Question 1

The area of study that strives to increase the effectiveness,safety,and productivity of humans using machines is the area called

Accepted Answer

Human factors engineering, also known as ergonomics, is the field that focuses on designing and optimizing the relationships between humans and machines to increase effectiveness, safety, and productivity. It considers the physical and cognitive capabilities and limitations of humans, as well as the design and functionality of the machines they use, in order to create the most efficient and user-friendly system possible. Productivity training, organizational psychology, and valence efficiency are all related to improving workplace performance and motivation, but do not specifically address the interaction between humans and machines.

Question 2

When people work together on a project and a particular person works less hard because their diminished effort is hidden by the group effort,this phenomenon is known as

Accepted Answer

Social loafing occurs when a member of a group decreases their effort because they believe their contribution is not crucial and may be hidden by the collective effort of the group. This phenomenon can occur when individuals feel less accountable in a group setting or when they believe their contribution will not be recognized or rewarded.

Question 3

Which of the following management styles is more like to be used by a female manager?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that women managers are more likely to use a transformational management style, which emphasizes teamwork, collaboration, and empowering employees to reach their full potential. This style tends to be more inclusive and relationship-oriented, which aligns with many stereotypical gender expectations of women being more nurturing and supportive.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is correct concerning healthy employees? Healthy employees

Accepted Answer

Healthy employees are more productive because they have better physical and mental well-being, which allows them to perform better in their job responsibilities. They are less likely to take sick leave, reducing absenteeism rates and increasing productivity. Furthermore, they are less likely to make health benefit claims, as they have fewer health issues.

Question 5

Consumer safety issues appear to be best suited to the work of

Accepted Answer

Human factors engineers specialize in designing products and systems that are safe and easy to use for consumers. They focus on understanding human capabilities, limitations, and behavior when using products, which makes them best suited to address consumer safety issues. Industrial-organizational psychologists focus on workplace issues, educational psychologists on learning and education, and environmental psychologists on the relationship between humans and their physical environment.

Question 6

The field of human factors engineering is also sometimes called

Accepted Answer

The correct term for the field is ergonomics, which refers to the design of equipment and devices so that they are easy and comfortable to use by humans. The other options are not related to the field of human factors engineering.

Question 7

A company is concerned about its high absentee rate and number of claims for health benefits among its employees.The company might benefit by

Accepted Answer

By making exercise easy and offering healthful foods, the company can encourage healthier behaviors among its employees, which can lead to a decrease in absenteeism and health benefit claims. A human factors engineer and an environmental psychologist may not have the expertise to directly address health and wellness issues among employees. Management by objectives and in-basket exercises may help with increasing productivity and goal-setting among employees, but may not have a direct impact on health and wellness.

Question 8

A group of psychologists at your university are attempting to design a typewriter that will allow the kind of performance now possible with state-of-the-art electronics while leading to less fatigue to the user.This group probably consists of

Accepted Answer

Human factors psychology deals with the design of equipment and devices that are easy and efficient to use while minimizing the risk of errors and reducing operator fatigue. Since the psychologists are trying to design a typewriter that is ergonomically sound and reduces user fatigue, it is likely that they are human factors psychologists. Choice B) organizational psychologists study the behavior of people in organizations and would be unlikely to be involved in designing a typewriter. Choice C) machine psychologists and D) industrial psychologists are not recognized fields of psychology.

Question 9

What benefit did keeping its employees healthy through exercise have for the Johnson & Johnson Corporation?

Accepted Answer

Keeping employees healthy through exercise saved almost a quarter-of-a-million dollars in health care claims for the Johnson & Johnson Corporation.

Question 10

Of the following traits,which seems to be the most important for successful leadership?

Accepted Answer

Flexibility is the most important trait for successful leadership as it allows leaders to adapt to changing situations and think creatively to solve problems. Being controlling or manipulative can lead to negative consequences and a lack of trust from team members, while introversion may hinder communication and collaboration.

