Question 1

The first-order neurons in the trigeminothalamic pathway synapse with second-order neurons in the ____.

Accepted Answer

The first-order neurons in the trigeminothalamic pathway synapse with second-order neurons in the pons and medulla oblongata. This pathway is involved in transmitting sensory information from the face to the brain.

Question 2

In this diagram neuron [dropdown 1] is a third order neuron and conducts impulses from the [dropdown 2] to the [dropdown 3].
  
Dropdown 1 choices:
A
B
C
Dropdown 2 choices:
thalamus
peripheral somatic receptors
brain and spinal cord
Dropdown 3 choices:
primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex
brain or spinal cord
thalamus

Accepted Answer

The answer of In this diagram neuron [dropdown 1] is...

Question 3

You are sitting on a sunny Florida beach experiencing the sensation of warmth.Describe the anatomical structures and physiological events that allow you to perceive the warmth of the sun.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are sitting on a sunny Florida...

Question 4

Which of the structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is the trigeminothalamic tract?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the structures in the diagram...

Question 5

A first-order neuron of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway from the arm joins other axons to form the posterior column in the spinal column.It would synapse with second-order neuron cell bodies located in the _____.

Accepted Answer

The second-order neuron cell bodies for the arm fibers of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway are located in the cuneate nucleus, which is specific to the upper extremity. The gracile nucleus is responsible for lower extremity sensations. The dorsal gray horn contains interneurons and motor neurons for spinal reflexes, and the gracile and cuneate fasciculi are tracts within the posterior columns. Therefore, the best choice is D, the cuneate nucleus.

Question 6

Describe the role of the reticular activating system in sleep,arousal,and consciousness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the role of the reticular activating...

Question 7

When distinguishing among the somatic pathways based on its name,one that begins with "spino-",will

Accepted Answer

The prefix "spino-" refers to the spinal cord. Therefore, a pathway starting with "spino-" will begin in the spinal cord and terminate in the brain, carrying sensory information.

Question 8

A viral infection has damaged a patient's tectospinal tract.What signs of this damage probably helped the physicians diagnose the problem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A viral infection has damaged a patient's...

Question 9

What do the colored regions on the body's surface in the diagram represent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do the colored regions on the...

Question 10

A disorder that affects the basal nuclei would have what affect?

Accepted Answer

A disorder that affects the basal nuclei would cause shaking of hands, also known as tremors. Basal nuclei are responsible for coordinating muscle movements, and their dysfunction can lead to Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders characterized by tremors. Loss of memory, total loss of muscle tone, loss of sensation, and loss of speech are not primarily associated with basal nuclei dysfunction.

Question 11

Corticospinal pathways that decussate in the [dropdown 1] form the [dropdown 2].Corticospinal pathways that do not decussate form the [dropdown 3]?
Dropdown 1 choices:
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Thalamus
Midbrain
Dropdown 2&3 choices:
Anterior corticospinal tract
Indirect motor pathway
Lateral corticospinal tract

Accepted Answer

The answer of Corticospinal pathways that decussate in the [dropdown...

Question 12

The sensory homunculus appears distorted in the face and hands because it is a representation of the amount of

Accepted Answer

The sensory homunculus is a representation of the amount of sensory neurons dedicated to certain body parts, so the distortion in the face and hands indicates that these body parts have a higher density of sensory receptors than other parts of the body.

Question 13

In the trigeminothalamic pathway,first-order neuron's cell bodies are located in the

Accepted Answer

First-order neuron's cell bodies in the trigeminothalamic pathway are located in the trigeminal ganglia, which are sensory ganglia of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). The axons of these neurons enter the brainstem and synapse with second-order neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

Question 14

Compare short-term memory versus long-term memory with regard to specific changes that are thought to occur in the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare short-term memory versus long-term memory with...

Question 15

You are presented with this information for a clinical case study.These statements describe what stage of sleep?
1)Decreased heart rate.
2)Decreased blood pressure.
3)Skeletal muscle tone decreases.

Accepted Answer

Stage 4 NREM, also known as Delta or Slow Wave sleep, is characterized by decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and a significant decrease in skeletal muscle tone.

Question 16

Loss of dopamine production in the caudate nucleus is associated with

Accepted Answer

Loss of dopamine production in the caudate nucleus is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement.

Question 17

At the start of a concert,the pyrotechnics startle you.By the end of the concert,you cannot recall how many times there were fire displays.This lack of awareness is termed

Accepted Answer

Habituation is a decrease in response to a repetitive or non-threatening stimulus over time. In this case, the pyrotechnics become repetitive throughout the concert, resulting in a lack of awareness of how many times they occurred.

Question 18

A soccer ball was hit your way.You see the area you want to kick it to at the same time you are preparing to plant your foot and kick the ball.What area allows you to compare intended movement with the actual movement?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and control of movement. It receives information about intended movement from the cerebral cortex and compares it with actual movement to make adjustments.

Question 19

Synesthesia is a condition in which stimulation of one sensory modality results in perception of another.One man reportedly tastes shapes.Many synesthetic people hear colors.Based on what you know about sensation,propose a physiological mechanism that explains the phenomenon of synesthesia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Synesthesia is a condition in which stimulation...

Question 20

A rapid breeze causes your hairs to shift on your arms and legs.Which sensory receptor is stimulated?

Accepted Answer

The hair root plexus is a network of sensory nerve fibers surrounding the base of each hair follicle. It is sensitive to movement across the surface of the skin, such as a rapid breeze causing hairs to shift, making it the correct receptor stimulated in this scenario.

Quiz 16: Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems