Question 1

Given the fact that the motor cortex controls movement of contralateral body parts,if your grandfather experiences damage to his right hemisphere motor cortex due to a stroke,it is likely that he will
A) not be able to walk at all because he will be paralyzed from the waist down.
B) have some paralysis in the left side of his body.
C) not be able to understand anything you say to him.
D) have some paralysis on the right side of his body.

Accepted Answer

Since the motor cortex controls movement of contralateral (opposite) body parts, damage to the right hemisphere motor cortex will result in some paralysis on the left side of the body. Option A is incorrect because the question doesn't mention the stroke affecting the spinal cord, so we cannot assume there will be paralysis from the waist down. Option C is incorrect because it is not related to the motor cortex. Option D is incorrect because the question specifically mentions damage to the right hemisphere, which would result in paralysis on the left side of the body.

Question 2

The primary purpose of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is to
A) nourish the cells of the brain.
B) cushion or "float" the weight of the brain.
C) remove toxins from the brain.
D) provide circulation for chemical messengers.

Accepted Answer

The primary purpose of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is to cushion or "float" the weight of the brain. It provides a protective barrier between the brain and skull, helping to prevent damage from impacts or movements. CSF also helps to remove waste products from the brain and provides a pathway for the circulation of nutrients and chemical messengers. However, cushioning the brain is its primary function.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct?
A) The central nervous system is encased in bone,but has no cerebrospinal fluid.
B) The peripheral nervous system is encased in bone,but has no cerebrospinal fluid.
C) The peripheral nervous system is encased with bone and is bathed with cerebrospinal fluid.
D) The central nervous system is encased with bone and is bathed with cerebrospinal fluid.

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, is encased in bone (skull and vertebral column) and is also surrounded and protected by cerebrospinal fluid. The peripheral nervous system, which includes all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, is not encased in bone, but some nerves do run through bony canals or tunnels. The peripheral nervous system is also not bathed in cerebrospinal fluid, as it is only found around the central nervous system.

Question 4

A condition that results when the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is blocked is known as
A) hydrocephalus.
B) meningioma.
C) meningitis.
D) septicemia.

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, usually due to a blockage in the normal flow, resulting in pressure within the skull. Meningioma is a type of brain tumor, meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, and septicemia is a serious bloodstream infection.

Question 5

This figure illustrates the circulation of
A) blood through the brain and spinal cord.
B) cerebrospinal fluid between the meninges and the upper layer of cortex.
C) cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricles,the central canal of the spinal cord,and in the subarachnoid space.
D) cerebrospinal fluid,from its manufacture in the subarachnoid space into the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The figure illustrates the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricles, the central canal of the spinal cord, and in the subarachnoid space.

Question 6

Which of the following is found in the peripheral nervous system?
A) the corpus callosum
B) the red nucleus
C) the sympathetic nervous system
D) the central canal

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system, which controls the body's fight or flight response, is part of the peripheral nervous system. The corpus callosum is part of the brain and the red nucleus is part of the midbrain. The central canal is found in the spinal cord.

Question 7

Your cat always walks up to you and wants you to pet it on its ________ surface,but your dog lies on its back and presents its _________ surface for you to scratch.
A) ventral;dorsal
B) dorsal;ventral
C) rostral;caudal
D) caudal;rostral

Accepted Answer

The cat presents its ventral surface for petting, and the dog presents its dorsal surface for scratching. Therefore, the correct choices are ventral for a cat and dorsal for a dog. Choices A, C, and D are also anatomical terms, but they do not correctly describe the situation with the cat and dog in the question.

Question 8

If you go to the doctor with a fever,horrible headache,and a stiff neck,why might the doctor suggest a spinal tap?
A) A spinal tap will tell if you have a brain tumor.
B) The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)may tell the doctor if there is any evidence of meningitis or encephalitis.
C) The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is the same as the blood supply,and the doctor can tell if you have an infection.
D) The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is the only way the doctor can tell if you are on drugs.

Accepted Answer

A spinal tap can help the doctor analyze the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for signs of meningitis or encephalitis, which are serious infections that affect the brain and spinal cord. The presence of certain types of cells, proteins, or bacteria/viruses in the CSF can help diagnose and guide treatment for these conditions. A spinal tap is not typically used to diagnose a brain tumor, to check for drug use, or to test the blood supply.

Question 9

Running down the center of the spinal cord is the
A) subarachnoid space.
B) fourth ventricle.
C) central canal.
D) spinal ventricle.

Accepted Answer

The central canal runs down the center of the spinal cord.

Question 10

Which layers of the meninges are found in the peripheral nervous system?
A) pia mater,arachnoid layer,and dura mater
B) pia mater only
C) pia mater and dura mater only
D) arachnoid layer and dura mater only

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which layers of the meninges are found...

Question 11

Why would your doctor want to do a spinal tap if she suspected that you had an infection of the brain?
A) Because the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)of the spinal cord is continuous with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)of the brain.
B) Because the spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.
C) Because the peripheral and central nervous systems are connected.
D) She wouldn't do a spinal tap because the spinal cord is made of different kinds of neurons than the brain.

Accepted Answer

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the spinal cord is continuous with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the brain. Therefore, a spinal tap can provide information about the presence of infection in the brain by analyzing the CSF collected from the spinal cord.

