Question 1

The popular 17^th century idea that an individual was fully formed (though obviously very small)at conception is called

Accepted Answer

The idea that an individual was fully formed at conception is known as preformationism, which was popular in the 17th century. This theory proposed that inside the sperm or egg there was a pre-formed miniature version of an adult.

Question 2

John Locke's 17^th century idea that children's minds were like blank slates most closely corresponds to the more modern views of

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson, the founder of behaviorism, believed that behaviors could be measured, trained, and changed, aligning with Locke's tabula rasa or "blank slate" theory, which posits that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that all knowledge comes from experience or perception.

Question 3

John Watson's idea of behaviorism most resembled the philosophical stance of

Accepted Answer

John Watson's idea of behaviorism can be traced back to John Locke's philosophy of empiricism, which states that all knowledge and ideas come from experience and observation. Watson believed that behavior could be studied and controlled through observable stimuli and responses, which aligns with Locke's emphasis on experience and learning through the senses. Rousseau, the Puritans, and Socrates did not hold similar views on behaviorism as Watson.

Question 4

Adoption studies have shown that

Accepted Answer

Adoption studies have shown that adopted children mostly resemble their biological parents' levels of intelligence, but the environment also makes a difference. This suggests that genetic inheritance does have an effect on intelligence, but the environment can also play a role in shaping a person's intelligence.

Question 5

Zinobiya believes that all children are born in innocence and may blossom into beautiful people if left to themselves.Her ideas are most like those of

Accepted Answer

Zinobiya's belief that children are born in innocence and can develop into good individuals if left to themselves closely aligns with the philosophy of Jean Jacques Rousseau. Rousseau believed that people are intrinsically good, but societal factors corrupt them over time. He believed that education should focus on cultivating individualism, freedom, and creativity rather than enforcing social norms and values.

Question 6

Twin studies are generally used to evaluate

Accepted Answer

Twin studies allow researchers to compare the similarities and differences between identical and fraternal twins, who have different genetic relatedness. By analyzing the extent to which a trait is shared between twins, researchers are able to estimate the degree to which genetics contribute to the expression of that trait, or the heritability of the trait. Thus, twin studies are generally used to evaluate the heritability of traits."Genetic determinism" implies that traits are solely determined by one's genes, which is not entirely accurate. "Reciprocal determinism" refers to the dynamic interplay between individuals and their environment, and is not directly related to twin studies. "The success of adoption policies" is not a primary focus of twin studies.

Question 7

The idea that all human qualities are pre-set by our genes is called

Accepted Answer

Genetic determinism is the idea that all human qualities are pre-set by our genes, without any influence from the environment. This view is now outdated, as scientific research has shown that both nature and nurture play a role in shaping human characteristics.

Question 8

Which of the following quotes best exemplifies the idea that development is entirely genetic?

Accepted Answer

"He's a chip off the old block" suggests that a person's characteristics or behaviors are directly inherited from their parents, emphasizing the genetic basis of development.

Question 9

The Puritans believed that human nature was

Accepted Answer

The Puritans believed in the doctrine of original sin, which holds that every individual is born with a sin nature inherited from Adam and Eve's fall in the Garden of Eden. This means that human nature is inherently evil and vulnerable to temptation.

Question 10

Open schools,such as those which use the Montessori method,are based in philosophies that resemble those of

Accepted Answer

Jean Jacques Rousseau believed in an education system that allows children to learn through their own experiences and interests. The Montessori method also emphasizes allowing children to learn at their own pace and through hands-on experiences, which aligns with Rousseau's philosophy. John Locke believed in the importance of education for creating good citizens, but his ideas were more focused on instruction rather than hands-on learning. John Watson was a behaviorist who believed in conditioning and reinforcement, which is not part of the Montessori philosophy. Jean Dixon is a psychic who has no connection to education philosophy.

Question 11

The 20^th century mental hygiene movement,in which people began to treat insanity as an illness,grew out of the philosophy of

Accepted Answer

The philosophy of John Locke, which emphasized that the mind is a blank slate at birth and is shaped by experience, influenced the growth of the mental hygiene movement. This movement focused on treating mental illness as a medical issue rather than a moral or spiritual failing. Other figures who contributed to this movement include Dorothea Dix and Philippe Pinel.

Question 12

The idea that humans are essentially still essentially embryos after birth was suggested by

Accepted Answer

The idea that humans are essentially still essentially embryos after birth was proposed by Stephen Jay Gould, an evolutionary biologist and paleontologist who believed that humans have a prolonged period of development compared to other animals, requiring ongoing care and nurturing similar to that of an embryo.

Question 13

Studies that attempt to measure the degree to which nature determines human development are called

Accepted Answer

Heritability studies specifically focus on quantifying the degree to which genetics (nature) versus environment (nurture) contributes to individual differences in traits or behaviors. Correlation coefficients and self-report inventories are not specific to measuring nature vs. nurture, while experimental studies involve manipulating both nature and nurture factors.

Question 14

The idea that we ought to control who has children in order to eliminate stupidity and other undesirable traits is called

Accepted Answer

The idea described in the question is eugenics, which involves manipulating genetics to produce desired traits in humans. Genetic determinism is the belief that genes completely determine a person's traits, preformationism is a discredited theory on development, and natural selection is a natural process that occurs without human intervention.

