Question 1

All of the following are contributions of the psychoanalytic perspective,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic perspective includes child, adolescent, and adult developmental stages, which is a contribution of this perspective. Family relationships are also considered central to development, and there is an emphasis on a developmental framework. Finally, emphasizing unconscious aspects of the mind is also a key contribution of the psychoanalytic perspective. Therefore, all of these options are contributions of this perspective, making option A incorrect.

Question 2

George thinks he has a good life.He just graduated from college,has many close friends,and is engaged to be married.According to Erik Erikson's theory,George would be developing a sense of:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, the developmental stage that occurs during early adulthood is intimacy vs. isolation. George's engagement and close friendships indicate that he is developing a sense of intimacy, which involves forming close, committed relationships with others. Generativity, which involves feeling a sense of contribution to the world, typically occurs later in adulthood. Humility and importance are not directly related to Erikson's stages of development.

Question 3

Whereas Jean Piaget emphasized the biological processes of cognitive development,Lev Vygotsky emphasized the effects of __________ on development.

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky believed that social interaction and culture played a significant role in cognitive development. He emphasized the importance of language and social interactions in shaping individual thinking and problem-solving abilities.

Question 4

Hidalgo is very good at simple addition and subtraction,but he has a hard time understanding the abstract algebraic problems that his sister,who is in high school,does.Hidalgo is currently in which of Jean Piaget's stages of development?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, the concrete operational stage occurs between the ages of 7 and 11. During this stage, children begin to think logically about concrete events but still have difficulty with abstract or hypothetical concepts, which is evident in Hidalgo's struggle with algebra.

Question 5

In which stage of Piagetian development do infants learn about their environment by coordinating their sensory experiences with their motor activity?

Accepted Answer

The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of Piagetian development, which occurs from birth to around 2 years old. During this stage, infants learn about their environment by coordinating their sensory experiences with their motor activity, such as reaching, grasping, and exploring objects. This stage is characterized by the development of object permanence, which means the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they can't be seen or heard.

Question 6

"Students at this age are full of surprises," comments the high school teacher."They come in looking and acting like punk rockers one day,then like nuns and monks the next!" Erik Erikson would say these students are:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, during adolescence (ages 13-18), individuals are in the stage of identity vs. role confusion. This involves actively exploring different roles in order to establish a sense of identity. The behavior described in the quote reflects this exploration of different identities and roles.

Question 7

According to Jean Piaget,this developmental stage is marked by the development of logical,organized reasoning skills.

Accepted Answer

The concrete operational stage, according to Piaget, is when children develop logical and organized reasoning skills, typically occurring between ages 7 and 11.

Question 8

Dr.Wong is a cognitive theorist,so we know that he will stress the importance of __________ for understanding development.

Accepted Answer

As a cognitive theorist, Dr. Wong emphasizes the role of conscious thoughts in development.

Question 9

Marie-Ann is 6 months old.When her mother hears her cries of hunger,she comes and feeds her;and when Marie-Ann is uncomfortable,her mother comes and moves her around until she is comfortable.Through these actions,Marie-Ann is learning that the world is a good place.Marie-Ann is currently in which stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

Marie-Ann is experiencing the trust versus mistrust stage of psychosocial development, which is the first stage of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. This stage occurs from birth to around 18 months old, and the main challenge is for the infant to develop trust in their caregivers and the world around them. Marie-Ann’s mother responding to her needs and providing comfort helps her to develop a sense of trust that the world is a safe and predictable place.

Question 10

Children in the preoperational stage of development lack the ability to:

Accepted Answer

The preoperational stage of development is characterized by children's inability to perform mental operations. Instead, they rely on intuitive thought and perception. They lack the ability to engage in systematic, logical, and abstract thinking. They are also unable to understand the conservation of quantity (e.g., that an object can retain its quantity despite a change in appearance or arrangement). This ability develops during the concrete operational stage.

Question 11

Ling-Chi is trying to make sense of her world.According to Piaget's theory,the two processes she uses to do this are __________ and _________.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, the two processes used to make sense of the world are organization and adaptation. Adaptation includes assimilation and accommodation.

Question 12

Julia is currently 2 years old.She is learning how to talk,and her parents would say that her favorite word is "no." This would be considered normal for a child in Erik Erikson's stage of:

Accepted Answer

Julia's behavior is indicative of the second stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage, toddlers gain a sense of independence and personal control over their environment. They begin to assert themselves, saying "no" quite often. This behavior is a normal part of toddler development as they learn to assert themselves and gain autonomy.

Question 13

The first stage in Erikson's theory is:

Accepted Answer

The first stage in Erikson's theory is trust versus mistrust, which occurs in infancy from birth to 18 months. During this stage, infants learn to trust or mistrust their environment and caregivers depending on whether their needs are consistently met or not.

Question 14

Which of the following of Erik Erikson's stages would most accurately describe the developmental phase of a preschooler?

Accepted Answer

The preschool years, typically ages 3 to 6, are best described as the initiative versus guilt stage of Erikson's theory. During this stage, children develop a sense of independence and initiative as they explore the world around them, but may also feel guilt and shame if they believe their actions displease others.

Question 15

Gustav spends a lot of time thinking about the world as it is now and as it could be if everyone took more personal responsibility for environmental and social conditions.Jean Piaget would say that Gustav is probably in the __________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, formal operational stage begins at around age 12 and is characterized by the ability to think abstractly and logically about hypothetical situations and ideas. Gustav's ability to think about how the world could be if everyone took more personal responsibility for environmental and social conditions suggests that he is likely in the formal operational stage.

Question 16

Ahkilia is bitter and resentful.She looks back on her life and realizes that she has made many mistakes and was too fearful to reach for her goals.At 82 years old,she knows it is too late to make any significant changes.Ahkilia is living in:

Accepted Answer

Ahkilia's realization that it is too late to make any significant changes indicates that she is experiencing despair, which is a feeling of hopelessness or desperation. The bitterness and resentment she feels towards herself about not reaching her goals and making mistakes further supports this. Inferiority, shame, and guilt are also negative emotions, but they are not as fitting in this scenario as despair.

Question 17

According to Jean Piaget,each developmental stage is:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory proposes that each developmental stage is characterized by a qualitative shift in cognitive functioning, meaning that the way children think and process information fundamentally changes from one stage to the next. This is different from quantitative changes, which involve only incremental shifts in skills or knowledge. Therefore, the best choice is D: qualitatively different from the previous stage.

Question 18

The second stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory is:

Accepted Answer

The second stage in Erikson's theory is autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over their physical skills and a sense of independence. If they are not successful in this stage, they may develop feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities.

Question 19

The stage of industry versus inferiority in Erik Erikson's developmental theory occurs approximately during which period?

Accepted Answer

The stage of industry versus inferiority occurs during the elementary school years, typically from ages 6 to 12. At this stage, children are learning to be competent in tasks and skills and are developing a sense of pride in their accomplishments.

Question 20

The main concern of Erik Erikson's stage of generativity versus stagnation is to:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stage of generativity versus stagnation occurs in middle adulthood, during which individuals are concerned with guiding and supporting the next generation. They feel a sense of usefulness and purpose through mentoring, teaching, and contributing to society. This stage is characterized by a focus on creating and nurturing things that will outlast the individual, such as raising a family, building a career, or volunteering in the community. Therefore, the main concern of this stage is to help the next generation develop and lead useful lives.

Quiz 1: Introduction-Quiz