Question 1

Which psychological disorder literally means "splitting of the mind" and is characterized by a split between thoughts and emotions?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder that literally means "splitting of the mind." It is characterized by a split between thoughts and emotions, such as delusions and hallucinations. Dipolar disorder and depressive disorder are not related to a split between thoughts and emotions. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors, but does not involve a split between thoughts and emotions.

Question 2

Dr.Clark is treating clients with schizophrenia who have disorganized speech.She notices that their speech

Accepted Answer

Disorganized speech in clients with schizophrenia is characterized by a lack of logical coherence and rapidly shifting between topics, known as derailment or loose associations. This is different from the simplistic speech of a child or the speech patterns seen in depressive disorders. Delayed speech development is also not a characteristic of schizophrenia-related disorganized speech.

Question 3

Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of __________.However,clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it __________.

Accepted Answer

Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of bipolar disorders. However, clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it reduces their positive feelings, which is a common side effect of the medication. The other answer choices are incorrect because lithium is not indicated for the treatment of depressive disorders, it does not increase appetite for food, and it is not known to make depressive episodes more severe.

Question 4

Carrie recently quit her job,packed up her car,and drove to Las Vegas where she gambled away her entire life savings in 24 hours.Based on this,Carrie may be experiencing

Accepted Answer

Carrie's impulsive behavior of quitting her job, gambling away all her life savings in a short span of 24 hours and driving to a different city suggests a manic episode, which is often characterized by impulsivity, recklessness, and poor decision-making. This behavior is commonly associated with bipolar disorder.

Question 5

Women in developing countries,such as India,Brazil,and Chile,experience more __________ than women in developed countries.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women in developing countries are at a higher risk for depression due to factors such as poverty, limited access to healthcare, societal expectations, and gender-based violence.

Question 6

A woman says the following illogical sentences: "The eagle takes flight at three o'clock and flies here from General Electric.I get my check from the eagle; he goes from the mailbox to make a payment.He's a secret spy for my husband and makes a shotgun sound." Based on what she says,this woman is most likely experiencing __________ and is displaying a __________ symptom.

Accepted Answer

The woman's statements are illogical and do not make sense, suggesting a break in her thought processes. This is a hallmark symptom of schizophrenia. Additionally, her statements include positive symptoms such as delusions (believing the eagle is a secret spy) and hallucinations (hearing a shotgun sound).

Question 7

Dwight is very apathetic toward others.He does not show much outward emotion,his speech is slow,and he speaks in a monotone.If Dwight has been diagnosed with schizophrenia,then what he is displaying are __________ symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Dwight is displaying negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which include apathy, lack of emotion, slow speech, and monotone speech. Positive symptoms include hallucinations and delusions, disorganized symptoms include disorganized speech and behavior, and delusional symptoms involve holding onto false beliefs despite evidence to the contrary.

Question 8

Phoenix hears voices in his head that tell him to punch holes in the walls of his room.Because Phoenix is perceiving the voices without actually hearing an auditory stimulus,he is experiencing

Accepted Answer

Phoenix is experiencing a hallucination, which is a false perception of sensory stimuli that are not present in the external environment. In this case, he is perceiving voices without actually hearing them, which is an auditory hallucination. A delusion is a false belief that is not based on reality, apathy is a lack of motivation, and loosening of associations is a disruption in the logic and coherence of thoughts.

Question 9

According to Aaron Beck,a person who is experiencing depression is most likely to have which of the following thoughts after failing an exam?

Accepted Answer

According to Aaron Beck's cognitive theory of depression, individuals who are depressed have a negative cognitive bias and are more likely to have negative automatic thoughts. Option D is an example of a negative thought that exhibits this bias, suggesting that the failure is a reflection of the individual's own innate stupidity rather than external factors such as lack of preparation or difficulty of the exam. Options A and B show a more positive outlook and option C exhibits a paranoid ideation, which is not necessarily indicative of depression.

Question 10

Nash believes he is a part of a secret spy organization that sends coded messages to its informants through television commercials.Based on this,Nash is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Nash is experiencing a fixed false belief that is not based in reality, which is characteristic of a delusion.