Question 11

Why would an employer be interested in promoting employee health?

Accepted Answer

Healthy employees tend to be more productive and take fewer sick days, which can ultimately contribute to better business outcomes and a higher bottom line. Employers may also see a reduction in healthcare costs associated with chronic conditions and absenteeism.

Question 12

Investigations by human factors engineers of nuclear power plant accidents have suggested that human error was the result of

Accepted Answer

Investigations have found that complicated and cluttered visual displays can contribute to human error in nuclear power plants. This can lead to misunderstanding and misinterpretation of important information, leading to mistakes and accidents.

Question 13

The goal of human factors engineering is to make machines

Accepted Answer

The goal of human factors engineering is to design machines and systems that are easy and intuitive for humans to operate, increasing efficiency, safety, and minimizing errors. Therefore, option B is the best choice. Options A, C, and D are not relevant to the goal of human factors engineering.

Question 14

A business that promotes a healthful lifestyle by offering good food choices and free health club memberships can find that this practice

Accepted Answer

Offering good food choices and free health club memberships can lead to healthier employees, which can result in lower health care claims and reduced absenteeism. This can ultimately be profitable for the business.

Question 15

If a company was looking for someone with high leadership potential,it would do well to consider which pair of traits?

Accepted Answer

Drive and honesty are both key traits of effective leaders. Drive ensures that the person is motivated and will work hard to achieve goals, while honesty is crucial for building trust with team members and making sound, ethical decisions. While introversion and likeability, compassion and selflessness, and manipulative and strong-willed traits may have certain benefits, they are not necessarily indicative of high leadership potential on their own.

Question 16

What type of psychologist is most likely to study issues such as the optimum way to display visual information,the most appropriate types of auditory signals,and the most effective information flow models?

Accepted Answer

Human factors researchers specialize in studying how people interact with technology and how to design products and interfaces that are easy to use and efficient. This includes studying issues related to visual and auditory displays and information flow models. Personnel psychologists focus on issues related to hiring, training, and performance evaluation. Experimental psychologists conduct research on a wide range of topics, but may not necessarily specialize in issues related to human-technology interaction. Environmental psychologists study how people are affected by their physical surroundings, but may not necessarily focus on technology interfaces.

Question 17

If you were told that a certain company had a "glass ceiling," you would know the company

Accepted Answer

A "glass ceiling" refers to an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to upper-level management positions within a company or organization. Therefore, if a certain company has a "glass ceiling", it means that they fail to place women and minorities in top leadership positions.

Question 18

The management style known as ______ is used to inspire employers to reach their full potential by setting a good example,clearly stating future goals,seeking innovative solutions,and empowering employees.

Accepted Answer

The management style described in the question is transformational management. This style focuses on inspiring and motivating employees to reach their full potential by setting clear goals, empowering them, and encouraging innovation. The manager acts as a role model and sets an example for employees to follow.

Question 19

The concept that women can rise to a certain level of leadership and then their progress is stopped is known as

Accepted Answer

This concept is commonly referred to as the "glass ceiling," which describes an invisible barrier that prevents women and other minority groups from achieving higher levels of leadership and advancement within organizations despite their qualifications and abilities.

Question 20

Designing equipment and systems around the limitations and needs of human workers is a primary goal of

Accepted Answer

Human factors research is focused on creating technology, equipment and systems that are effective, efficient and accommodating for human users. This involves studying human capabilities and limitations to design interfaces, displays, controls and work environments that are both safe and user-friendly. Personnel selection (A) is concerned with recruiting, hiring and promoting individuals who have the necessary skills, knowledge and experience to perform specific job tasks. Environmental psychology (B) focuses on the interaction between individuals and their physical surroundings, studying how people perceive and respond to their environment. Organizational psychology (C) looks at how individuals behave in various organizational structures and at how organizations can optimize performance and promote employee well-being.

Quiz 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions