Question 1

Garrett is a high school drop-out who has been looking for a good job for six months.He blames all the immigrants for his lack of a job rather than his lack of an education and some of the employers' choice to hire illegal aliens as employees without paying taxes.Garrett's hostility toward the immigrants is an example of
A)scapegoating.
B)group prejudice.
C)symbolic prejudice.
D)stereotyped aggression.

Accepted Answer

Garrett is blaming all the immigrants for his lack of a job, which is an example of scapegoating. This means he is unfairly blaming a particular group for his problems rather than looking at other factors that may be responsible.

Question 2

Once prejudices are established, they prevent us from
A)accepting more positive experiences that could reverse the damage.
B)becoming dogmatic and developing ethnocentrism.
C)future stereotyping.
D)experiencing cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

Prejudices can create a closed-mindedness that prevents individuals from accepting experiences or information that contradicts their preconceived notions. This can hinder the possibility of reversing the negative effects of prejudice.

Question 3

"Racial profiling" by law enforcement in which specific racial groups are targeted for questioning or cited more often than other groups for minor infractions, such as illegal lane change is an example of
A)stereotyping.
B)symbolic prejudice.
C)a personal prejudice.
D)discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Racial profiling is an example of discrimination, as it unfairly targets specific racial groups and results in disparate treatment compared to other groups.

Question 4

Scapegoating
A)involves blaming a person or group for conditions not of their making.
B)is a type of displaced aggression.
C)often leads to prejudice.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Accepted Answer

Scapegoating involves blaming a person or group for conditions not of their making, and can be a type of displaced aggression. This often leads to prejudice, as the scapegoated group is unfairly stigmatized and discriminated against. Therefore, all of these options are characteristics of scapegoating.

Question 5

Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical is known as
A)stereotyping.
B)prejudice.
C)authoritarianism.
D)discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination involves treating individuals or groups differently based on their membership in a particular social group, such as race, gender, or religion. This can happen in situations where individuals or groups should be treated equally, such as employment, education, and housing. Stereotyping is a belief about a group of people, prejudice is a negative attitude towards a group of people, and authoritarianism is a political ideology characterized by a belief in strong central authority and the suppression of individual rights and freedoms.

Question 6

Some prejudices are thought to result from _____ which is a type of displaced aggression.
A)projection
B)discrimination
C)scapegoating
D)authoritarianism

Accepted Answer

Scapegoating is a type of displaced aggression where individuals or groups are targeted and blamed for problems that the scapegoaters cannot or do not want to accept responsibility for. This can lead to prejudices towards the scapegoated group. Projection is a defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own undesirable traits or feelings to others. Discrimination refers to unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on their characteristics. Authoritarianism is a political ideology that favors strict obedience to authority and often involves suppression of individual freedoms. Although authoritarianism can sometimes contribute to prejudices, it is not a direct cause of displaced aggression.

Question 7

Prejudice based on displaced aggression represents a form of
A)projection.
B)discrimination.
C)scapegoating.
D)authoritarianism.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice based on displaced aggression is a form of scapegoating. This refers to the act of blaming a particular group or individual for the problems or frustrations of another group or individual. In this case, the prejudice may be directed towards a group that is seen as easy to blame, rather than towards the actual source of the frustration. This is a form of displacement because the aggression is directed towards an innocent group that is not responsible for the problem.

Question 8

_____ involves blaming a person or a group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making.
A)Projection
B)Discrimination
C)Scapegoating
D)Ethnocentrism

Accepted Answer

Scapegoating refers to blaming a person or group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making. Projection involves attributing one's own thoughts and feelings onto others. Discrimination refers to treating people unfairly based on their race, gender, or other characteristics. Ethnocentrism refers to seeing one's own culture as superior to others.

Question 9

Redirecting aggression to a target other than the actual source of one's frustration is referred to as _____ aggression.
A)ethnocentric
B)projected
C)prejudiced
D)displaced

Accepted Answer

Displaced aggression occurs when an individual directs their aggressive behavior towards a target that is not the source of their frustration. This could happen in situations where the actual source of frustration is not present or is perceived as too powerful to confront directly.

Question 10

_____ has been observed since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States, in which people who look "foreign" have become targets of hostility.
A)Stereotyped aggression
B)Displaced aggression
C)Symbolic prejudice
D)Egocentrism

Accepted Answer

Displaced aggression refers to redirecting aggression towards a target other than the source of frustration, often because the actual source is intimidating or unavailable. After the 9/11 attacks, individuals who appeared "foreign" became targets of hostility, illustrating displaced aggression.

Question 11

Gordon Allport concluded that there are two important sources of prejudice, which are
A)personal prejudice and group prejudice.
B)institutionalized prejudice and symbolic prejudice.
C)racial prejudice and gender biases.
D)social prejudice and ethnocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Allport identified personal prejudice, which stems from individual attitudes and feelings, and group prejudice, which arises from an individual's identification with specific groups and the group's attitudes towards other groups, as the two important sources of prejudice.

Question 12

In a classic study, a group of European American young men at a summer camp were given a difficult test they were sure to fail.Additionally, completing the test caused them to miss a trip to the movies, which was normally the high point of their weekly entertainment.Regarding their attitudes, the subjects in this study
A)consistently rated their own family members lower than people who had not been frustrated.
B)consistently rated members of two ethnic groups lower than they did on earlier attitudinal tests.
C)exhibited discriminatory behavior against lower-level staff members they encountered during the study.
D)became more subservient to the camp leaders.

