Question 1

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called _______.

Accepted Answer

Extinction is the decrease in the strength or frequency of a learned response due to the repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. In this scenario, if Pavlov repeatedly presents the metronome without the food, the dogs will eventually stop salivating to the sound of the metronome, leading to extinction of the conditioned response. Acquisition refers to the initial learning of the association between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time has passed. Stimulus generalization is the extension of a learned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.

Question 2

A father takes his young daughter to the park.The girl grabs a red flower and is stung by a bee.The next day,the girl's grandmother brings her a bouquet of red flowers.When the girl sees the flowers,she becomes afraid and runs away.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is the _______.

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus is the red flowers. The girl has associated the red flower with the pain of the bee sting, causing her to become afraid and run away.

Question 3

If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his 3-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs,he should _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning...

Question 4

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the conditioned stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n)_______,such as _______.

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus is the naturally occurring stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning. In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus would be something that naturally causes fear, such as a loud noise (like a gunshot). By pairing the loud noise with the squirrel (conditioned stimulus), Joseph can condition his sister to fear squirrels even without the presence of a loud noise. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Question 5

Professor Kraig is known for his difficult pop quizzes,which naturally make the students feel anxious.Immediately before he springs a quiz on his students and they start to feel anxious,he always shuts down his laptop to remove his lecture slides from the overhead screen.Students soon notice that they start to feel anxious when Professor Kraig reaches for his laptop and shuts it down.In terms of classical conditioning,Professor Kraig closing his laptop is a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

The closure of the laptop is initially a neutral stimulus, until it is consistently paired with the presentation of the pop quiz, which is the unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits anxiety in the students. Over time, the closure of the laptop becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits anxiety, which is the conditioned response. Therefore, the closure of the laptop is a conditioned stimulus.

Question 6

Jack uses classical conditioning to teach his dog Luna to sit whenever Jack says,"Sit." But now,anything that Jack says that is similar to "Sit" causes Luna to show the conditioned response of sitting.This is most likely the result of _______.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon occurs when a conditioned response is elicited by a stimuli that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus. In this case, Luna is exhibiting the conditioned response (sitting) to stimuli that are similar to "sit," indicating that stimulus generalization has occurred.

Question 7

You are having a great time at a work picnic.Then,a spider walks onto your picnic blanket.It looks just like the one that bit you last year and made you very sick.You immediately start to feel panic,which in this situation is most likely a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

The panic you feel is a conditioned response because it is a learned reaction to the sight of the spider, which you associate with the negative experience of being bitten last year.

Question 8

Maggie's partner always feels hungry at 7:00 PM.Maggie decides to play a particular song for her partner at 7:00 PM for several nights in a row.One night,Maggie plays the song at 5:30 PM and her partner says,"Huh ...I suddenly feel hungry." In this situation,classical conditioning occurred because _______.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of classical conditioning. The neutral stimulus, the song, was paired with the unconditioned stimulus, the time of day when her partner always feels hungry. After repeated pairings, the song became a conditioned stimulus that elicited the conditioned response of feeling hungry. The fact that her partner felt hungry at 5:30 PM, a time when he usually didn't feel hungry, shows that the conditioning had occurred. Choices A and D are incorrect because they do not involve the necessary pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. Choice B is incorrect because there is no natural connection between the song and hunger.

Question 9

At a football game,you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown.Because this is an unlearned response,in terms of classical conditioning,it would be called a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

An unlearned response is known as an unconditioned response (UCR) in classical conditioning. In this scenario, feeling excited when your team scores a touchdown is not a response that has been learned through prior experience or conditioning, but rather an innate or reflexive response. Therefore, it is considered an unconditioned response. A conditioned response (A) is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, B), which occurs after pairing the conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus (D) that elicits the unconditioned response. Since the feeling of excitement in this scenario is not a learned response to a neutral stimulus, choice A and B are not applicable.

Question 10

Pederson's teacher blows a whistle when it is time for his class to come in from recess.Pederson is afraid of being left on the playground alone,so he starts to go inside any time he hears a sound like the teacher's whistle,such as the school bell ringing.Pederson's behavior is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

Pederson's behavior of going inside whenever he hears a sound similar to the teacher's whistle (such as the school bell ringing) indicates stimulus generalization. Stimulus generalization is the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to, but not identical to, a conditioned stimulus (in this case, the teacher's whistle).

