Question 1

Boys are consistently more ____ aggressive than girls,in earlier childhood and throughout the lifespan.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that boys engage in more physical aggression than girls, both in childhood and adulthood. While there are other forms of aggression such as verbal aggression, physical aggression is the most commonly studied and reported form of aggression in research.

Question 2

What are people with whom you develop a valued,mutual relationship?

Accepted Answer

Peers are generally colleagues or classmates who you have a professional or academic relationship with, while relatives and siblings are family members. While these relationships can also be valuable and mutual, they are not necessarily the same as friendships. Therefore, the best choice for people with whom you develop a valued, mutual relationship is friends.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes relational aggression?

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression involves using tactics such as social exclusion, gossip, and spreading rumors to harm another person's reputation among peers. It is not necessarily physical in nature and is more focused on social manipulation. Option A describes instrumental aggression, Option B describes physical aggression, and Option D describes physical violence.

Question 4

Across cultures,aggression is frequently a component of children's play in early and middle childhood,especially for boys.According to the textbook,this type of aggressive play helps to establish ____.

Accepted Answer

Aggressive play helps establish a dominance hierarchy among children, where some children may be seen as more dominant and others as more submissive. This hierarchy may impact future social interactions and relationships among the children.

Question 5

What expression of aggression involves yelling,calling others names,or teasing?

Accepted Answer

Verbal aggression involves the use of words to express aggression towards others, such as yelling, calling others names, or teasing.

Question 6

Why is early childhood a crucial time for addressing physical aggression? When aggression is still high at the end of early childhood,____.

Accepted Answer

Early childhood is a crucial time for addressing physical aggression because if it still persists at the end of this period, it becomes a strong predictor of later aggression in adolescence and adulthood. This highlights the importance of addressing aggressive behavior in its early stages.

Question 7

What type of aggression is involved when a child exhibits signs of anger and intends to inflict pain or harm on others?

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression involves anger and the intention to harm or inflict pain on others, which is consistent with the behavior of a child exhibiting signs of anger and intending to harm others. Instrumental aggression is focused on achieving a specific goal or outcome, which may not involve causing harm to others. Physical aggression involves the use of physical force to cause harm, which may or may not be accompanied by anger. Verbal aggression involves the use of words to cause harm or inflict pain, which may or may not involve physical violence.

Question 8

Numerous studies have determined that girls play in what ways in their play groups? They engage in ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that girls tend to engage in quieter, more cooperative play that often involves role playing and fantasy. They are less likely to engage in rough and tumble or highly competitive play. Girls also tend to spend more time talking and socializing during play.

Question 9

Your nephew has always had a difficult personality.He is now in early childhood and is very aggressive in most things that he does.Your sister is very concerned and asks you what your thoughts are.You tell her that ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that aggressive behavior in early childhood can be a predictor of aggression in adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, it is important for parents to monitor and address aggressive behavior early on to prevent potential negative outcomes.

Question 10

What type of aggression is involved when a child wants something and uses aggressive behavior or words to get it?

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is goal-oriented and used as a means to achieve a desired outcome, such as obtaining a toy or gaining a privilege. In this scenario, the child's use of aggressive behavior or words to get something they want is an example of instrumental aggression.

Question 11

____ involves using aggressive behaviors to get an item that is wanted,whereas ____ is aggressive behavior that is intended to inflict pain or harm to another person.

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression involves using aggressive behaviors to achieve a specific goal, such as obtaining an item that one wants. Hostile aggression, on the other hand, is motivated by feelings of anger and aims to inflict pain or harm on another person.

Question 12

Numerous studies have determined that boys play in what ways in their play groups? They engage in ____.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have found that boys engage in rough and tumble play, high activity play, and more aggressive play in their play groups.

Question 13

During early childhood,in what ways do children change in terms of play? Their play becomes ____.

Accepted Answer

During early childhood, children's play becomes more sex-segregated, meaning boys are more likely to play with boys and girls with girls, often engaging in activities that are stereotypically associated with their gender.

Question 14

Sophia and Yvette are playing with dolls when suddenly a third playmate,Cameron,grabs Sophia's doll,throws it on the ground,and stomps on it,while telling Yvette that Sophia's dolls are smelly and dirty.Cameron is demonstrating ____.

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression is an impulsive and reactive behavior that is motivated by a desire to hurt someone or something. Cameron's actions demonstrate hostile aggression as he grabbed Sophia's doll, threw it on the ground, and stomped on it. Additionally, he verbally insulted Sophia's dolls by calling them smelly and dirty.

Question 15

____ are persons who share some aspect of their status in common,such as age.

Accepted Answer

Peers are persons who share some aspect of their status in common, such as age. Admirers are people who look up to or respect someone greatly. Confidants are people who one can trust and share personal information with. Siblings are brothers or sisters who share common parents.

Question 16

Layla and Gregory are both 4 years old and playmates at the same daycare center.Which of the following best describes their relationship?

Accepted Answer

Layla and Gregory are both 4 years old and playmates at the same daycare center. As they are of the same age and share similar experiences, they are considered peers.

Question 17

What type of aggression involves damaging another person's reputation among peers through exclusion and malicious gossip?

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression involves damaging others' relationships and reputations through exclusion, gossip, and other non-physical means. This type of aggression is often used by girls and women, but can also be used by boys and men. Instrumental aggression involves using physical or verbal aggression to achieve a specific goal, while hostile aggression is driven by anger and a desire to harm others. Verbal aggression involves using words to hurt, intimidate, or manipulate others.

Question 18

____ is / are slightly more common in girls than boys,and ____ is / are slightly more common in boys than girls.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that girls tend to use more verbal and relational aggression, while boys tend to use more physical aggression.

Question 19

How common is it for adults to play with children outside of the West?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How common is it for adults to...

Question 20

What expression of aggression involves hitting,kicking,pushing,or striking someone with an object?

Accepted Answer

Physical aggression involves using physical force to harm or injure someone, such as hitting, kicking, pushing or striking them with an object. This differs from instrumental aggression, where the goal is to achieve a non-aggressive outcome, and hostile aggression, which is motivated by anger or hostility towards the victim. Verbal aggression involves the use of words to harm or manipulate others.

Quiz 6: Early Childhood