Question 1

Black widow spider venom causes the excess release of _____. A) dopamine B) acetylcholine C) serotonin D) GABA_A

Accepted Answer

Black widow spider venom causes the excess release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction, which leads to the symptoms associated with a black widow spider bite.

Question 2

The GABA_A receptor has an ion channel specific to which ion? A) Ca²⁺ B) Na⁺ C) K⁺ D) Cl^-

Accepted Answer

The GABA_A receptor has a specific ion channel for chloride ions (Cl^-). This allows the influx or outflow of chloride ions to affect the cell's membrane potential and neural activity. The other three options are not specific to GABA_A receptor ion channels.

Question 3

Which is the best description of the "wanting" part of the wanting - and - liking theory?
A) Addiction occurs because users take a drug to avoid unpleasant psychological withdrawal systems.
B) Addiction develops subconsciously as a result of conditioned learning.
C) Addiction is the result of users taking drugs that produce pleasure.
D) Addiction results from activity in the mesolimbic dopamine system.
Answer Key

Accepted Answer

The "wanting" part of the wanting-and-liking theory suggests that addiction results from using drugs that produce pleasure, which creates a desire or craving for more. This can lead to increased drug use and ultimately addiction.

Question 4

Botulinum toxin blocks the release of _____.
A) histamine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) dopamine

Accepted Answer

Botulinum toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter that signals muscle contraction. By blocking this signal, the toxin can cause temporary paralysis in the affected muscles.

Question 5

Which types of drug passes into the bloodstream from the intestines?
A) drugs that are weak acids
B) drugs that are hydrophilic
C) drugs that are inhaled
D) drugs that are weak bases

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which types of drug passes into the...

Question 6

It is now believed that _____ is the neurotransmitter involved in drug addiction. A) beta-endorphin B) dopamine C) GABA_A D) serotonin

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is involved in drug addiction. It is released in response to many drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and heroin, and produces feelings of pleasure and reward that can drive addictive behavior.

Question 7

Which neurotoxin blocks glycine?
A) curare
B) rabies virus
C) magnesium
D) strychnine

Accepted Answer

Strychnine is a neurotoxin that blocks the action of glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that helps regulate muscle contractions. This leads to uncontrolled muscle spasms and can be fatal.

Question 8

Most of the drugs used to treat schizophrenia block a receptor for _____.
A) dopamine
B) glutamate
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

Most of the drugs used to treat schizophrenia are dopamine receptor antagonists, which block the activity of dopamine in the brain. This is because an overactivity of dopamine is believed to contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Other neurotransmitters like glutamate and serotonin have also been implicated in the disorder, but dopamine is the primary target for drug treatment.

Question 9

The substance MPTP, which caused "instant Parkinson's disease," was a selective neurotoxin that killed cells in the _____.
A) basal ganglia
B) amygdala
C) substantia nigra
D) motor cortex

Accepted Answer

MPTP is a selective neurotoxin that kills dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is a brain region involved in movement control. This leads to symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the correct answer is C) substantia nigra.

Question 10

What does the pineal gland have in common with the area postrema?
A) Both contain acetylcholine.
B) Both are in the epithalamus.
C) Both are unprotected by the blood-brain barrier.
D) Both are absent from the human brain.

Accepted Answer

Both the pineal gland and the area postrema are areas in the brain that are not protected by the blood-brain barrier, allowing them to directly interact with substances in the bloodstream.

Question 11

Which kind of tolerance causes the body to create more enzymes to break a drug down?
A) learned
B) cellular
C) metabolic
D) desensitization

Accepted Answer

Metabolic tolerance occurs when the body creates more enzymes to break a drug down, which decreases its effectiveness. This type of tolerance is also known as pharmacokinetic tolerance. Learned tolerance refers to the body's ability to adapt to the effects of a drug, while cellular tolerance refers to changes within the cells that make them less responsive to the drug. Desensitization can refer to cellular or receptor-level changes that reduce the response to a drug over time.

Question 12

Cannabis seems to act on receptors for the neurotransmitter _____.
A) psilocybin
B) serotonin
C) anandamide
D) glycine

Accepted Answer

Cannabis acts on receptors for the neurotransmitter anandamide, which is an endocannabinoid naturally produced by the body. Cannabis contains cannabinoids, such as THC, which mimic the effects of anandamide and bind to the same receptors.

Question 13

The drug Prozac interferes rather specifically with the reuptake of _____.
A) serotonin
B) glutamate
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

Prozac is a type of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which means it specifically targets the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, leading to increased levels of serotonin in the synapse. This is why Prozac is commonly prescribed for depression and anxiety, as serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to mood regulation.

Question 14

Which statement is NOT true of antidepressant drugs?
A) They have selective and very specific actions on the brain.
B) They improve chemical transmission in noradrenaline and histamine synapses.
C) It takes several weeks for their users to exhibit antidepressant effects.
D) Their use can result in increased anxiety and memory impairment.

Accepted Answer

Antidepressant drugs do not have selective and very specific actions on the brain; they often affect multiple neurotransmitter systems.

Question 15

The drug that Sigmund Freud used to fight depression was _____.
A) alcohol
B) heroin
C) Prozac
D) cocaine

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud used cocaine as a treatment for depression and also advocated for its use as a local anesthetic. However, he later realized its harmful effects and quit using it himself and stopped recommending it as a medical treatment.

Quiz 6: Extension: C - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Black widow spider venom causes the excess release of _____.

The GABAA receptor has an ion channel specific to which ion?

Which is the best description of the "wanting" part of the wanting - and - liking theory?

Botulinum toxin blocks the release of _____.

Which types of drug passes into the bloodstream from the intestines?

It is now believed that _____ is the neurotransmitter involved in drug addiction.

Which neurotoxin blocks glycine?

Most of the drugs used to treat schizophrenia block a receptor for _____.

The substance MPTP, which caused "instant Parkinson's disease," was a selective neurotoxin that killed cells in the _____.

What does the pineal gland have in common with the area postrema?

Which kind of tolerance causes the body to create more enzymes to break a drug down?

Cannabis seems to act on receptors for the neurotransmitter _____.

The drug Prozac interferes rather specifically with the reuptake of _____.

Which statement is NOT true of antidepressant drugs?

The drug that Sigmund Freud used to fight depression was _____.

The GABA_A receptor has an ion channel specific to which ion?