Question 1

Gloria is reading a book to her young son.As they go through the book,Gloria points to the objects in the pictures and says things like,"This is a tree.What is it? A tree." Gloria is supporting her son's language development through

Accepted Answer

Gloria is labeling the objects in the book, which is a way of supporting her son's language development by teaching him the names of things. Recasting involves restating what a child says in a corrected form, echoing involves repeating what a child says, and motherese involves using a simplified form of language when speaking to a young child. While these strategies can also be helpful for supporting language development, they are not being used in the scenario described.

Question 2

Roger Brown (1973)challenged the behavioristic explanation of language acquisition by pointing out that parents

Accepted Answer

Roger Brown (1973) argued against the behaviorist view by highlighting that parents often respond more to the semantic content or meaning of their children's speech rather than to the grammatical correctness of their utterances. This observation challenges the behaviorist emphasis on reinforcement of correct forms through parental feedback.

Question 3

___________________ is the use of irony,derision,or wit to expose folly or wickedness.

Accepted Answer

Satire is specifically defined as the use of irony, derision, or wit to expose folly or wickedness. The other answer choices - similarity, metaphor, and vocabulary - do not fit this definition.

Question 4

Child-directed speech is the kind of speech often used by adults to talk to babies and young children.Which is not a characteristic of this type of speech?

Accepted Answer

Child-directed speech can be used from birth onwards, not just after 12 months. The other characteristics mentioned, such as a higher pitch, simpler language, and capturing the baby's attention, are common features of child-directed speech.

Question 5

When Doug drops his 1-year-old son off at the day-care center,the child-care worker approaches the son and says in a high-pitched voice,"Does baby want to play with the ball-ball today?" This care worker is

Accepted Answer

The child-care worker is using child-directed speech, which is characterized by a high-pitched voice, simplified vocabulary, and exaggerated intonation patterns. This type of speech is commonly used when communicating with infants and young children.

(Note: options B, C, and D refer to specific types of language interventions used to facilitate language development in children, but they are not relevant to the scenario described in the question.)

Question 6

Broca's area is to speech production as

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is responsible for speech production, while Wernicke's area is responsible for language comprehension. Choice B, C, and D are not directly related to the function of Broca's area.

Question 7

In terms of writing,adolescents are better at

Accepted Answer

Adolescents have typically developed more advanced writing skills than children, including the ability to organize their ideas before writing and distinguish between general and specific points. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Question 8

Which statement describes Broca's area?

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is responsible for controlling the muscles involved in speech production. It is located in the left hemisphere of the brain in most people.

Question 9

Edgar,who survived a gunshot wound to the head,appears to have lost the ability to speak,even though he understands directions.Based on this description,you would most likely guess that the bullet damaged

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is responsible for the production of speech, so damage to this area can result in a person's inability to verbally express themselves, while still being able to comprehend language. Damage to the other areas listed (the right hemisphere, the language acquisition device, and Wernicke's area) may have different effects on language processing, but they wouldn't specifically cause the symptoms described in the question.

Question 10

What strategy did Roger Brown identify as "the original word game," claiming that much of the early vocabulary acquired by children is motivated by this adult pressure to identify the words associated with objects?

Accepted Answer

Roger Brown identified labeling as "the original word game," where adults pressure children to identify the words associated with objects, leading to early vocabulary acquisition.

Question 11

Researchers have found that the quantity of talk

Accepted Answer

Both of these answers are correct. Research has shown that children from families with higher socioeconomic status receive more language input and have larger vocabularies than children from lower socioeconomic status families. It has also been found that the quantity of talk directed to children by parents is strongly correlated with children's vocabulary growth. Therefore, both factors are important in understanding how children develop language skills.

Question 12

When 13-year-olds Lisa and Alan use nicknames that are satirical and derisive they probably do so

Accepted Answer

Using satirical and derisive nicknames is a form of humor that often serves the purpose of group belonging and reducing the seriousness of a situation. It can be a way for young adolescents to establish their identity and show their membership in a particular group or social circle. However, it can also be hurtful if used to bully or ostracize others.

Question 13

After suffering a stroke,Chad has regained his ability to speak but still cannot understand anything that he is told.Chad most likely has a severely damaged

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area is responsible for language comprehension, so if Chad can still speak but cannot understand anything he is told, it is likely that his Wernicke's area is severely damaged.

Question 14

As Pam takes her 1-year-old son to the market,she identifies the names of fruits and vegetables as they walk down each aisle.What strategy is she using to help her son acquire language?

Accepted Answer

Pam is using the labeling strategy by identifying the names of fruits and vegetables to her son. This is an effective way for young children to learn new words and acquire language skills.

Question 15

Restating what the child has said in a linguistically sophisticated form is called

Accepted Answer

Restating what the child has said in a linguistically sophisticated form is called expanding. This technique involves taking what the child said and adding more detail, vocabulary, or complexity to it in order to enhance their language development. Recasting, echoing, and labeling are all related techniques used in language development but do not specifically involve making the language more sophisticated.

Question 16

________________________ is an implied comparison between unlike things.

Accepted Answer

A metaphor is an implied comparison between two things that are not alike but have some similarity. Unlike a simile, it does not use "like" or "as" to make the comparison. Examples of metaphors include "the world is a stage" and "her voice is music to my ears."

Question 17

A dialect is a variety of language that is distinguished by its

Accepted Answer

A dialect can be distinguished by all three factors of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Dialects often arise from regional, social, or cultural differences and can differ in all of these areas. For example, Southern American English has distinct vocabulary (e.g. "y'all"), grammar (e.g. "fixing to"), and pronunciation (e.g. dropping the final "g" in -ing words).

Question 18

According to Noam Chomsky,we are born with a

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky proposed the theory of a Language Acquisition Device (LAD), which suggests that humans are born with an innate ability to acquire language. The LAD is a hypothetical module that facilitates the learning of language and helps humans understand the universal grammar underlying all languages. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 19

Which area of the brain's left hemisphere is involved in language comprehension?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area, located in the left temporal lobe, is typically associated with language comprehension. Broca's area, in the left frontal lobe, is more involved in the production of language. The parietal lobe is involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness, while the temporal lobe is involved in memory, hearing, and language.

Question 20

Which provides the strongest evidence for the biological basis of language?

Accepted Answer

The consistent timing and order of language acquisition around the world, in spite of wide variations in the way adults interact with infants, suggests that language acquisition is biologically based and not solely dependent on external factors such as environment or culture.

Answer: D
 The recent identification of a "linguistic gene sequence" on the eighteenth chromosomal pair provides strong evidence for the biological basis of language. This discovery suggests that there may be specific genetic components that contribute to language acquisition and use. However, it is important to note that this is a relatively new area of research and further studies are needed to fully understand the role of genetics in language.

Quiz 9: Language Development