Question 1

Ralph is preparing a report on his academic field trip to a manufacturing plant.He is trying to remember each event of the trip in the order in which it occurred to prepare an accurate report in a presentable form.Which of the following memory tasks is Ralph using?
A) Rehearsal
B) Recognition
C) Consolidation
D) Recall

Accepted Answer

Ralph is trying to remember specific events in the order they occurred, which involves recalling information from his memory. Therefore, he is using the memory task of recall.

Question 2

Chad is puzzling over a difficult question on a multiple-choice sociology test.He re-reads the question,scans the options beneath the question,and glances at other questions on the test.Most likely,Chad is looking for:
A) mnemonics.
B) flashbulb memories.
C) retrieval cues.
D) a miracle.

Accepted Answer

Chad is looking for retrieval cues, which are hints or clues that help trigger the recall of information stored in memory. He is scanning for something that will help him remember the correct answer, which is a form of retrieval from his memory. A and B are unrelated to the situation described, and D is not a valid option.

Question 3

Mickey is about to take his psychology finals.Just before the exam,the person sitting next to him asks him the name of the physiologist who worked on classical conditioning.Mickey suddenly realizes that he cannot quite remember the name,but he knows that it starts with a P and is two syllables long.Mickey is experiencing:
A) repression.
B) simple decay.
C) retrograde amnesia.
D) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

Mickey is experiencing the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, which is when a person knows a piece of information but cannot recall it at the moment. In this case, Mickey knows the name starts with a P and is two syllables long but cannot retrieve the name from memory.

Question 4

Why is it so difficult to retrieve information from long-term memory?
A) The capacity of long-term memory is limited.
B) The duration of long-term memories is limited.
C) There is so much information being stored in long-term memory.
D) The material that makes its way to long-term memory is temporary.

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory has nearly unlimited capacity to store information, and memories can last a lifetime. The difficulty in retrieving information from long-term memory is due to the vast amount of information stored and the complexity of accessing and organizing it.

Question 5

The hippocampus is located in the _____ lobe.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is located in the temporal lobe of the brain.

Question 6

An old song playing on the radio may remind you of events that occurred when the song was current.The song is acting as a(n):
A) retrieval cue.
B) mnemonic.
C) flashbulb.
D) schema.

Accepted Answer

A retrieval cue is a prompt that helps you remember information stored in your long-term memory. In this case, the old song is acting as a cue that helps the listener retrieve memories associated with the time period when the song was popular.

Question 7

Maguire,Woollett,& Spiers conducted an fMRI study of the role of the hippocampus in spatial memory.The study showed that years of experience driving a taxi in London was _____ correlated with the size of posterior portions of the hypothalamus and _____ correlated with the size of anterior portions of the hypothalamus.
A) positively;negatively
B) positively;positively
C) negatively;negatively
D) negatively;positively

Accepted Answer

The study found that taxi drivers with more experience had larger posterior hippocampi and smaller anterior hippocampi, indicating a positive correlation with the posterior and a negative correlation with the anterior.

Question 8

_____ is a memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives.
A) Recall
B) Recognition
C) Rehearsal
D) Chunk

Accepted Answer

Recognition is the task in which individuals are asked to identify a stimulus from a list of alternatives or to determine whether they have been previously exposed to it. Recall involves retrieving information from memory without the aid of cues. Rehearsal is the process of repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory. Chunking is a memory strategy in which information is grouped into meaningful units to facilitate storage and retrieval.

Question 9

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question,but not being quite able to say it.This is called the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon and is a failure of:
A) retention.
B) storage.
C) retrieval.
D) trace consolidation.

Accepted Answer

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon occurs when a person knows the answer to a question but experiences difficulty retrieving that information from memory. This suggests that the failure is related to retrieval, rather than retention or storage. Trace consolidation refers to the process of strengthening newly formed memories, which is not directly related to the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

Question 10

A stimulus that facilitates the recall of information from long-term memory is called a:
A) retrieval cue.
B) flashbulb memory.
C) conservation.
D) chunking.

Accepted Answer

A retrieval cue is a prompt that helps trigger the recall of information from long-term memory. It can be a word, sound, smell, or any other sensory input that was present during the encoding of a memory. Retrieval cues are helpful in retrieving information and increasing the accuracy of recall.

Question 11

Which of the following statements accurately captures the relationship among the modules of long-term memory?
A) Episodic and semantic memory are both components of procedural memory.
B) Episodic and semantic memory are both components of declarative memory.
C) Declarative and semantic memory are both types of episodic memory.
D) Declarative and semantic memory are both types of procedural memory

Accepted Answer

Episodic and semantic memory are both components of declarative memory. Declarative memory involves conscious recollection of facts and events, while procedural memory involves the acquisition of skills and habits without conscious awareness. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the relationship among the modules of long-term memory.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE of the neuroscience of memory?
A) In the process of long-term potentiation,memories become fixed and stable in long-term memory.
B) The process called consolidation shows that certain neural pathways become easily excited while a new response is being learned.
C) The initial encoding of information aided by the amygdala is passed along to the hippocampus where it is actually stored.
D) The engram is the physical memory trace in the brain that corresponds to a memory.

Accepted Answer

The engram is the physical memory trace in the brain that corresponds to a memory, as proposed by Richard Semon. The other options are incorrect. Long-term potentiation is the process by which memories are strengthened, but it does not involve stabilization or fixation. Consolidation refers to the process by which memories are transferred from short-term to long-term memory, but it does not involve the easy excitation of neural pathways. The amygdala is involved in the emotional processing of memories, but it does not store memories itself; rather, it sends information to the hippocampus, which is responsible for the storage of long-term memories.

Question 13

Long-term potentiation refers to the process whereby:
A) the number of synaptic and dendritic connections between neurons increases with experience.
B) memories become fixed and stable in the long term.
C) neural pathways become activated more easily as learning occurs.
D) disturbing memories seem to gain in intensity over time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Long-term potentiation refers to the process whereby:
A)...

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE of the neuroscience of memory?
A) The initial encoding of information aided by the hippocampus is passed along to the amygdala.
B) The amygdala is especially involved with memories involving emotion.
C) The hippocampus is located within the brain's frontal lobes.
D) The amygdala aids in the initial encoding of information,acting as a kind of neurological e-mail system.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is especially involved with memories involving emotion, making option B the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because it suggests that the hippocampus sends information to the amygdala, when in fact their interactions are more complex. Option C is incorrect because the hippocampus is located within the temporal lobes. Option D is incorrect because the amygdala does not aid in the initial encoding of information, but rather it plays a role in the consolidation and retrieval of emotionally-charged memories.

Question 15

"I know it! It''s um ...um ...It starts with 'G'," begins a trivia-game contestant excitedly.The contestant is falling prey to the _____ phenomenon.
A) tip-of-the-tongue
B) flashbulb memory
C) motivated forgetting
D) retrograde interference

Accepted Answer

The contestant is experiencing the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, in which they know the information but are unable to retrieve it from memory.

Question 16

Activating one memory triggers the activation of related memories in a process known as:
A) spreading activation.
B) elaborative rehearsal.
C) network priming.
D) rote learning.

Accepted Answer

Spreading activation is the process by which one memory activates related memories, leading to a network of interconnected memories. This can occur through association or similarity between memories, and it is thought to be the basis of how we retrieve information from long-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal and rote learning are not specifically related to this process, and network priming refers to a separate phenomenon in which exposure to one stimulus primes a person's response to a related stimulus.

Question 17

"Discuss several factors that contributed to the economic collapse of late-2008," asks a question in the midterm paper of an economics course.Such a question is a test of _____ memory.
A) recall
B) procedural
C) recognition
D) non-declarative

Accepted Answer

Recall memory is the ability to access information without any cues or prompts, such as remembering specific facts or details. This is the type of memory that is being tested in the question, as it is asking the student to remember and identify several factors that contributed to the economic collapse of late-2008. Procedural memory, on the other hand, is the ability to remember how to perform a specific task, such as riding a bike or playing a musical instrument. Recognition memory is the ability to recognize information that has been previously encountered, such as identifying a familiar face or object. Non-declarative memory refers to any type of memory that is not consciously accessible, such as implicit learning or motor skills.

Question 18

Estelle remembers the night she was mugged and brutally beaten.This memory probably involves not only her hippocampus,but also her:
A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thalamus.
D) amygdala.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for processing emotional information and is involved in creating and storing memories with a strong emotional component, such as being mugged and beaten.

Question 19

Three-year-old Jane had learned the names of fruits from a picture book.She was taken to a grocery store and asked to identify apples and melons kept in the store.Which of the following memory tasks would be used by Jane to identify the fruits?
A) Rehearsal
B) Recognition
C) Consolidation
D) Recall

Accepted Answer

Recognition is the ability to identify previously encountered stimuli. In this case, Jane is using her recognition memory to identify the fruits she learned from the picture book. Rehearsal involves repeating information to maintain it in working memory, Consolidation is the process of converting short-term memories to long-term memories, and Recall involves retrieving previously learned information from memory without any cues or prompts.

Question 20

Why is the term engram generally discouraged by psychologists studying memory?
A) Psychologists do not believe it is possible to identify the physical brain bases of a memory.
B) There is probably no single site or process in the brain corresponding to a particular memory.
C) Any given memory probably involves many simultaneous brain processes and locations because a stimulus contains a single sensory aspect.
D) The term engram typically involves physical memory that corresponds only to sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

The term engram suggests that there is a single, specific location in the brain where a memory is stored, but research suggests that memories are likely distributed throughout the brain and involve multiple processes and areas. Therefore, psychologists studying memory generally prefer to use more nuanced and flexible terms that reflect the complexity of memory processes.

Quiz 6: Memory

Ralph is preparing a report on his academic field trip to a manufacturing plant.He is trying to remember each event of the trip in the order in which it occurred to prepare an accurate report in a presentable form.Which of the following memory tasks is Ralph using?

Chad is puzzling over a difficult question on a multiple-choice sociology test.He re-reads the question,scans the options beneath the question,and glances at other questions on the test.Most likely,Chad is looking for:

Why is it so difficult to retrieve information from long-term memory?

The hippocampus is located in the _____ lobe.

An old song playing on the radio may remind you of events that occurred when the song was current.The song is acting as a(n) :

_____ is a memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives.

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question,but not being quite able to say it.This is called the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon and is a failure of:

A stimulus that facilitates the recall of information from long-term memory is called a:

Which of the following statements accurately captures the relationship among the modules of long-term memory?

Which of the following is TRUE of the neuroscience of memory?

Long-term potentiation refers to the process whereby:

Which of the following is TRUE of the neuroscience of memory?

"I know it! It''s um ...um ...It starts with 'G'," begins a trivia-game contestant excitedly.The contestant is falling prey to the _____ phenomenon.

Activating one memory triggers the activation of related memories in a process known as:

"Discuss several factors that contributed to the economic collapse of late-2008," asks a question in the midterm paper of an economics course.Such a question is a test of _____ memory.

Estelle remembers the night she was mugged and brutally beaten.This memory probably involves not only her hippocampus,but also her:

Three-year-old Jane had learned the names of fruits from a picture book.She was taken to a grocery store and asked to identify apples and melons kept in the store.Which of the following memory tasks would be used by Jane to identify the fruits?

Why is the term engram generally discouraged by psychologists studying memory?