Question 1

A collection of personal attitudes and values marked by rigidity, inhibition, prejudice, and ethnocentrism describes the

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality is characterized by a collection of personal attitudes and values marked by rigidity, inhibition, prejudice, and ethnocentrism. People with this personality type tend to be resistant to changes in their beliefs and attitudes, harbor negative attitudes towards others who are different from them, and tend to be more inclined towards being authoritarian or dictatorial in their behavior towards others.

Question 2

When filling out a social distance scale regarding the "Danirians" (a fictitious group), Gordon agrees with the statement, "Would exclude from my country." Gordon is exhibiting _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

Gordon's agreement with the statement indicates that he holds a belief that his own cultural or ethnic group is superior to the Danirians and is exhibiting ethnocentric behavior.

Question 3

People who think their ethnic, national, or religious group is superior to others are called

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentric individuals believe that their own cultural or ethnic group is superior to others and often exhibit a lack of understanding or appreciation for other cultures or ways of life. Altruism refers to selfless concern for the well-being of others, patriotism refers to love and devotion to one's country, and conservatism refers to political beliefs that favor traditional values and limited government intervention.

Question 4

Group prejudice occurs through

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice occurs when individuals conform to the norms and attitudes of their group, which may include prejudiced beliefs or behaviors.

Question 5

Adorno and colleagues (1950) studied personality characteristics related to prejudice.Which of the following statements describes their findings?

Accepted Answer

Adorno and colleagues found that the subjects who showed prejudice against one group, such as Jews, also showed prejudice towards other "out" groups. This suggests a more general tendency towards negative attitudes towards groups perceived as different or inferior. The study did not suggest that negative experiences with a specific group were the direct cause of prejudice, nor did it indicate that there were no specific personality traits associated with the development of prejudice.

Question 6

If you show a negative attitude toward members of another group only because your friends or co-workers expect you to think about this group as they do, you are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice occurs when individuals adopt the negative attitudes of their group toward members of another group. It often arises from a desire to fit in with the group and maintain social acceptance. Cognitive dissonance is a state of mental discomfort caused by holding two contradictory beliefs or values. Personal prejudice is an individual's negative attitude toward members of a particular group, regardless of the influence of others. Discrimination refers to actions taken based on prejudice, such as treating individuals unfairly or denying them opportunities.

Question 7

Ben is very social conforming, tends to oversimplify issues when he discusses them, and is overly concerned with power, authority, and obedience.Ben would be described as having a(n) _____ personality.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that Ben is overly concerned with power, authority, and obedience, which are traits commonly associated with an authoritarian personality.

Question 8

People with a(n) _____ personality tend to value social conformity, tend oversimplify issues as totally right or totally wrong, and consider their own ethnic group and themselves superior to others.

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality tends to value social conformity, oversimplify issues as totally right or totally wrong, and consider their own ethnic group and themselves superior to others. Histrionic personality is characterized by attention-seeking behavior, while Type A and Type B personalities refer to a person's general attitude and behavior towards stress and time management.

Question 9

When members of another social group represent a threat to an individual's security or comfort, resultant prejudice is termed _____ prejudice.

Accepted Answer

Personal prejudice refers to negative attitudes towards individuals based on their membership in a certain social group. It is often rooted in personal experience or perception of threat or discomfort, as opposed to institutional prejudice which is based on systemic factors within society or stereotyped prejudice which is based on generalizations about a particular social group. This question specifically states that members of another social group represent a threat to an individual's security or comfort, which suggests a personal prejudice.

Question 10

Prejudice held out of conformity to group views is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prejudice held out of conformity to group...

Question 11

A person tells you that "We should prevent any foreigners from coming to the U.S.and save this country for real Americans." This person is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests an attitude of ethnocentrism, which is the belief that one's own culture or nation is superior to others. The idea of "real Americans" also implies a narrow definition of who belongs in the country based on ethnicity or race.

Question 12

Some researchers believe that prejudice can be traced to a general personality pattern known as the _____ personality.

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality is characterized by a strict adherence to conventional values, submission to authority, and intolerance of out-groups. This personality type is often associated with prejudice and discrimination toward marginalized groups.

Question 13

Common sources of prejudice include

Accepted Answer

All of these are common sources of prejudice. Adherence to group norms can lead individuals to adopt the prejudiced attitudes of their social group, while authoritarianism fosters a desire for a clear hierarchy and a distrust of outgroups. Unfortunate experiences with members of a rejected group can lead to negative generalizations and stereotypes being formed about that group as a whole.

Question 14

The term "ethnocentrism" can best be defined as

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own ethnic or cultural group is superior to others, and is characterized by placing one's own group at the center of things. This attitude can lead to prejudice and discrimination against those who are seen as different from one's own group.

Question 15

Sam perceives that members of another ethnic group are a threat to his obtaining a good job and receiving financial aid to attend college.Sam is exhibiting _____ toward this other ethnic group.

Accepted Answer

Sam's perception that members of another ethnic group are a threat to his opportunities reflects a personal prejudice, as it is based on his individual beliefs and feelings towards that group.

Question 16

The authoritarian personality is characterized by

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality is characterized by dogmatism and oversimplification, ethnocentrism, concern with power, authority, and obedience. Therefore, all of these options (A, B, and C) are correct.

Question 17

Prejudicial attitudes held toward persons who are perceived as a direct threat to one's own interests are referred to as a(n) _____ prejudice.

Accepted Answer

Personal prejudice refers to prejudicial attitudes held by individuals who perceive others as a direct threat to their own interests. This type of prejudice is often based on fear, insecurity, or feelings of competition or inferiority. Institutional prejudice, on the other hand, refers to systemic patterns of discrimination embedded in social institutions such as schools, workplaces, and government agencies. Stereotyped prejudice involves generalized beliefs about certain groups of people, often based on oversimplified or inaccurate assumptions. Reference group prejudice refers to negative attitudes held by individuals who adopt the prejudices of their social or cultural groups.

Question 18

The belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others and the tendency to use one's own culture as a standard by which to judge other cultures is called

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to all others and the tendency to judge other cultures based on one's own cultural norms and values. Altruism, conservatism, and liberalism are unrelated to this concept.

Question 19

William was bullied by members of a particular ethnic group all through elementary school.Due to this experience, he has developed a lifelong dislike for all members of the group.William is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

William's dislike for all members of the particular ethnic group is based on his personal negative experience with them, which is an example of personal prejudice. Discrimination would involve actively treating members of the group unfairly based on their ethnicity, while group prejudice and stereotyping involve forming negative beliefs or attitudes about an entire group without personal experience or knowledge.

Question 20

Peter, who belongs to the "preppie" clique at the high school, is seen talking to a couple members of the "gothic" clique.Several members of his "preppie" group explain to Peter why he should not be seen talking to "those other people." If Peter adheres to the expectations of his clique, he will be exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice refers to a negative attitude or belief about an entire group of people based on preconceived notions or stereotypes. In this scenario, Peter's "preppie" group is exhibiting group prejudice by telling him not to associate with the "gothic" clique simply because they belong to a different clique or subculture.

Quiz 17: Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior