Question 1

Which is true of information processed during dichotic - listening experiments?
A) Information presented to the right ear is preferred.
B) Only language information can cross over via the corpus callosum.
C) Non-native English speakers show a preference for content words.
D) The removal of all hemispheric commissures leads to an inability to process multiple inputs.

Accepted Answer

Information presented to the right ear is typically processed more efficiently and with greater accuracy, indicating a left hemisphere dominance for language processing.

Answer: B
 Both language and non-language information can cross over via the corpus callosum, allowing for integration of information between the two hemispheres.

Answer: C
 Non-native English speakers show a preference for function words, rather than content words, when processing language during dichotic listening experiments.

Answer: D
 The removal of all hemispheric commissures leads to split-brain syndrome, in which each hemisphere is unable to communicate with the other, but does not necessarily lead to an inability to process multiple inputs.

Question 2

The incidence rate of agenesis of the corpus callosum is:
A) 1 per 100,000.
B) 5 per 1000.
C) 5 per 100,000.
D) 1 per 1000.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

The condition that results from severing the anterior commissure is called _____.
A) anosmia
B) alexia
C) acopia
D) agraphia

Accepted Answer

Anosmia is the loss of the sense of smell, which can result from severing the anterior commissure as it involves olfactory fibers.

Question 4

Downer's experiment with monkeys involved lesions to the _____.
A) amygdala
B) visual cortex
C) hippocampal commissure
D) prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

Downer's experiment with monkeys involved lesions to the prefrontal cortex.

Question 5

Preilowski (1975) performed an experiment in which he required commissurized patients to draw a diagonal line using the popular children's toy Etch A Sketch. What was being tested in this experiment?
A) artistic abilities
B) the ability to use both hands in concert
C) divergent thinking
D) spatial abilities

Accepted Answer

The experiment was testing the ability to use both hands in concert, as commissurized patients have had their corpus callosum severed, which limits the communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Drawing a diagonal line on an Etch A Sketch requires both hands to work together.

Question 6

Your patient can name odors presented to the left nostril but not to the right. You suspect damage to the _____.
A) corpus callosum
B) hippocampal commissure
C) anterior commissure
D) amygdalar commissure

Accepted Answer

The anterior commissure connects the olfactory bulbs and temporal lobes, which are involved in processing smells. Damage to the anterior commissure can result in a loss of communication between the two sides of the brain, leading to a condition known as unilateral anosmia, where the patient can only smell odors presented to one nostril.

Question 7

Geschwind hypothesized that individuals who show right - hand apraxia have damage to which region or regions of the brain?
A) the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure
B) the basal ganglia, especially the globus pallidus
C) the area that connects language areas and the motor cortex in the left hemisphere
D) the arcuate fasciculus and Broca's area

Accepted Answer

Geschwind hypothesized that right-hand apraxia was associated with damage to the area that connects language areas and the motor cortex in the left hemisphere, which is known as the arcuate fasciculus. This area is responsible for linking language and movement, making it critical for tasks that require complex motor sequencing and coordination, such as tool use and gesture production. Damage to this area can result in apraxia, a disorder in which individuals have difficulty performing purposeful movements or using tools, even though they have intact motor abilities.

Question 8

Who further developed the Dejerine and Liepmann concept of "disconnexion syndromes"?
A) Sperry
B) Wernicke
C) Mishkin
D) Geschwind

Accepted Answer

Geschwind further developed the concept of "disconnexion syndromes," which refers to functional disturbances resulting from the disconnection of neural pathways between different areas of the brain. His work focused on understanding the role of cerebral dominance in language function and the relationship between language disorders and lesions in specific brain regions.

Question 9

The _____ lobe has the fewest interhemispheric connections.
A) parietal
B) occipital
C) temporal
D) frontal

Accepted Answer

The occipital lobe is responsible for visual processing and has the fewest interhemispheric connections, as the majority of its functions are localized to one hemisphere. This is in contrast to the other lobes, which have a greater amount of connectivity between the two hemispheres.