Question 11

Ralph ate sushi for lunch,and an hour later he felt sick to his stomach.In this situation,classical conditioning might occur.In other words,Ralph might learn an association between sushi and feeling sick because the two events _______.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning an association between two events that are paired closely in timing. In this case, the pairing of eating sushi and feeling sick happened an hour apart, which is close enough for Ralph's mind to potentially associate the two events.

Question 12

You learned about classical conditioning in your introductory psychology class and are explaining it to your roommate.You tell him that a main outcome of Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus _______.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that already triggers a reflexive or innate response. Over time and repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes associated with the reflexive response and can then trigger that response on its own. This process is known as conditioning, and the previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus.

Question 13

A conditioned stimulus is _______.

Accepted Answer

A conditioned stimulus is something that initially has no meaning or relevance in causing a particular response but, after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, causes the same response. It is only effective after learning takes place.

Question 14

If you are trying to use classical conditioning to train your pet mouse to be afraid of a flashing light,you will most likely be successful if you _______.

Accepted Answer

Pairing the flashing light with an electric shock is the most effective way to create a fear response in the mouse through classical conditioning. Pairing the light with a treat (Option A) would actually result in the opposite effect, as the mouse would associate the light with a positive outcome. Option C and D are not effective ways to create a fear response in the mouse.

Question 15

Samuel always receives a painful shock when he turns on the lamp in his study.After a while,Samuel refuses to touch the switch on the lamp.The lamp switch was a(n)________ that elicited a(n)_______ after a period of time.

Accepted Answer

The lamp switch initially was a neutral stimulus, but after being associated with the painful shock, it became a conditioned stimulus eliciting a conditioned response (refusal to touch the switch).

Question 16

Advertisers use classical conditioning in their commercials by showing ads.For example,they pair something that reflexively elicits pleasant feelings,such as the face of the actor Brad Pitt,with a product,such as the perfume Chanel N^o 5.If Brad Pitt elicits a response from you that is innate and does not require any prior learning,he is being used as a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

Brad Pitt is being used as an unconditioned stimulus because he naturally elicits a positive response without prior learning.

Question 17

A cat has been classically conditioned to purr when it hears the door open to the refrigerator where its food is kept.But the cat does not purr when it hears the sound of the pantry door opening,where none of its food is kept.The fact that the cat shows the conditioned response,purring,only for the sound associated with the conditioned stimulus is most likely a result of _______.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus discrimination occurs when an organism learns to respond differently to different stimuli that are similar but not identical. In this case, the cat is able to discriminate between the sound of the refrigerator door, which is associated with food, and the sound of the pantry door, which is not. Therefore, the fact that the cat only purrs in response to the sound of the refrigerator door indicates stimulus discrimination.

Question 18

Alanna knows that a startling noise will always make people blink their eyes.If Alanna has learned to associate a blue light with a startling noise,causing her to blink when she sees the blue light,then this eye blink is a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

The eye blink in response to the blue light is a conditioned response, as it has been learned through association with the startling noise (which was the unconditioned stimulus that originally elicited the unconditioned response of blinking).

Question 19

Eleanor wants to use classical conditioning to teach her students to run to the closet when the "intruder alert" sounds at their school.To be successful,Eleanor must begin the learning process with a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is the original stimulus that naturally triggers a response without any conditioning. In this scenario, the "intruder alert" is the UCS because it is the natural stimulus that would cause students to react. To condition a response (such as running to the closet), Eleanor would need to pair the UCS with a new stimulus (such as a teacher yelling "closet!") to create a conditioned response (CR). Therefore, Eleanor must begin the learning process with the UCS to be successful.

Question 20

Riley ate too much chocolate cake during his birthday party and was sick all night.If classical conditioning occurred and he associated the cake with being sick,then when Riley sees cake today,he will most likely _______.

Accepted Answer

If classical conditioning occurred, Riley would associate the cake with being sick and would be turned off by the smell and the memory of the taste of cake. This is a common response in classical conditioning, where a previously neutral stimulus (in this case, cake) becomes associated with a negative experience (being sick) and elicits an aversive response.

Quiz 6: Learning

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called _______.