Question 11

Caroline acts strangely and it interferes with her life.She uses an old grocery cart to collect trash from the street.She wears multiple layers of clothing even when it is hot outside.She frequently talks to herself in public.Caroline is most likely

Accepted Answer

Caroline's behavior is consistent with the disorganized behavior that is associated with schizophrenia. The use of an old grocery cart to collect trash, wearing multiple layers of clothing in hot weather, and talking to herself in public are all examples of disorganized behavior. These behaviors interfere with her daily life, which is another characteristic of schizophrenia.

Question 12

According to the learned helplessness model of depression,some depressed people

Accepted Answer

The learned helplessness model of depression suggests that individuals who are depressed feel helpless and believe they have no control over the outcomes of events they experience. This belief can lead to a sense of hopelessness and contribute to the development and maintenance of depression.

Question 13

Depressed individuals tend to attribute negative outcomes to __________ and positive outcomes to __________.

Accepted Answer

Depressed individuals tend to view negative outcomes as a result of their own personal shortcomings or failures, while attributing positive outcomes to external factors such as luck or chance. This cognitive bias is known as the depressive attributional style. Option A is incorrect because depressed individuals tend to blame themselves for negative outcomes, rather than others. Option C is incorrect because depressed individuals do not necessarily attribute both positive and negative outcomes to chance. Option D is incorrect because it is not a widely accepted explanation for depressive attributional style.

Question 14

Mary experiences long periods of time when she feels very depressed.However,she occasionally goes through phases where she is highly focused on her painting and she creates beautiful works that provide a rewarding experience to her.It is most likely that Mary would be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Mary experiences both depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes (highly focused on her painting). This is characteristic of bipolar II disorder. In contrast, bipolar I disorder involves manic episodes, which Mary does not appear to experience. Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder involve only depressive episodes without any periods of elevated mood.

Question 15

John was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia.He frequently makes statements that are not logical and contain repeating rhyming words,such as "The train brain rained on me." In this example,John is displaying

Accepted Answer

John is displaying disorganized speech, which is a common symptom of schizophrenia. This can include a lack of coherence, rambling, or the use of made-up words. Hallucinations refer to seeing or hearing things that aren't there, delusions refer to holding false beliefs, and negative symptoms refer to a decrease in motivation or emotional expression.

Question 16

You are worried because you have been feeling very down lately.Which of the following would most likely decrease your risk of developing major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Attributing positive events in your life to your own hard work is an example of having an internal locus of control, which has been linked to better mental health outcomes and a decreased risk of developing major depressive disorder. The other options either have no clear link to reducing the risk of depression or may even increase the risk.

Question 17

In clients with schizophrenia,men are more likely than women to experience

Accepted Answer

Men with schizophrenia are more likely to experience negative symptoms, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and poor social functioning, compared to women. Positive symptoms include hallucinations and delusions, which do not show a significant gender difference in prevalence.

Question 18

Tommy has obsessions about cleanliness and is a compulsive hand-washer.Which of the following pieces of evidence would support the view that his obsessive-compulsive disorder is related to operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

This evidence suggests that Tommy's behavior is being reinforced through negative reinforcement, as the act of hand-washing is reducing his anxiety. This is a key aspect of operant conditioning, where behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences that follow them. The other choices do not necessarily involve operant conditioning - A describes punishment, B describes social learning, and D describes a cognitive influence.

Question 19

Sarah is a practicing clinical psychologist.She should expect to see

Accepted Answer

Depression is more common than bipolar disorder in the general population, so it is likely that Sarah will see many more depressed clients than bipolar clients. While the gender breakdown of clients with bipolar disorder or depression may vary, there is no clear evidence to support choices C or D.

Question 20

People who suffer from major depressive disorder are affected primarily by __________.People who suffer from bipolar I disorder are affected primarily by __________.

Accepted Answer

Major depressive disorder is characterized by persistent low mood, while bipolar I disorder involves episodes of both low mood (depression) and mania.

Quiz 13: Psychological Disorders