Question 10

Typically, if you placed a common object in his or her right hand, a blindfolded commissurotomy patient would:
A) not recognize the object.
B) identify the object by saying its name.
C) point to a matching object with his or her left hand only after the blindfold is removed.
D) identify the object by drawing a picture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Typically, if you placed a common object...

Question 11

The patients studied by Sperry and his colleagues had undergone commissurotomy as a radical treatment for _____.
A) schizophrenia
B) psychotic depression
C) epilepsy
D) Parkinson's disease

Accepted Answer

The patients studied by Sperry and his colleagues had undergone commissurotomy as a radical treatment for epilepsy.

Question 12

Which of the following fiber pathways is considered a commissural pathway?
A) corpus callosum
B) amygdalar commissure
C) fornix
D) internal capsule

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is a large bundle of neural fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for communication between them. It is considered a commissural pathway because it connects corresponding areas of the cerebral cortex in the two hemispheres. The amygdalar commissure connects the two amygdalae, but this pathway is not as well-known or extensive as the corpus callosum. The fornix is a fiber bundle that connects the hippocampus with other brain areas, while the internal capsule is a pathway that contains both ascending and descending fibers between the brainstem and the cortex, but neither of these pathways are considered commissural.

Question 13

_____ is the name of the aphasic syndrome that is the result of a disconnection between the anterior and posterior speech zones.
A) Conduction aphasia
B) Broca's aphasia
C) Wernicke's aphasia
D) Production aphasia

Accepted Answer

Conduction aphasia is a type of aphasic syndrome that results from a disconnection between the anterior and posterior speech zones, which makes it difficult for individuals to repeat words or phrases even though they can understand and produce language. Broca's aphasia, on the other hand, is caused by damage to the Broca's area in the front of the brain, which affects speech production. Wernicke's aphasia is caused by damage to the Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe, which affects language comprehension. Production aphasia is not a recognized term in the field of neuroscience or psychology.

Question 14

Which sense has no crossed connections from the sense organ, and its interhemispheric connections are via the anterior commissure?
A) touch
B) balance
C) olfaction
D) audition

Accepted Answer

Olfaction (sense of smell) has no crossed connections from the olfactory bulb to the brain, and its interhemispheric connections are via the anterior commissure, which is a small bundle of fibers that connects the two olfactory bulbs. The other senses listed (touch, balance, and audition) all have crossed connections from their sense organs to the opposite hemisphere of the brain.

Question 15

The anterior portion of the corpus callosum is called the _____.
A) splenium
B) uncinate
C) rostrum
D) genu

Accepted Answer

The anterior portion of the corpus callosum is called the genu, which curves forward and downward ahead of the septum pellucidum.

Quiz 17: Extension: C - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Which is true of information processed during dichotic - listening experiments?

The incidence rate of agenesis of the corpus callosum is:

The condition that results from severing the anterior commissure is called _____.

Downer's experiment with monkeys involved lesions to the _____.

Preilowski (1975) performed an experiment in which he required commissurized patients to draw a diagonal line using the popular children's toy Etch A Sketch. What was being tested in this experiment?

Your patient can name odors presented to the left nostril but not to the right. You suspect damage to the _____.

Geschwind hypothesized that individuals who show right - hand apraxia have damage to which region or regions of the brain?

Who further developed the Dejerine and Liepmann concept of "disconnexion syndromes"?

The _____ lobe has the fewest interhemispheric connections.

Typically, if you placed a common object in his or her right hand, a blindfolded commissurotomy patient would:

The patients studied by Sperry and his colleagues had undergone commissurotomy as a radical treatment for _____.

Which of the following fiber pathways is considered a commissural pathway?

_____ is the name of the aphasic syndrome that is the result of a disconnection between the anterior and posterior speech zones.

Which sense has no crossed connections from the sense organ, and its interhemispheric connections are via the anterior commissure?

The anterior portion of the corpus callosum is called the _____.