Question 1

In order to mobilize the funds needed for large-scale enterprises,most European countries enacted limited-liability laws ensuring that stockholders could lose only the value of their shares in the event of bankruptcy.

Accepted Answer

Limited-liability laws were enacted in most European countries to ensure that stockholders could only lose the value of their shares in case of bankruptcy, which helped mobilize funds for large-scale enterprises.

Question 2

After the turn of the twentieth century,some artists "sought an antidote to fin-de-siècle malaise" by looking:

Accepted Answer

Some artists at the turn of the twentieth century sought inspiration by looking backward to so-called primitive cultures. This interest in non-Western art and culture is known as primitivism and is characterized by a fascination with the exotic and the "other." Artists like Paul Gauguin and Henri Matisse were particularly drawn to the art of Polynesia and Africa and incorporated elements of these cultures into their work.

Question 3

Russia under Tsar Alexander II had made many liberal changes such as the freeing of the serfs.All liberal tendencies in the government came to an end with the assassination of the tsar.

Accepted Answer

Alexander II's reforms were aimed at liberalizing Russian society, but after his assassination in 1881, his successor Alexander III reversed many of these reforms and tightened government control over society.

Question 4

A powerful new tool of a general strike of all industrial workers was proposed by the syndicalists,who argued that it would do more to bring down the state than electoral politics.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the beliefs of syndicalists, who believed that a general strike of all industrial workers would be a more effective means of undermining the power of the state than relying on the electoral system.

Question 5

The outbreak of World War I was all that prevented civil war in Ireland in the early twentieth century.

Accepted Answer

The tensions between Irish nationalists and Unionists were high in the early 20th century, and many believed that a civil war was imminent. However, the outbreak of World War I in 1914 led to a temporary ceasefire and a focus on fighting a common enemy. The postponement of Home Rule also helped to ease tensions in Ireland.

Question 6

Lenin regarded revolution as the only answer to Russia's problems.

Accepted Answer

Lenin believed in the necessity of a violent revolution to overthrow the capitalist system and establish a socialist state in Russia. He considered that reforms and gradual changes within the existing system were insufficient to solve the country's social, economic, and political issues.

Question 7

The Third Republic of France was created after the fall of the Second Republic during the Sino-Prussian War.

Accepted Answer

The Third Republic of France was actually created after the fall of the Second Empire during the Franco-Prussian War.

Question 8

Futurism,as introduced to Italy by F.T.Marinetti,was an aggressive new art movement influenced by technology and the bustle of urban life.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the origins and characteristics of Futurism.

Question 9

The second half of the nineteenth century saw an increase in literacy in northern Europe to _________ of the population.

Accepted Answer

By the second half of the nineteenth century, literacy rates in northern Europe had risen significantly, reaching approximately 85 percent of the population due to educational reforms and increased access to schooling.

Question 10

What factors made Germany particularly receptive to social democracy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors made Germany particularly receptive to...

Question 11

What changes did industrialization cause in Europe?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What changes did industrialization cause in Europe?...

Question 12

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,culture entered a new era that has been labeled as:

Accepted Answer

The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw a significant break from traditional styles and conventions in art, literature, and music. This period is commonly referred to as Modernism, characterized by experimentation, rejection of traditional values, and a focus on individualism and subjective experience.

Question 13

What innovations typified the second industrial revolution,and what were the effects on European society?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What innovations typified the second industrial revolution,and...

Question 14

A pogrom is a Russian term for a violent attack on civilians.

Accepted Answer

A pogrom is indeed a Russian term used to describe a violent attack on civilians, particularly one aimed at a specific ethnic or religious group.

Question 15

Mass consumption was one of the greatest changes in the second industrial revolution as the traditional buying habits of the consumer both within and outside urban areas were quickly changed and society became much less stratified.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mass consumption was one of the greatest...

Question 16

The dominant trend in business during the second industrial revolution was a decreased cooperation between governments and industry.

Accepted Answer

The dominant trend in business during the second industrial revolution was an increased cooperation between governments and industry. This was often seen through protective tariffs, government subsidies for railroads, and investments in infrastructure.

Question 17

The near-universal adoption of the gold standard in currency exchange greatly diminished world trade.

Accepted Answer

The adoption of the gold standard actually increased world trade, as it provided stability and predictability in currency exchange rates. However, it did cause economic problems in some countries and was eventually abandoned by most nations.

Question 18

Although a few challenges to representational art had occurred earlier,the first significant break emerged in France with the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although a few challenges to representational art...

Question 19

The second industrial revolution created a strong demand for technical expertise,which meant that university degrees became more important than on-the-job apprenticeships.

Accepted Answer

With the rise of new technologies and industries, employers began to place greater emphasis on formal education and technical degrees rather than traditional apprenticeships.

Question 20

In Britain,the manufacturing of cheap steel in large quantities allowed it to outstrip German industrialism.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. German industrialism outstripped Britain's industrialism in the late 19th century. Germany became a leading producer of steel and chemicals, and its economy grew rapidly.

Quiz 23: Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914