Question 12

The blood supply to the brain is provided by the
A) carotid and vertebral arteries.
B) subclavian and axillary arteries.
C) celiac artery.
D) aorta.

Accepted Answer

The carotid and vertebral arteries provide the blood supply to the brain. The subclavian and axillary arteries supply blood to the upper extremities, while the celiac artery supplies blood to the digestive organs. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 13

Which of the meninges is described as a leatherlike tissue that follows the contours of the skull bones?
A) pia mater
B) dura mater
C) arachnoid layer
D) subarachnoid space

Accepted Answer

The dura mater is the tough, leatherlike outermost layer of the meninges that follows the contours of the skull bones.

Question 14

A friend calls and says his child has just come down with a fever.When the child bends her head forward she screams in pain.The parent asks you what to do.Given what you have read in this chapter,what would you suggest?
A) Have the child lie down;she'll probably be fine.
B) Call the pediatrician in the morning.
C) Get the child immediately to the nearest hospital,as the symptoms sound very much like meningitis.You may be wrong,but it's not worth taking the chance.
D) The child probably has a brain tumor and should see a neurologist.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described - fever, neck stiffness, and severe headache - could be indicative of meningitis, which is a serious infection that requires immediate medical attention. Delay in treatment can lead to serious complications or even death, so it is important to err on the side of caution and take the child to the nearest hospital right away. Waiting until morning or assuming that the child will be fine can be dangerous, so it is essential to act quickly in such situations. Options A and B are not appropriate in this case, as they imply a wait-and-see approach that may be detrimental to the child's health. Option D is also unlikely, as brain tumors are rare in children and the symptoms presented do not necessarily suggest a brain tumor as the cause.

Question 15

The subarachnoid space is found between the arachnoid layer and the
A) pia mater.
B) dura mater.
C) skull bones.
D) lateral ventricles.

Accepted Answer

The subarachnoid space is located between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater, which is the innermost layer of the meninges that directly covers the brain and spinal cord.

Question 16

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)may be found in the
A) central and peripheral nervous systems.
B) peripheral nervous system only.
C) lateral ventricles only.
D) ventricles,subarachnoid space,and central canal of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be found in the ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal of the spinal cord. It is produced in the ventricles and circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and support for the nervous system. CSF is not found in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 17

A subdural hematoma is a "bruise" that often occurs following a head injury.Given your knowledge of anatomical terms,which of the following is the likely location of this type of injury?
A) the scalp
B) the meninges
C) the lateral ventricles
D) the central canal of the spinal cord

Accepted Answer

A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood that accumulates between the dura mater (the outermost layer of the meninges) and the arachnoid mater (the middle layer of the meninges) following a head injury. Therefore, the likely location of this type of injury is the meninges (choice B).

Question 18

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is produced by the
A) meninges.
B) subarachnoid space.
C) choroid plexus.
D) ventricles.

Accepted Answer

CSF is produced by the choroid plexus, which is a network of capillaries that are surrounded by specialized ependymal cells. These cells actively transport ions and other substances from the blood into the ventricles of the brain, which ultimately results in the secretion of the clear, colorless fluid known as CSF.

Question 19

The region consisting of the head,neck,and arms is served by nerves exiting the _________ division of the spinal cord.
A) sacral
B) lumbar
C) thoracic
D) cervical

Accepted Answer

The cervical division of the spinal cord is located in the neck region and serves the head, neck, and arms. The sacral division serves the lower limbs, while the lumbar and thoracic division serve the trunk of the body.

Question 20

The spinal cord extends _________ of the vertebral column.
A) down the entire length
B) down about two-thirds the length
C) about halfway down the length
D) about a third of the way down the length

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord extends down about two-thirds the length of the vertebral column, from the brain stem to the first or second lumbar vertebra.

Quiz 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Given the fact that the motor cortex controls movement of contralateral body parts,if your grandfather experiences damage to his right hemisphere motor cortex due to a stroke,it is likely that he will

The primary purpose of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is to

Which of the following statements is correct?

A condition that results when the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is blocked is known as

This figure illustrates the circulation of

Which of the following is found in the peripheral nervous system?

Your cat always walks up to you and wants you to pet it on its surface,but your dog lies on its back and presents its _ surface for you to scratch.

If you go to the doctor with a fever,horrible headache,and a stiff neck,why might the doctor suggest a spinal tap?

Running down the center of the spinal cord is the

Which layers of the meninges are found in the peripheral nervous system?

Why would your doctor want to do a spinal tap if she suspected that you had an infection of the brain?

The blood supply to the brain is provided by the

Which of the meninges is described as a leatherlike tissue that follows the contours of the skull bones?

A friend calls and says his child has just come down with a fever.When the child bends her head forward she screams in pain.The parent asks you what to do.Given what you have read in this chapter,what would you suggest?

The subarachnoid space is found between the arachnoid layer and the

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be found in the

A subdural hematoma is a "bruise" that often occurs following a head injury.Given your knowledge of anatomical terms,which of the following is the likely location of this type of injury?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by the

The region consisting of the head,neck,and arms is served by nerves exiting the _________ division of the spinal cord.

The spinal cord extends _________ of the vertebral column.