Question 1

How is the postabsorptive state controlled and initiated?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Which term describes the action of an endurance runner the night before the race as she "carbo-loads" when eating a large pasta dinner?

Accepted Answer

Carbo-loading involves increasing glycogen stores in the muscles and liver through glycogenesis, the process of converting glucose into glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose when energy is needed, glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose for energy, and gluconeogenesis is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Question 3

Glucose can be obtained from ________.

Accepted Answer

Glucose can be obtained through glycogenolysis, which is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Triglyceride anabolism, lipogenesis, and protein anabolism do not directly produce glucose.

Question 4

Megadoses of vitamin supplements may have serious consequences.Extreme excess of which vitamin group,water or fat soluble,is most likely to cause serious health problems,and why?

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Question 5

Define amino acid pool and explain how the pool is maintained even though we excrete amino acids daily.

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Question 6

In India,rice is a large part of the diet.Lack of which vitamin in rice would lead to higher levels of blindness in this population?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of blindness in developing countries like India. Rice, which is a major part of their diet, lacks beta-carotene, which is a precursor to vitamin A. Therefore, a lack of vitamin A in their diet can lead to higher levels of blindness.

Question 7

What is obesity,and what health problems accompany or follow its onset?

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Question 8

At the conclusion of glycolysis,most of glucose's chemical energy is found in the ________.

Accepted Answer

At the end of glycolysis, most of the energy originally in glucose is retained in the pyruvic acid molecules, which can be further processed in cellular respiration.

Question 9

A recent health screening revealed a low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)level over 130.Which of the following should be prescribed?

Accepted Answer

Statins are a class of medications that are commonly prescribed to lower LDL cholesterol levels in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. Insulin is used to treat diabetes, not high LDL levels. Iron is prescribed for anemia, and glucagon is used to treat hypoglycemia.

Question 10

Which of the following best defines negative nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

Negative nitrogen balance occurs when protein breakdown (catabolism) exceeds protein synthesis (anabolism), leading to a net loss of nitrogen in the body. This can be caused by a variety of factors such as malnutrition, illness, and injury. It is not considered normal or desirable for long-term health.

Question 11

A friend expresses concern that their family hardly ever consumes fruits and vegetables and is not eating healthy.Use the USDA's MyPlate food guide to help your friend understand how to improve this family's diet.

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Question 12

What are the four mechanisms of heat exchange and how are they defined?

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Question 13

Harry is hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia.When you visit him,his teeth are chattering,his skin is cool and clammy to the touch,and he complains of feeling cold,even though the room is quite warm.Explain his symptoms.

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Question 14

Your car breaks down along the highway on a cold winter afternoon.As you wait for help to arrive,the temperature drops significantly inside the car.Describe two involuntary adjustments an adult body will make in order to maintain core body temperature.

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Question 15

After chopping wood for about 2 hours on a hot but breezy afternoon,John stumbled into the house and immediately fainted.His T-shirt was wringing wet with perspiration,and his pulse was faint and rapid.What is your tentative diagnosis? Explain your reasoning and note what you should do to help John's recovery.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Several hours after your last meal,declining blood glucose levels stimulate release of the hormone ________,which stimulates glycogenolysis,lipolysis and fat mobilization,and gluconeogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is released when blood glucose levels decline after several hours of fasting. It stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis), release fatty acids from adipose tissue (lipolysis), and convert amino acids into glucose (gluconeogenesis) to maintain blood glucose levels. Thyroxine, cortisol, and insulin can also affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, but they are not primarily responsible for the changes that occur during fasting.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of low-density-lipoproteins (LDLs)?

Accepted Answer

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) primarily transport cholesterol from the liver to the peripheral tissues, not from the peripheral tissues to the liver. This function is mainly attributed to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs).

Question 18

While traveling abroad in Africa you observe a large number of people with goiter (enlarged thyroid).Which mineral deficiency could be responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Goiter is often caused by iodine deficiency, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Africa is known to be an area of iodine deficiency, and this may be the reason for the observed large number of people with goiter. Chromium, fluorine, and iron deficiencies are not typically associated with the development of goiter.

Question 19

What is the significance of the fact that monosaccharides are phosphorylated immediately upon entry into cells?

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Question 20

Red blood cells lack mitochondria.As a result,ATP production is solely through ________.

Accepted Answer

Since red blood cells lack mitochondria, ATP production can only occur through glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Therefore, Choice A is the best answer for this question. Choices B, C, and D are not possible since they all require the presence of mitochondria.

Quiz 24: Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation