Question 1

According to Lev Vygotsky,cognitive development occurs when ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Lev Vygotsky,cognitive development occurs when...

Question 2

____ is the ability to understand the thinking process in oneself and others.

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind is the ability to understand and infer the mental states, beliefs, and intentions of oneself and others. It is an essential component of social cognition, communication, and interpersonal relationships. Unconscious cognition refers to mental processes that occur without conscious awareness, while subliminal thought refers to stimuli that are perceived below the threshold of conscious perception. Hypothesis of thinking is not a term commonly used in psychology.

Question 3

According to the text,what is the age when formal school instruction begins in many cultures?

Accepted Answer

The text states that in many cultures, formal school instruction begins at the age of seven.

Question 4

According to Piaget,children begin using their new cognitive skills as they acquire them,and many times these new cognitive skills can be witnessed during play.What would be an example of children using symbolic functioning during play?

Accepted Answer

Using a stick as a "magic wand" to turn rocks into dolls involves symbolic functioning, as the child is using an object (the stick) to represent something else (a magic wand). This demonstrates the child's ability to use symbols to represent objects and ideas.

Question 5

Preoperational children lack the ability to comprehend that objects can be simultaneously part of more than one group.Piaget referred to this as a lack of a capacity for ____.

Accepted Answer

Piaget referred to the inability to understand that objects can belong to more than one group simultaneously as a lack of capacity for classification. This is a key concept in Piaget's theory of cognitive development during the preoperational stage, which is characterized by the child's ability to use symbols and language to represent objects and events, but their thinking is often limited by the lack of logical operations. While sorting is an important skill for young children to develop, it is not a key concept in Piaget's theory of preoperational thinking. Transference and configuring are not directly related to the cognitive abilities of preoperational children.

Question 6

It is not until age ____ that nearly all children can solve a false belief task easily.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that it is typically not until around age 6 that a child is able to successfully complete a false belief task, which requires them to understand that someone else can have a belief that is different from reality. By age 8, nearly all children are able to solve false belief tasks easily.

Question 7

Many ____ cultures value silence,especially in children,and view children who talk frequently as immature and low in intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Asian cultures, such as in Japan and China, often value silence and restraint in communication, particularly in children. Talking frequently may be seen as a sign of immaturity and low intelligence.

Question 8

The substage of intuitive thought lasts from the ages of ____.

Accepted Answer

The substage of intuitive thought is part of Piaget's preoperational stage, which occurs from ages 4 to 7. During this period, children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions.

Question 9

Researchers have found that 2- to 7-year-old children are actually less egocentric than Piaget thought.What is an example of a toddler understanding the perspective of someone else?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have found that 2- to 7-year-old...

Question 10

What is the name of the substage in which Piaget indicated that children seem to ask the question "Why?" very frequently?

Accepted Answer

The substage in which Piaget indicated that children seem to ask the question "Why?" very frequently is the intuitive thought substage. This stage occurs between the ages of 4 and 7 and is characterized by children's tendency to use primitive reasoning and to ask many questions to try to understand the world around them.

Question 11

What is the name of the Piagetian substage in which children are first capable of representational thought and of using symbols to represent the world?

Accepted Answer

This substage is called the symbolic function substage and occurs during the preoperational stage of development according to Piaget's theory. Children at this stage can use symbols to represent objects and concepts in their minds, such as through pretend play and drawing.

Question 12

What is a factor in cultural learning in developed countries that is different from cultural learning in traditional cultures? Compared to developing countries,children in developed countries ____.

Accepted Answer

In developed countries, it is common for children to attend school or daycare and be apart from their families, whereas in traditional cultures, children may be constantly with at least one family member.

Note: The second part of the question does not have an answer choice provided.

Question 13

Who was the theorist who viewed cognitive development as an inherently social and cultural process?

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as an inherently social and cultural process, in which children learn through interactions with a more knowledgeable other. He emphasized the role of language and communication in shaping thinking and believed that learning takes place in a social context.

Question 14

What is one of the criticisms that other cognitive theorists and researchers have regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development during the preoperational stage? They believe that development is actually much more ____.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory has been criticized for suggesting that development occurs in discrete stages. Critics argue that cognitive development is more continuous and less tied to specific stages than Piaget proposed.

Question 15

Your neighbor has a 4-year-old son who is driving her crazy.He is constantly asking "Why?" about everything.She knew that children asked questions,but she was surprised to learn how frequently the question arose and that her answers seemed to only lead to another "Why?" According to Piaget,her son has developed a more complex way of thinking.Which of Piaget's substages would you tell her that her son is probably in?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the "why?" phase is typically seen in children of the preoperational stage, which occurs between ages 2-7 years old. Within this stage, Piaget identified a substage called "intuitive thought," in which children begin to use symbols to represent objects and ideas, and ask questions to gain a better understanding of how the world works. Therefore, the most likely choice for the son's current stage of development would be C) intuitive thought.

Question 16

Which of the following are the substages of Piaget's preoperational thought?

Accepted Answer

The substages of Piaget's preoperational thought are the symbolic function stage and the intuitive thought stage. Option A refers to substages of the sensorimotor and concrete operational stages, option C refers to characteristics of the preoperational stage, and option D refers to the final stage of cognitive development according to Piaget.

Question 17

Which of the following theorists proposed that children learn not through their individual interactions with the environment but through social process of guided by participation?

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky proposed the sociocultural theory, which suggests that children's learning is guided by participation in social activities in collaboration with others, rather than individual interactions with the environment. He emphasized the importance of social interaction and cultural context in shaping children's cognitive development.

Question 18

Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development has ____ substages.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development is divided into two substages: the symbolic function substage and the intuitive thought substage.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a child who lacks classification?

Accepted Answer

If a child lacks classification, they would have difficulty understanding that objects can be simultaneously part of more than one class or group. They may struggle with tasks that involve categorizing or sorting objects based on their similarities or differences.

Question 20

What is one of the criticisms that other cognitive theorists and researchers have regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development during the preoperational stage?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory has been criticized for underestimating children's cognitive abilities, as later research has shown that children can perform certain tasks earlier than Piaget suggested.

Quiz 6: Early Childhood