A father takes his young daughter to the park.The girl grabs a red flower and is stung by a bee.The next day,the girl's grandmother brings her a bouquet of red flowers.When the girl sees the flowers,she becomes afraid and runs away.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is the _______.

If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his 3-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs,he should _______.

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the conditioned stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n) _,such as _.

Jack uses classical conditioning to teach his dog Luna to sit whenever Jack says,"Sit." But now,anything that Jack says that is similar to "Sit" causes Luna to show the conditioned response of sitting.This is most likely the result of _______.

You are having a great time at a work picnic.Then,a spider walks onto your picnic blanket.It looks just like the one that bit you last year and made you very sick.You immediately start to feel panic,which in this situation is most likely a(n) _______.

At a football game,you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown.Because this is an unlearned response,in terms of classical conditioning,it would be called a(n) _______.

Ralph ate sushi for lunch,and an hour later he felt sick to his stomach.In this situation,classical conditioning might occur.In other words,Ralph might learn an association between sushi and feeling sick because the two events _______.

You learned about classical conditioning in your introductory psychology class and are explaining it to your roommate.You tell him that a main outcome of Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus _______.

A conditioned stimulus is _______.

If you are trying to use classical conditioning to train your pet mouse to be afraid of a flashing light,you will most likely be successful if you _______.

Samuel always receives a painful shock when he turns on the lamp in his study.After a while,Samuel refuses to touch the switch on the lamp.The lamp switch was a(n) __ that elicited a(n) _ after a period of time.

Alanna knows that a startling noise will always make people blink their eyes.If Alanna has learned to associate a blue light with a startling noise,causing her to blink when she sees the blue light,then this eye blink is a(n) _______.

Eleanor wants to use classical conditioning to teach her students to run to the closet when the "intruder alert" sounds at their school.To be successful,Eleanor must begin the learning process with a(n) _______.

Riley ate too much chocolate cake during his birthday party and was sick all night.If classical conditioning occurred and he associated the cake with being sick,then when Riley sees cake today,he will most likely _______.

Quiz 6: Learning

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called _______.

A father takes his young daughter to the park.The girl grabs a red flower and is stung by a bee.The next day,the girl's grandmother brings her a bouquet of red flowers.When the girl sees the flowers,she becomes afraid and runs away.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is the _______.

If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his 3-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs,he should _______.

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the conditioned stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n) _______,such as _______.

Jack uses classical conditioning to teach his dog Luna to sit whenever Jack says,"Sit." But now,anything that Jack says that is similar to "Sit" causes Luna to show the conditioned response of sitting.This is most likely the result of _______.

You are having a great time at a work picnic.Then,a spider walks onto your picnic blanket.It looks just like the one that bit you last year and made you very sick.You immediately start to feel panic,which in this situation is most likely a(n) _______.

At a football game,you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown.Because this is an unlearned response,in terms of classical conditioning,it would be called a(n) _______.

Ralph ate sushi for lunch,and an hour later he felt sick to his stomach.In this situation,classical conditioning might occur.In other words,Ralph might learn an association between sushi and feeling sick because the two events _______.

You learned about classical conditioning in your introductory psychology class and are explaining it to your roommate.You tell him that a main outcome of Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus _______.

A conditioned stimulus is _______.

If you are trying to use classical conditioning to train your pet mouse to be afraid of a flashing light,you will most likely be successful if you _______.

Samuel always receives a painful shock when he turns on the lamp in his study.After a while,Samuel refuses to touch the switch on the lamp.The lamp switch was a(n) ________ that elicited a(n) _______ after a period of time.

Alanna knows that a startling noise will always make people blink their eyes.If Alanna has learned to associate a blue light with a startling noise,causing her to blink when she sees the blue light,then this eye blink is a(n) _______.

Eleanor wants to use classical conditioning to teach her students to run to the closet when the "intruder alert" sounds at their school.To be successful,Eleanor must begin the learning process with a(n) _______.

Riley ate too much chocolate cake during his birthday party and was sick all night.If classical conditioning occurred and he associated the cake with being sick,then when Riley sees cake today,he will most likely _______.

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the conditioned stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n) _,such as _.

Samuel always receives a painful shock when he turns on the lamp in his study.After a while,Samuel refuses to touch the switch on the lamp.The lamp switch was a(n) __ that elicited a(n) _ after a period of time.