to new preferences and goals that are more in line with her age and lifestyle, leading to changes in her activities such as being less likely to skydive but still enjoying unusual vacations. This is different from a basic tendency (B) which refers to enduring and stable characteristics of personality, and the reticular activating system (C) which is a neural network that controls arousal and alertness. Temperament (D) refers to early emerging, biologically-based tendencies that shape an individual's behavior and personality.

Question 15

Rich is an interactionist.This means that he believes that behavior is determined by

Accepted Answer

As an interactionist, Rich believes that behavior is determined by both the individual's traits and the situations they are in.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a weak situation?

Accepted Answer

A weak situation is one in which there is little pressure or expectation for individuals to conform to social norms or expectations. A casual afternoon playing at the park would be an example of a weak situation, as there is little pressure to conform to any particular behavior or norms. In contrast, a church service, formal dinner, and wedding ceremony are all examples of strong situations, where there are clear expectations for behavior and social norms to follow.

Question 17

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the finding that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures?

Accepted Answer

The finding suggests that there are biological or universal influences on the age-related changes in personality, rather than just cultural differences influencing these changes.

Question 18

The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of a(n)__________ measure of personality.

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach inkblot test is a projective measure of personality, as it presents an ambiguous stimulus and requires the participant to project their own meaning onto it. It is not a completely objective measure, as different interpreters may have different judgments about the participant's responses, and it relies on the subjectivity of the interpretation process. It is also not strictly an observational measure, as it requires active participation and verbalization from the participant.

Question 19

Dr.Jones gives her client a Thematic Apperception Test to evaluate her client's

Accepted Answer

Thematic Apperception Test is a projective personality test in which the client is shown a series of ambiguous pictures and asked to create a story around them. The stories provide insights into the client's motivational traits such as needs, aspirations, fears, and values. Therefore, option D, "motivational traits", is the best choice. This test is not designed to evaluate self-esteem, sexual conflicts, or level of psychopathy.

Question 20

Samantha uses self-report questionnaires to assess people's personality.Samantha is using a(n)__________ measure of personality.

Accepted Answer

Self-report questionnaires are considered objective measures of personality because they involve participants answering questions about themselves rather than being observed or having their responses interpreted by someone else.

Quiz 12: Self and Personality