Question 1

This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.

Accepted Answer

The internal urethral orifice is situated in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder, which is located between the two ureteric openings and the urethral sphincter. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, C, and E are not located in the trigone of the bladder.

Question 2

Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these.

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Question 3

Where is the arcuate vein?

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

Where is the papillary duct?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

This can be divided into the cortical zone and the juxtamedullary zone.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

This structure is the apex of a renal pyramid.

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Question 8

Where is the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

What two structures comprise the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

The renal corpuscle is composed of two structures - the glomerulus (structure A) and the Bowman's capsule (structure B). Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 10

Water accounts for what percentage of the total volume of urine?

Accepted Answer

Water accounts for approximately 95% of the total volume of urine, with the remaining 5% consisting of solutes such as urea, creatinine, ions, and various inorganic and organic substances.

Question 11

What is line "C" pointing to?

Accepted Answer

Line "C" is pointing towards the efferent arteriole, which carries blood away from the glomerulus and towards the peritubular capillaries.

Question 12

Where is the ascending limb of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Accepted Answer

The ureter is the tube that carries urine from each kidney to the bladder. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The descending nephron loop is a part of the kidney's filtration system and does not transport urine. The renal hilus is the entrance and exit point of the renal blood vessels, nerves, and ureter, but it does not transport urine.

Question 14

This layer's main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity.

Accepted Answer

The layer labeled B is the renal capsule, which surrounds the kidney and serves to protect it from trauma. It also helps to hold the kidney in place within the abdominal cavity. The layers labeled A and C are the renal cortex and renal medulla, respectively, and are responsible for the filtration and processing of urine.

Question 15

Urine formed by the nephrons first drains into these.

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Question 16

This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue,collagen and elastic fibers.

Accepted Answer

The lamina propria is a layer of connective tissue found beneath the epithelium of the ureter, containing collagen and elastic fibers.

Question 17

What does line "M" point to?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

This layer runs deep to the peritoneum on the anterior surface of the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

This is a test to measure kidney function.

Accepted Answer

Plasma creatinine is a standard test to measure kidney function. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, creatinine builds up in the bloodstream, and a high level of creatinine indicates a decrease in kidney function.

Question 20

Where is the corticomedullary junction?

Accepted Answer

The corticomedullary junction is the anatomical interface between the renal cortex and medulla. In the given image, the corticomedullary junction is depicted by the dark line marked with the letter J.

Quiz 26: The Urinary System