Question 1

The fact that it is easier for you to think of a canary as a bird before you think of a canary as an animal is explained by the difference in distance between units of information within the

Accepted Answer

The network model explains how units of information are connected and related to each other within the brain. The distance between units of information affects how easily they are accessed and retrieved, with closer units being more easily retrieved. Therefore, in the network model, concepts that are more closely related to each other, such as canary and bird, are easier to retrieve than concepts that are further apart, such as canary and animal.

Question 2

Smelling apple pie causes you to have vivid and detailed memories of the happy times that you spent in your grandmother's kitchen.This process is called

Accepted Answer

Redintegration is the process by which a stimulus, such as the smell of apple pie, triggers the retrieval of associated memories, such as memories of past experiences in your grandmother's kitchen. This is because memories are often stored in networks and clusters, and when a cue activates one element of the network, it can lead to the activation of related elements, resulting in the vivid and detailed recall of past events.

Question 3

A brain-injured patient who can still execute a perfect golf swing or a high dive but is unable to recall or relearn even the broad outlines of American history is exhibiting superior function in which type of memory?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is the type of memory responsible for the learning and execution of skills, habits, and movements. The fact that the brain-injured patient can still perform a perfect golf swing or high dive suggests intact procedural memory. Semantic memory, episodic memory, and fact memory are all types of declarative memory responsible for general knowledge, personal experiences, and specific information, respectively, which do not seem to be preserved in this patient's case.

Question 4

Which of the following skills would an amnesia patient be the most likely to learn?

Accepted Answer

Amnesia typically affects the ability to form and store new memories, so learning a new telephone number or address, or remembering the names of new people, would be difficult or impossible. However, solving a complex puzzle does not necessarily require the ability to form new memories and may rely on other cognitive skills such as problem-solving and spatial reasoning.

Question 5

A perspective that helps explain redintegration is

Accepted Answer

The network model explains redintegration by suggesting that memory retrieval involves activating a network of interconnected nodes, which helps reconstruct the memory.

Question 6

Regarding the cognitive interview, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive interview has not been shown to create more false memories than hypnosis. In fact, research suggests that the cognitive interview has a lower risk of creating false memories than other interview techniques.

Question 7

Amnesic patients typically retain which type of memory?

Accepted Answer

Amnesic patients often retain procedural memory, which involves skills and tasks they have learned, allowing them to perform these tasks without conscious recall of learning them.

Question 8

The process by which memories are reconstructed or expanded by starting with one memory and then following chains of associations to other, related memories is called

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is specifically called redintegration, which involves using one memory as a starting point to reconstruct or expand upon related memories. Chunking refers to grouping information together to improve recall, eidetic imagery is a rare and mostly unproven phenomenon, and mnemonic coding refers to using strategies to aid memory retrieval.

Question 9

Students can get a teacher off the subject by asking one slightly off-topic question, which sets up an association with another topic and then to another topic and so on until the teacher is "miles" from what she was originally teaching.This illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The network model suggests that information is stored in a network of interconnected nodes, where one idea can trigger the recall of another related idea, leading to a chain of associations. This explains how a teacher can be led off-topic by a series of related questions.

Question 10

Psychologists have concluded that long-term memories fall into the following two categories:

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory refers to memory of how to perform certain actions or skills, while fact memory involves the memory of specific information or events.

Question 11

When Georgia looks at an old photograph of herself in the backyard tire swing, a flood of memories comes rushing back.Georgia finds herself going from one memory to the next.According to memory research, this process is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The process of recalling one memory leading to another and then another, commonly referred to as a "flood" of memories, is known as redintegration. It involves the connections between different memories and associations triggering the recall of additional memories.

Question 12

_____ refers to the pattern of associations among items of information.

Accepted Answer

Memory structure refers to the organization of information in memory, including the pattern of associations between different items.

Question 13

Jeannette is walking down a street when she passes a man smoking a pipe.When she smelled the smoke of this particular pipe tobacco, memories of her grandfather who smoked the same pipe tobacco began to flood her mind, although her grandfather had died over 25 years ago.Jeannette is experiencing

Accepted Answer

Jeannette is experiencing redintegration, which is the recall of a specific memory through a trigger, such as a sight, smell or taste. The smell of the pipe tobacco triggered memories of her grandfather who smoked the same tobacco, bringing back memories that had been dormant for over 25 years. The other options are not applicable in this scenario; semantic memories refer to general knowledge or concepts, eidetic imagery refers to photographic memory, and echoic memories refer to auditory memory.

Question 14

According to the network model of memory, the time required to answer questions about objects, events, or individuals depends on

Accepted Answer

The network model of memory suggests that information is stored in a network of interconnected nodes, with each node representing a concept or piece of information. The time required to answer questions about a particular node (such as an object, event, or individual) depends on the length of the chain of associations that connects it to other nodes in the network. The longer the chain, the longer it takes to retrieve the information. This explanation is consistent with choice B.

Question 15

Information in LTM is typically arranged according to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Information in LTM is typically arranged according to rules, similarity, and personal meanings, but not alphabetically. Alphabetical organization is more common in short-term memory or external memory aids such as lists or dictionaries.

Question 16

Procedural memory would be affected by damage to the

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory involves learning and retaining new motor skills, such as riding a bike or playing an instrument. The cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordinating and regulating movement, making it crucial for the development and maintenance of procedural memory. Damage to the cerebellum can therefore impair an individual's ability to learn and perform these types of tasks.

Question 17

The key idea in redintegration is that

Accepted Answer

Redintegration is the process by which one memory serves as a cue to trigger another, leading to the retrieval of associated memories. This is different from recoding and chunking, which are strategies for encoding information into long term memory, and the idea that more recent memories are easier to retrieve than long past memories, which is known as the recency effect. The concept of errors occurring on the middle items in an ordered list is known as the serial position effect.

Question 18

"Memory index" is a term associated with

Accepted Answer

"Memory index" is a term associated with long-term memory (LTM). It refers to the network of associations and connections that allows us to access stored information in LTM.

Question 19

Whenever Marian listens to the oldies radio channel, memories of her high school dances and riding around with friends on Saturday night with the "radio blasting" come flooding back in detail.Marian is experiencing

Accepted Answer

Marian is experiencing redintegration, which is the phenomenon where hearing a certain song or sound can trigger memories associated with that particular time period.

Question 20

According to the _____ model, units of information in long-term memory are organized in a complex system of associations.

Accepted Answer

The network model proposes that information in long-term memory is organized in a complex system of associations, with each unit of information being linked to many others through a set of associations. This model suggests that retrieval of information is based on the activation of these associations, and that related information may be retrieved more easily than unrelated information.

Quiz 8: Extension A: Memory