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that when frustrated and given a difficult test they were sure to fail, the subjects consistently rated members of two ethnic groups lower than they did on earlier attitudinal tests.

Question 13

Scapegoating is a type of
A)displaced aggression.
B)projection.
C)reaction formation.
D)stereotyped aggression.

Accepted Answer

Scapegoating is a form of displaced aggression, where a person or group is blamed for problems or difficulties that are not their fault. This aggression is directed towards a target that is seen as less powerful or able to defend themselves, rather than towards the actual source of the problem. The other answer choices (projection, reaction formation, stereotyped aggression) are all forms of defense mechanisms rather than types of aggression.

Question 14

Scapegoating involves releasing aggression on _____ targets.
A)moving
B)unsafe
C)safer
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Scapegoating involves blaming and attacking someone who is perceived as a safer target than the true source of the problem. The target is often someone who has little power or influence to defend themselves, making them a safer target for the release of aggression.

Question 15

Discrimination is best defined as behaviors that
A)allow us to tell one ethnic group from another.
B)occur when members of one racial group threaten members of another group.
C)prevent individuals from doing things they should be able to do.
D)make a positive or negative distinction between groups.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination involves actions or behaviors that restrict or prevent individuals from accessing opportunities, rights, or privileges that they should be able to access, based on their membership in a particular group.

Question 16

During his rise to power, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's economic woes, which were really a result of Germany's loss of World War I.Consequently, his growing hostility resulted in the Holocaust.This is an example of
A)stereotyped aggression.
B)group prejudice.
C)symbolic prejudice.
D)scapegoating.

Accepted Answer

Hitler's blaming of the Jews is an example of scapegoating, which involves blaming a particular group for problems that are not solely their fault. In this case, Germany's economic woes were not caused by the Jewish population, but Hitler used them as a scapegoat to rally support and advance his own agenda.

Question 17

Regarding prejudice and direct experiences, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Having negative experiences with members of a particular ethnic group can lead to prejudice.
B)Prejudices that result from direct experiences are called group prejudices.
C)Prejudices related to direct experiences are often difficult to reverse.
D)Subtle influences, such as parents' attitudes, the depiction of people in books and on TV, and exposure to children of other races can have an impact on one becoming prejudiced.

Accepted Answer

Prejudices that result from direct experiences are not called group prejudices. Group prejudices refer to preconceived ideas or biases about a whole group of people, regardless of direct experiences. Prejudices resulting from direct experiences are often referred to as personal prejudices.

Question 18

If it is easier for European Americans to get automobile insurance than it is for African Americans, then African Americans have experienced
A)discrimination.
B)scapegoating.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)personal prejudice.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination refers to differential treatment of individuals or groups based on certain characteristics such as race, ethnicity, or gender. If African Americans are facing more difficulty in obtaining automobile insurance compared to European Americans, it suggests that they are being discriminated against by the insurance industry.

Question 19

A college professor and his wife were driving to their favorite place to fish in their "beat-up" old pick-up truck.A police officer pulls them over and tells them to hand over the drink cans they have because he saw them weave on the highway and knows that they are intoxicated.When he looks at the drink cans, both are diet soft drinks.If the college professor and his wife were targeted for questioning because they looked "poor," the officer has engaged in
A)a symbolic prejudice.
B)a personal prejudice.
C)discrimination.
D)a just-world belief.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is the unequal treatment or targeting of individuals or groups based on certain characteristics such as race, socioeconomic status, or age. In this scenario, the college professor and his wife were targeted because they looked "poor," which is a form of discrimination. The fact that the drink cans were diet soft drinks indicates that the officer's decision was not based on actual evidence of intoxication, but rather on his biased perception of the couple.

Question 20

Prejudices can develop due to
A)direct experiences with members of the rejected group.
B)parental attitudes.
C)the depiction of people in books and on TV.
D)all of these.

Accepted Answer

Prejudices can develop due to a combination of direct experiences with members of the rejected group, parental attitudes, and the depiction of people in books and on TV. Therefore, the best answer is D, all of these.

Quiz 17: Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Once prejudices are established, they prevent us from

"Racial profiling" by law enforcement in which specific racial groups are targeted for questioning or cited more often than other groups for minor infractions, such as illegal lane change is an example of

Scapegoating

Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical is known as

Some prejudices are thought to result from _____ which is a type of displaced aggression.

Prejudice based on displaced aggression represents a form of

_____ involves blaming a person or a group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making.

Redirecting aggression to a target other than the actual source of one's frustration is referred to as _____ aggression.

_____ has been observed since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States, in which people who look "foreign" have become targets of hostility.

Gordon Allport concluded that there are two important sources of prejudice, which are

Scapegoating is a type of

Scapegoating involves releasing aggression on _____ targets.

Discrimination is best defined as behaviors that

During his rise to power, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's economic woes, which were really a result of Germany's loss of World War I.Consequently, his growing hostility resulted in the Holocaust.This is an example of

Regarding prejudice and direct experiences, which of the following statements is FALSE?

If it is easier for European Americans to get automobile insurance than it is for African Americans, then African Americans have experienced

Prejudices can develop due to