Question 15

According to John B.Watson,children develop intelligence as a result of

Accepted Answer

Watson believed in the behaviorist theory where intelligence develops as a result of the reinforcement of appropriate behaviors. In his view, all behavior, including thinking, is learned through the environment, rather than being a product of innate tendencies or genetic factors. This suggests that if children exhibit appropriate behaviors, they will be rewarded which in turn leads to the development of intelligence.

Question 16

Fred and Ethel are arguing about children's development.Fred says it's all due to genetics,while Ethel says it's all about environmental influences and that genes just don't matter since our genetic make-ups are basically all the same.Fred's viewpoint is most like that of _____ while Ethel seems to follow the teachings of _____

Accepted Answer

Fred's viewpoint aligns with Jean Jacques Rousseau, who emphasized natural development and innate qualities, while Ethel's viewpoint aligns with John Locke, who believed in the tabula rasa or the idea that the mind is shaped by experience and environment.

Question 17

The idea that children are born innocent and may either be nurtured into kindness or corrupted by the environment was suggested by

Accepted Answer

The idea that children are born innocent and may either be nurtured into kindness or corrupted by the environment was suggested by Jean Jacques Rousseau. He believed in the concept of "noble savage" which suggested that humans are naturally good but the society and environment corrupt them. This idea was in contrast to the Puritans who believed in the concept of original sin, which suggested that humans are born sinful and need to be redeemed through religious teachings and practices. John Locke and John Watson also had theories about child development, but they did not specifically address the concept of innate goodness or corruption.

Question 18

The idea that intelligence,personality,and other characteristics are inborn is called

Accepted Answer

Nativism is the belief that certain characteristics or abilities are innate, or present at birth. This contradicts the theory of behaviorism, which suggests that all behavior is learned through experience and conditioning. The other options, dynamism and genetic expression, do not specifically relate to the idea of inborn characteristics.

Question 19

"Preformationism" refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

Preformationism is the idea that the embryo was a preformed miniature adult. This theory was popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, but has since been disproven.

Question 20

John Locke believed that

Accepted Answer

John Locke proposed the theory of tabula rasa or the idea that the mind is a blank slate at birth without any innate knowledge, and all knowledge and behavior are learned through experiences in the environment. Therefore, choice D is the best answer.

Quiz 2: Nature With Nurture

The popular 17^th century idea that an individual was fully formed (though obviously very small) at conception is called

John Locke's 17^th century idea that children's minds were like blank slates most closely corresponds to the more modern views of

John Watson's idea of behaviorism most resembled the philosophical stance of

Adoption studies have shown that

Zinobiya believes that all children are born in innocence and may blossom into beautiful people if left to themselves.Her ideas are most like those of

Twin studies are generally used to evaluate

The idea that all human qualities are pre-set by our genes is called

Which of the following quotes best exemplifies the idea that development is entirely genetic?

The Puritans believed that human nature was

Open schools,such as those which use the Montessori method,are based in philosophies that resemble those of

The 20^th century mental hygiene movement,in which people began to treat insanity as an illness,grew out of the philosophy of

The idea that humans are essentially still essentially embryos after birth was suggested by

Studies that attempt to measure the degree to which nature determines human development are called

The idea that we ought to control who has children in order to eliminate stupidity and other undesirable traits is called

According to John B.Watson,children develop intelligence as a result of

The idea that children are born innocent and may either be nurtured into kindness or corrupted by the environment was suggested by

The idea that intelligence,personality,and other characteristics are inborn is called

"Preformationism" refers to the idea that

John Locke believed that

Quiz 2: Nature With Nurture

The popular 17th century idea that an individual was fully formed (though obviously very small) at conception is called

John Locke's 17th century idea that children's minds were like blank slates most closely corresponds to the more modern views of

John Watson's idea of behaviorism most resembled the philosophical stance of

Adoption studies have shown that

Zinobiya believes that all children are born in innocence and may blossom into beautiful people if left to themselves.Her ideas are most like those of

Twin studies are generally used to evaluate

The idea that all human qualities are pre-set by our genes is called

Which of the following quotes best exemplifies the idea that development is entirely genetic?

The Puritans believed that human nature was

Open schools,such as those which use the Montessori method,are based in philosophies that resemble those of

The 20th century mental hygiene movement,in which people began to treat insanity as an illness,grew out of the philosophy of

The idea that humans are essentially still essentially embryos after birth was suggested by

Studies that attempt to measure the degree to which nature determines human development are called

The idea that we ought to control who has children in order to eliminate stupidity and other undesirable traits is called

According to John B.Watson,children develop intelligence as a result of

The idea that children are born innocent and may either be nurtured into kindness or corrupted by the environment was suggested by

The idea that intelligence,personality,and other characteristics are inborn is called

"Preformationism" refers to the idea that

John Locke believed that

The popular 17^th century idea that an individual was fully formed (though obviously very small) at conception is called

John Locke's 17^th century idea that children's minds were like blank slates most closely corresponds to the more modern views of

The 20^th century mental hygiene movement,in which people began to treat insanity as an illness,grew out of the philosophy of